高能Zn离子注入CaF2基质形成ZnO纳米粒子的机制、构型及电子结构

将高能Zn2+注入到CaF2介电基质中,在CaF2的表面下注入Zn2+浓度呈近似高斯分布,通过氧气氛后经热退火形成ZnO量子点.采用MaterialsStudio和Gaussian98W程序,结合实验结果计算分析了CaF2基质中ZnO纳米粒子的电子结构和光学性质.选取由4个ZnO原胞组成的超晶胞模型计算了ZnO纳米粒子的吸收光谱,理论结果与实验结果相符.对ZnO纳米粒子电子结构的研究结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子与CaF2基质的相互作用主要是ZnO表面的O与基质中Ca之间的作用,这种作用使ZnO纳米晶体的Fermi能级变窄,带隙相应减小;ZnO纳米粒子表面构型的变化对其本征吸收光谱没有影响,理论计算结果与实验值一致.     

金纳米棒组装体表面等离子体共振耦合效应的FDTD模拟

贵金属纳米结构的光学性质与其尺寸、形貌、介质环境等因素的相关性是基础研究领域的重要内容. 本文利用时域有限差分（FDTD）方法,计算了不同构型二聚体和多聚体的表面等离子体共振（SPR）特性. 研究了金纳米棒结构和组装方式对SPR耦合效应的影响,模拟结果与实验规律比较吻合. 金纳米棒二聚体的光吸收结果表明：对于肩并肩（S-S）的组装体,随着间隙的减小,金纳米棒的横向SPR（SPR_T）峰有较小的红移,而纵向SPR（SPR_L）峰显著蓝移. 对于端对端（E-E）的组装体,随着组装体间隙的减小,金纳米棒的SPR_T峰无明显移动,而SPR_L峰显著红移,并在近红外较长波段范围内出现新的共振峰,其强度随着间隙的减小而增强;结合弹簧振子模型和纳米颗粒在外电场作用下的极化,对组装体共振吸收峰的移动和新的耦合共振峰的出现提出了初步的解释.     

表面活性剂对树形银纳米结构影响的蒙特-卡洛模拟

采用偏压受限扩散聚集模型研究溶液中银树形纳米结构的生长。模拟中,在二维正方形格子中引入了等腰直角三角形粒子进行模拟,同时运用不同的粘贴概率来描述表面活性剂的效果。模拟结果表明树形纳米结构随着偏压的增大而变得更密。表面活性剂的加入使得树形纳米结构变得更加对称和规则。更进一步,当表面活性剂的效果足够强且外加偏压很小的时候,银纳米颗粒聚集成了银纳米片。模拟结果有利于定性解释相关的实验结果。     

水热合成CdS纳米晶体的形貌控制研究

研究了水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的化学控制，选择不同的络合试剂为模板,研究其对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的影响.实验发现若以络合试剂乙二胺、甲胺为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为（20～30） nm×（200～600） nm和（40～50） nm×（200～600） nm尺寸的纳米棒;而以络合试剂吡啶、 氨为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为平均尺寸约30 nm和20 nm的纳米颗粒.用XRD、TEM、XPS、PL和Raman光谱等技术对所得CdS纳米棒进行了表征.同时对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的模板控制机制进行了探讨，提出了一种水热合成CdS纳米棒的络合物结构诱导生长机理.     

纳米粒子填充聚合物体系中凝聚结构和渗流转变的分子动力学模拟

通过粗粒化模型,采用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了纳米粒子填充聚合物体系中粒子的凝聚过程.结果表明:纳米粒子和基体粒子间的相互作用决定了团聚体的结构,且作用力越大则团聚体的分形维数越高,当粒子的相互作用强度(εNP)为1.0时,模拟体系中团聚体的分形维数为2.05,与聚酰亚胺炭黑体系透射电镜照片结果一致.对渗流过程的模拟结果表明,相互作用力的增大会导致渗流时间的增加,渗流转变速率减慢,与动态电渗流实验的实测结果相符合.     

两体扰动势和H2O通道反应的三原子体系解析势

提出了两体扰动势的概念.通过两体扰动势构造多原子相互作用体系解析势的理论方法,获得了非线性三原子H2O相互作用体系的解析势函数.用势能面正确描述了O（1D）＋H2→H2O→OH＋H通道反应的性质.理论分析和实验结果非常符合.该方法比较容易推广构造多原子相互作用体系解析势.     

单体摩尔比对PbSe纳米粒子生长的影响

本文研究了不同温度下,Se单体与Pb单体的不同摩尔比对PbSe纳米粒子晶体成核和晶体生长的影响。实验显示,摩尔比较大,Se单体比较多时,PbSe成核比较容易但是PbSe纳米粒子的生长比较慢。主要有两方面原因,一方面是因为Se单体的活度比较大,另一方面是由于PbSe纳米粒子的外壳是Pb壳的粒子结构。     

石英玻璃高温分子动力学模拟中的势函数

根据石英玻璃高温下的分子动力学研究, 分析了势函数中多体势在高温应用下的局限性, 认为离子型对势在模拟石英玻璃高温结构方面优于多体势. 在原子电荷转移方面, 计算并分析了Si和O原子电荷大小对计算原子自扩散系数的影响, 发现用原子电荷转移较少的Morse势函数计算的原子自扩散激活温度比BKS势函数计算的低, 而且在同一温度下, 自扩散系数的计算值也随着原子电荷的减小而增大, 因此, 较小的原子电荷转移应该有利于石英玻璃在高温下的动力学性能的研究.     

培养真核微生物矿化生成纳米SiO2构筑体及其表征

硅在生物体沉积是自然界的普遍现象，SiO2是其存在的基本形式。本文选择真核间型酒香酵母、近似内孢霉酵母、黑根霉菌三种菌，利用生物矿化手段，采用正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、Na2SiO3两种硅源进行生物纳米SiO2沉积实验，实验结果采用SEM、TEM、EDX、ED等表征手段进行了深入细致的研究，结果表明①间型酒香酵母沉积颗粒状SiO2纳米粒子；②近似内孢霉酵母沉积壳鞘状的SiO2纳米结构；③黑根霉菌沉积管状的SiO2纳米结构；④真核微生物能够利用TEOS，也可以利用Na2SiO3。说明真核微生物矿化与模板组成、表面张力、空间结构及硅营养等因素有关系，为利用真核生物矿化材料提供大量依据。     

用实验和模拟计算确定SiO2空心微球的孔径分布

用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗（GCMC）模拟方法结合统计积分方程（SIE）计算了SiO2空心微球球壳上的孔径分布（PSD）.HRTEM、XRD及氮气吸附等实验测试表明,SiO2空心微球的球壳上有无序的介孔孔道.在模拟中,基于实验数据,将SiO2空心微球模型化为具有一定孔径分布的园柱孔,流体模型化为Lennard-Jones(LJ)球,流体分子和孔壁间的相互作用采用Wang等人[10]最近提出的完全解析的势函数描述.模拟结果显示,用孔径分布拟合的吸附数据和实验吸附等温线吻合良好,说明PSD能够十分有效地表示SiO2空心微球的微孔结构.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。