共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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无外加催化剂条件下芳香醛与活性亚甲基化合物的缩合反应和迈克尔加成反应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在DMF溶剂中,不外加催化剂使芳香醛(1)与2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮(2)发生缩合反应生成2,2-二甲基-5-芳亚甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮(3a~f)。在同样条件下,芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮(4)则发生缩合和迈克尔加成反应生成2,2'-芳亚甲基双(3-羟基5,5-二甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮)(5a~h)。用单晶X-射线分析法确定了产物5b的晶体结构。 相似文献
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丙烯酸及其酯是重要的化工原料,广泛应用于涂料、粘结剂、纤维等领域,目前工业上常采用丙烯两段氧化法进行制备,但该法以石油基原料丙烯为源头,采用V/Mo/Bi等金属催化剂,不符合可持续发展理念,且存在环境污染及氧气下产物易过度氧化等问题.如何高效、安全、大规模工业化制备丙烯酸及其酯是研究者追求的目标.以乙酸甲酯(Mac)和甲醛为原料,通过羟醛缩合一步制备丙烯酸及其酯是一条完全不同于丙烯氧化法的合成路径,原料均可由煤基甲醇得到,符合我国"富煤、贫油、少气"基本能源结构,且该方法碳原子利用率为100%,副产物仅为水,属于绿色环保合成路径.本文以甲缩醛(DMM)为甲醛源,创新性地采用固体硅铝分子筛为酸性催化剂,催化DMM和MAc发生羟醛缩合反应来制备丙烯酸.硅铝分子筛具有较高的活性,可高效地催化羟醛缩合反应,且具有很好的再生性能,即使催化剂寿命较短,也可采用流化床或移动床等反应器进行工业化,因此具有良好的工业化前景.硅铝分子筛中常含有Br?nsted酸和Lewis酸,为试图说明羟醛缩合反应的真正活性位点,我们以羟醛缩合反应性能最佳的HZSM-35分子筛为研究目标.首先,利用红外研究HZSM-35分子筛的酸性质.发现分子筛中桥羟基提供Br?nsted酸,外骨架铝物种提供Lewis酸.通过对桥羟基红外峰一阶求导,发现其对称性较差,表明Br?nsted酸在HZSM-35分子筛孔道中分布不均匀.利用红外分峰手段,得知约51%的Br?nsted酸分布于八元环和六元环交叉所形成的笼(cage)中,约23%分布于十元环孔道,26%分布于八元环孔道中.同时,利用吡啶在分子筛HZSM-35不同温度下的吸附情况验证了这一分峰结果.其次,利用钠离子交换方法制备不同Br?nsted酸浓度的ZSM-35分子筛,经吡啶红外表征得知,Br?nsted酸浓度随钠离子交换程度增加而逐渐降低,而Lewis酸浓度并未改变;在羟醛缩合反应性能中,丙烯酸及丙烯酸甲酯选择性和收率均随Br?nsted酸浓度增加而逐渐升高,考虑到Lewis酸浓度并未变化,可知Br?nsted酸是羟醛缩合反应性能的活性位点,其浓度增加有利于羟醛缩合反应性能的提高.同时,对比不同ZSM-35分子筛失活现象,高Br?nsted酸浓度时分子筛重积炭量最高,这可能是由于Br?nsted催化不饱和产物关环生成芳烃物种或(和)发生氢转移过程所导致. 相似文献
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微波辐射和加热条件下的无催化剂无溶剂Knoevenagel缩合反应 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
芳香醛和丙二腈在无催化剂无溶剂存在下在微波辐射或加热条件下可以发生Knoevenagel缩合反应,反应产率良好. 相似文献
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Carbon‐based solid acid catalyst was found to be highly efficient, eco‐friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the multicomponent reaction of benzil, aromatic aldehyde, primary amine and ammonium acetate, giving rise to 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles in good to excellent yields. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as high yields, short reaction time, mild reaction condition and a recyclable catalyst with a very easy work up. 相似文献
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CAI Xi-mei WANG Qi-fang YAN Chao-guo College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou P. R. China 《高等学校化学研究》2009,25(5):657-661
Under microwave irradiation, the one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction of three moles of aromatic aldehydes with two moles of cyclic ketones having free α,α'-methylene positions such as cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid afforded dicycloalkenopyridines with two α-arylidene groups in high yields. Under the similar reaction condition, the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 1-tetralone having only one α-methylene position alternatively resulted in 10-ary... 相似文献
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生物质炭基固体酸催化剂的制备 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以生物质木粉为原料, 采用炭化-磺化法制备了炭基固体酸催化剂, 并用于油酸与甲醇的酯化反应, 考察了制备条件对炭基固体酸催化剂活性的影响. 采用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析、高分辨透射电子显微镜及元素分析等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 由生物质木粉制备的炭基固体酸催化剂具有较高催化酯化反应活性, 在 400 oC 下炭化 0.5 h, 135 oC 下磺化 1 h 制备的炭基固体酸催化剂在精馏分水连续酯化装置中催化油酸与甲醇的酯化反应 2 h 时, 酯化转化率达到 96%. 采用炭化-磺化法制备的生物质炭基固体酸催化剂具有蠕虫状的无序乱层炭结构, 磺酸基 (-SO3H) 含量高达 13.25%, 并且在 220 oC 以下时具有良好的热稳定性. 相似文献
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The aldol condensation reaction of cyclic ketones with aromatic aldehydes in ethanol under reflux conditions using ZrCl4 as a catalyst to afford the corresponding α,α′‐bis(substituted benzylidene and cinnamylidene)cycloalkanones in excellent yields has been described. No self‐condensation product was produced. 相似文献
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A rapid, efficient, and ecofriendly protocol has been developed for the Knoevenagel condensation of active methylene compounds such as malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate with aldehydes in the presence of melamine with good to excellent yields at room temperature without solvent. 相似文献
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On Regioselectivity of Aldol Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Borate Complex of Acetylacetone
While cinnamoyl acetone 1 is obtained in good yield by a condensation of 3 molar excess of a borate complex of acetylacetone with benzaldehyde, products of Knoevenagel condensation 2 are predominantly obtained with furfural and 5-substituted furfurals. Cinnamoyl acetone 1 can be further condensed with furfural to form unsymmetrical curcuminoid 5. Compound 2a does not produce any new products under the same conditions. Compounds 3 and 5 are good inhibitors of growth of protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. 相似文献