Pt-Ce掺杂对Cu/Al2O3催化剂结构及性能的影响及其用于苯催化氧化的研究

通过添加Pt-Ce作为助剂,对Al2O3担载的Cu催化剂进行修饰,制备负载型催化剂用于苯的催化氧化。利用XRD,N2吸附和H2-TPR等手段对载体和催化剂的织构-结构、活性组分的分散、还原性能及活性组分之间的相互作用进行了表征和分析。结果表明:添加Pt与Ce有利于提高CuO颗粒在Al2O3表面上的分散度,使其晶粒变小,从而改善了催化剂的性能。部分活性组分进入到Al2O3孔道中,在孔中及表面均形成了活性氧化物种。添加微量的Pt(0.1%(质量分数))及Ce可明显提高Cu/Al2O3催化剂的氧化活性,其中0.1%Pt/10%CuCe(12∶1)/Al2O3在250℃下就能完全催化氧化苯,表现出最佳的催化活性,可与贵金属催化剂(通常负载量在0.3%～2.0%)的活性相媲美。催化剂的高活性主要是在于活性组分在Al2O3表面的高分散以及PtOx,CuO和CeO2之间的相互作用。     

粘土孔结构及添加铈对于催化剂上苯吸附-脱附-催化氧化性能的影响

采用3种不同孔结构的粘土材料,即Na型-蒙脱土(Na-mmt)、Al柱撑粘土(Al-PILC)和AlCe复合柱撑粘土(AlCe-PILC),以上述材料为载体,负载Mn和MnCe作为易挥发有机物(VOC)苯的氧化催化剂。利用N2吸附、程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等手段对催化剂的织构-结构、氧化-还原和吸附-脱附等性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明对于具有高比表面积和大孔径的改性粘土材料,添加适量的Ce有利于催化剂对低浓度苯的吸附,吸附量显著增加、脱附温度提高,上述条件都有利于对低浓度苯的深度氧化。同时,这一研究结果对改善"吸附-催化"一体化的低温吸附、高温脱附及氧化性能有极其重要的意义。     

非晶态Mn-Ce-O催化芳香醇选择氧化

采用氧化还原-沉淀法制备了一系列不同Mn/Ce摩尔比的Mn-Ce-O催化剂,并以分子氧为氧化剂考察了催化剂对芳香醇选择氧化反应的催化性能.当n(Mn)/n(Ce)=10时,Mn-Ce-O的催化活性最高,100℃下反应1 h时苯甲醇转化率为96.6%,催化剂的质量比活性可达19.3 mmol/(g·h).该催化剂可循环使用6次以上而其催化活性无明显降低.采用粉末X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、X射线吸收光谱和程序升温还原等手段对Mn-Ce-O催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,以Mn3+和Mn4+共存的非晶态MnOx是活化分子氧及氧化芳香醇的主要活性组分,高分散在非晶态MnOx表面的CeOx对催化剂性能有重要影响,添加少量的Ce能增大催化剂的比表面积,促进MnOx的还原,提高其表面氧中心的恢复能力,从而显著提高催化剂活性和循环使用性能.     

凹凸棒石负载的Cu-Mn-Ce催化剂上甲苯氧化反应性能

采用浸渍法制备了凹凸棒石(PG)负载Cu-Mn-Ce催化剂,运用X射线衍射、透射电镜和H2程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并将催化剂用于氧化降解甲苯反应中,考察了不同活性组分、Ce添加量以及催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响,探讨了催化剂中活性组分的存在形式及与催化氧化活性的关联.结果表明,催化剂中Cu,Mn和Ce...     

Ce对Al2O3负载钙钛矿催化剂结构及性能的影响

制备了LaMn0.7Cu0.3和La0.3Ce0.7Mn0.7Cu0.3钙钛矿型汽车尾气净化催化剂,研究了Ce对LaMn基催化剂及分散层材料γ-Al2O3结构与性能的影响.结果发现,添加6%的氧气可将分散层材料γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3相转变温度从800 ℃提高到1150 ℃,同时可使γ-Al2O3保持最大的比表面积.在LaMn/Cu催化活性材料中加入Ce,导致催化剂对HC, CO的氧化性能有一定程度的降低,但可明显改善催化剂对NOx的还原性能,其还原效率可达80%以上.在10%氧气的富氧条件下,在LaMn/Au催化材料中添加Ce,可使LaMn/Au活性层材料对NOx的还原效率达到40%以上. X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微观察的结果表明,添加Ce在一定程度上抑制了LaMn基催化活性材料钙钛矿结构的形成和析出,降低了LaMn材料的钙钛矿晶粒尺寸,使表面活性成分分布更加均匀.     

钾改性Mn/Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2催化剂催化氧化甲苯（英文）

碱金属作为助剂,能够调变催化剂的电子和结构性能,从而改善催化剂的活性。本工作中,我们研究了碱金属K的添加对Mn Ox/Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2催化剂氧化甲苯的性能影响。结果表明,掺杂碱金属K可以明显提高催化剂的催化活性;当K与Mn的摩尔比为0.2时,催化剂Mn/Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2-K-0.2表现出最好的活性。在体积空速为12000 h-1时,其完全转化温度T90为242°C。同时采用X射线粉末衍射、紫外/可见拉曼、程序升温还原与吸脱附、光电子能谱及红外原位等表征技术研究K的添加对催化剂Mn Ox/Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2性能影响。结果表明,适量K的添加可以提高催化剂的氧化还原性能,增加催化剂表面缺陷位并提高晶格氧的移动性,同时增加了催化剂表面活性氧物种浓度,从而提高催化剂催化氧化甲苯的能力。     

丙烷选择氧化用BiCeVMoO复合氧化物催化剂中Ce组分的作用

 用X射线衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱（LRS）、程序升温还原（TPR）、催化剂晶格氧反应性和微反测试等手段考察了BiCeVMoO复合氧化物催化剂的组成、结构、氧化－还原性质与催化丙烷选择氧化性能．结果表明，n（Ce）／n（Ce＋Bi）≤0．15时，Ce组分可能占据BiVMoO 结构中Bi离子所处的晶格位置．催化剂对丙烷选择氧化的催化性能与Ce组分的含量密切相关，随着Ce含量的增加，丙烯醛选择性显著升高，在n（Ce）／n（Ce＋Bi）＝0．15时达极大值．随着Ce含量的进一步增加，丙烯醛选择性下降，完全氧化产物COx选择性上升．可以认为，适量Ce组分的引入提高了催化剂晶格氧物种的反应活性，从而改善了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化的催化性能．     

共沉淀法和浸渍法制备的HoCeMn/TiO2催化剂的脱硝性能

采用浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了Ho Ce Mn/Ti O₂脱硝催化剂并对其结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明共沉淀法增强了活性组分和载体的相互作用,从而增加了Ho Ce Mn Ti-C催化剂表面Ce³⁺、Mn⁴⁺以及吸附氧的含量,使其表现出优异的低温氧化还原性能。此外,共沉淀法制备的HoCeMnTi-C具有更多的表面酸性位点及更强的表面酸性。催化剂表面酸性和氧化还原性能的提高有助于氨的吸附和活化,从而显著提高其活性。表面酸性位点的增多还抑制了H₂O和SO₂在催化剂表面的吸附,提升了催化剂的抗水抗硫性能。催化剂上的选择性催化还原(SCR)反应遵循Eley-Rideal(E-R)机制,催化剂硫中毒是源于形成的硫酸盐覆盖或破坏了催化剂活性位。     

NO选择性催化还原Ce-Mn-Ti-O催化剂铈组分助催化作用

用NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和BET表面积测试结合NO选择性催化还原(SCR)微型反应评价等方法,研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce-Mn-Ti-O复合氧化物催化剂中铈组分的助催化作用.结果表明随铈含量增加,NO转化率大幅度增加,在Ce/Mn摩尔比约0.08时达极大值,其后随铈含量进一步增加,NO转化率又逐渐下降.适量铈组分的加入对Mn-Ti-O催化剂表面酸性影响不大,但增加了催化剂活性组分Mn物种的表面浓度,提高了Mn4+物种的相对含量和Mn物种的可还原性,从而提高催化剂低温SCR活性.当Ce/Mn摩尔比超过0.08,催化剂表面的Mn组分与Ce组分可能形成无定型结构的多层聚集的Ce-O-Mn物种,导致催化剂Mn/Ti摩尔比下降和Mn物种可还原性下降,从而导致催化剂SCR活性的下降.     

铈锰氧化物对二氯甲烷催化氧化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列Ce1-xMnxO2催化剂,运用BET,XRD,Raman,XPS和H2-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征。并考察了催化剂对CH2C l2催化氧化的性能。XRD结果表明,催化剂中Ce的加入可以有效抑制催化剂晶粒变大,且有部分Mn离子进入CeO2骨架中形成了固溶体;而XPS结果表明,催化剂中Mn物种以+3和+4价存在。H2-TPR结果表明,催化剂中Ce的加入降低了MnOx中晶格氧的还原温度。反应活性结果表明,Ce1-xMnxO2系列催化剂较纯CeO2,MnOx催化活性好,其本征活性顺序为Ce0.8Mn0.2O2Ce0.6Mn0.4O2Ce0.5Mn0.5O2Ce0.4Mn0.6O2Ce0.2Mn0.8O2CeO2MnOx。这可能是由于Ce的添加提高了催化剂中MnOx晶格氧的活泼程度,进而影响反应性能。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。