Effect of cold electron emission on diffusion plasma parameters and the sheath structure in a double plasma device

It is observed experimentally that by injecting cold electrons in the discharge region of a double plasma device, the plasma parameters and sheath structure can be controlled in the other region, which is devoid of any electrical discharge. The main discharge region is separated from the region under investigation by a grounded mesh grid. Both cold and hot ionizing electrons are emitted from separate sets of filaments in the discharge region. With an increase in the cold electron emission current, the plasma parameters in the discharge region get changed, which in turn alter the plasma parameters in the other region. Two important effects caused by cold electrons in the diffusion region are the increase in the plasma density and decrease in the plasma potential. The increase in the plasma density and decrease in the sheath potential drop therefore cause the contraction of the sheath.     

应用于多视点视频编码的基于深度特征的图像区域分割与区域视差估计

基于多视点视图深度特征,提出一种通过简单块匹配运算划分多视点视图区域并估计区域视差的算法.首先基于深度对象的概念确定图像中具有不同深度的区域数量以及这些区域对应的区域视差,再根据误差最小化准则初步确定每个图像块所属区域.当区域中图像块数量小于某个阈值时,采用区域合并算法将该区域中的每个图像块合并到与它的视差最为接近的其它图像区域,通过迭代形成最终的有效图像区域划分.实验表明,该算法能够以图像块为基本单元有效地划分各深度层区域,并准确估计对应的区域视差.     

Growth of electron energies with ion beam injection in a double plasma device

This paper reports about the observed energy growth of both high and low energetic electron species in the target plasma region with the increase in plasma potential in the source region of a double plasma device. This situation can be correlated to the injection of an ion beam from source to target plasma region. Plasma is solely produced in the source region and a low-density diffuse plasma is generated in the target region by local ionization between the neutral gas and the high energetic electrons coming from the source region. The growth of electron energy is accompanied by a decrease in diffuse plasma density. It is observed that although energy of high energetic group increases with the injected beam energy, the diffuse plasma density falls due to their decreasing population.     

显微红外光谱法研究豚鼠膝关节软骨下骨的增龄性改变

应用显微FTIR技术原位分析雌性Hartley豚鼠随月龄增加胫骨关节软骨下骨的化学变化。红外光谱测定三种月龄(1月、2月和3月)豚鼠软骨下3个不同吸收颜色的骨小梁区(a,b,c)和中央骨髓区(d)。结果显示：(1)随月龄增加,骨小梁总面积增加,与正常骨小梁谱图相似的a区减少,d区波形有逐渐向a区发展的趋势。(2)2月龄和3月龄的b和c区AmideⅢ红移以c区红移显著并且变成肩峰,代表核酸和多糖的吸收峰峰强是a区的7倍。(3)三种月龄的c区均出现了β型糖苷键吸收峰。(4)I_AmideⅠ/I_AmideⅡ在2月b区最大,3月各区最小,I_AmideⅢ/I_AmideⅡ 在 2月、3月由a到c依次降低,I_νsPO-₂/I_AmideⅡ在2月、3月的b和c区较相应a区高7倍以上。结果符合骨关节炎不同阶段软骨下骨的组织结构及化学组成的变化规律。初步研究表明,显微光谱成像技术结合FTIR可原位分析不同区域的软骨下骨小梁和骨髓的分子组成,为骨关节炎软骨下骨组织病理学的分子水平研究提供了可靠信息。     

Photonic Crystal Power-splitter Based on Mode Splitting of Directional Coupling Waveguides

In the paper, a novel power-splitting scheme based on two dimensional photonic crystal (2D PhC) is proposed. The structure can be divided into three sections, including the input waveguide, coupling region, and output region, and the latter two sections consist of two parallel waveguides placed in proximity. The operation principle of the splitter is that only one of the super-modes splitting from the directional coupler can propagate through coupling region in the frequency range of interest. The radius of air holes next to the guiding region in coupling region is increased to avoid the acute back reflection at the entrance to the input waveguide induced by the modes mismatch between the input waveguide and coupling region. While in output region, the radius of these corresponding air holes is also increased so that the two splitting super-modes have same propagation constants to avoid the coupling between the two output waveguides. Moreover, as the length of coupling region is varied, its influence on the splitting performance is discussed, and it is verified that the relationship between the splitter length and bandwidth has a trade-off.     

图-谱结合的压缩感知高光谱视频图像复原

针对液晶可调滤波片高光谱成像系统记录动态场景的成像特点,提出一种图-谱结合的压缩感知高光谱视频图像复原方法。首先,通过前景目标检测获得运动前景目标的高光谱图像,实现运动前景目标与背景区域分离,并根据前景目标检测结果将背景区域划分为运动区域(被前景目标遮挡区域)与静止区域(未被前景目标遮挡区域)。然后,基于高光谱图像空间维、光谱维相关性,对静止区域进行字典学习获得稀疏先验信息,结合压缩感知理论用于运动区域恢复,得到完整的背景区域高光谱图像。最后,将运动前景目标高光谱图像与背景区域高光谱图像相结合,得到高光谱视频图像。实验结果表明:本文提出的高光谱视频图像复原方法在峰值信噪比和视觉效果上都要优于现有算法,峰值信噪比平均提高5 d B以上。     

基于区域分类、自适应滑动窗和结构检测的合成孔径雷达图像联合降斑算法

为了克服传统的基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像局部统计特性的降斑算法的缺点,提出了基于区域分类、自适应滑动窗和结构检测的联合降斑算法.首先,联合降斑算法对当前区域进行区域分类,并直接保留强边缘结构和点目标.接着,联合降斑算法对均匀区域和弱边缘结构区域进行滑动窗的自适应增长,从而获得合适的滤波窗口.最后,联合降斑算法对新的滤波窗口使用区域分类.如果滤波窗口属于均匀区域,则直接使用均值滤波;如果滤波窗口属于边缘结构区域,则进一步使用结构检测,并且选择窗口内的均匀子区域作为最终的滤波区域.降斑实验表明,联合降斑算 关键词： 区域分类 自适应滑动窗 结构检测 联合降斑算法     

Morphologies and microstructures of carbon nanotubes prepared by self—sustained arc discharging

We have investigated the morphology and microstructure of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles in cathode deposits prepared by self-sustained arc discharge. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that there are two regions exhibiting different morphologies on the top surface of the cathode deposits. In the central region, there is a triangular pattern of spots with a diameter up to 100μm, which consists of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. In the fringe region, carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles are distributed randomly. In addition, carbon nanotubes in the central region have a larger inner diameter, compared with those in the fringe region. The outer diameter distribution of tubes in the central region is narrower than that of tubes in the fringe region, while the former has a smaller peak value than the latter. For the nanoparticles, they exhibit a different behaviour from the tubes existing in the same region. The difference between the microstructure of tubes or particles in the two regions is attributed to the different temperatures and temperature gradients during their formation.     

On correlation functions of lasing systems exhibiting first order-like phase transition threshold behaviour

The correlation function of the intensity fluctuation and the correlation function of the field amplitude in a dye laser and a laser with a saturable absorber are investigated by solving the Fokker-Planck equation. It is found that in the threshold region the intensity fluctuation has a sharp maximum. The noise spectrum is nearly Lorentzian in the center of the threshold region being highly non Lorentzian in the remaining parts of this region. Outside the threshold region the spectrum is Lorentzian. The line spectrum deviates from the Lorentzian profile slightly below the threshold.     

基于高斯混合模型的多区域并行增长图像分割算法

为克服经典区域增长算法中生长规则以及特征选取的困难,提出了基于高斯混合模型的多区域并行区域增长图像分割算法。首先交互选择多个不同区域的种子点,并利用交互式选择的属于每个区域的子块得到混合模型的个数;然后利用最大期望估计混合模型参数作为区域增长的初始参数,并在增长过程中不停地调节模型参数。为了避免初始种子点位置选择对算法性能的影响,采用了多区域并行竞争增长策略。仿真实验获得了较好的分割效果,表明所提出的算法是合理可行的。     

Study of mechanical motions in the basal region of the chinchilla cochlea

Measurements from the 1-4-mm basal region of the chinchilla cochlea indicate the basilar membrane in the hook region (12-18 kHz) vibrates essentially as it does more apically, in the 5-9-kHz region. That is, a compressive nonlinearity in the region of the characteristic frequency, amplitude-dependent phase changes, and a gain relative to stapes motion that can attain nearly 10,000 at low levels. The displacement at threshold for auditory-nerve fibers in this region (20 dB SPL) was approximately 2 nm. Measurements were made at several locations in individual animals in the longitudinal and radial directions. The results indicate that there is little variability in the phase of motion radially and no indication of higher-order modes of vibration. The data from the longitudinal studies indicate that there is a shift in the location of the maximum with increasing stimulus levels toward the base. The cochlear amplifier extends over a 2-3-mm region around the location of the characteristic frequency.     

Temperature determination in the frozen region during cryosurgery of rabbit liver using MR image analysis

Cryosurgery currently is being used clinically to treat tumors in internal organs such as the liver and prostate. Although performed at present under ultrasound monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guidance of these procedures not only permits monitoring of the frozen region during cryosurgery but also makes it possible to determine the temperature distribution in the frozen region, which is not possible using ultrasound monitoring. A good estimate of the region of destruction in the tissue can be obtained from correlating the temperature distribution and the time course of the freezing with the image of the frozen region. Unfortunately, MR pulse sequence-based temperature determination techniques such as diffusion, relazation time, and chemical shift cannot be used for measuring the temperature in the frozen region because the T₂ of the frozen region is so short that there is effectively no RF signal from the frozen region. This paper describes a numerical technique for determining the two dimensional temperature distribution in the frozen region during MR image-guided cryosurgery of normal liver in rabbits. The technique involves solving the energy equation numerically in the frozen region to determine the temperature distribution there. The boundary conditions needed to solve the equation are determined from MR images of the frozen tissue during cryosurgery and from the measured temperature of the cryoprobe. The calculated temperature in the frozen region is then correlated with the damaged region (cryolesion) determined from post mortem histologic evaluation.     

相干光注入半导体激光器锁定过程的稳定性和到达混沌态的各种不稳定现象

本文从半经典理论出发,导出半导体激光器相干光注入锁定过程的基本方程组,讨论了静态解的多支性及其稳定性,稳态调制特性及其稳定性,锁定区内外各种不稳定现象及其在光注入条件下参数平面上的分布,发现锁定区内不稳定区中部存在一混沌区,而在靠近稳定区下边界则存在一自脉动区,混沌区与自脉动区之间是其过渡区;发现到达混沌态可通过自脉动分岔(2^p型和非2^p型)、拍频自调制,以及其混合型等新的路径。 关键词：     

Analysis of dusty plasma in the positive column of glow discharges

The radial distributions of ions,electrons and dust particles in the positive colum of glow discharges are investigated in a tripled-pole diffusion model.The dust particles are mainly trapped in the region around the column axis where the electrostatic potential is the highest.The presence of the dust particles results in the ion density increasing and the electron density decreasiung in the dust-trapped region.The dust-trapped region is wider for a higher dust temperature or a smaller particulate redius.The ions and electrons in the dust-free region away from the column axis are in ambipolar diffusion.     

Multi-sensor image fusion using discrete wavelet frame transform

An algorithm is presented for multi-sensor image fusion using discrete wavelet frame transform (DWFT).The source images to be fused are firstly decomposed by DWFT. The fusion process is the combining of the source coefficients. Before the image fusion process, image segmentation is performed on each source image in order to obtain the region representation of each source image. For each source image, the salience of each region in its region representation is calculated. By overlapping all these region representations of all the source images, we produce a shared region representation to label all the input images. The fusion process is guided by these region representations. Region match measure of the source images is calculated for each region in the shared region representation. When fusing the similar regions, weighted averaging mode is performed; otherwise selection mode is performed. Experimental results using real data show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional pyramid transform based or discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based algorithms in multi-sensor image fusion.     

偏滤器运行模式对托卡马克边缘区等离子体平行流的影响

我们使用一维流体模型,根据在不同偏滤器运行模式下静压强沿着磁力线方向的分布变化,讨论了偏滤器运行模式对托卡马克边缘区等离子体平行流的影响.低再循环模式下,静压强从X点 (X-point)附近的刮削层区域开始明显下降,变化趋势与密度变化趋势一致;等离子体平行流的马赫数在偏滤器区域逐步变大,变化从平缓到迅速.高再循环模式下,静压强在靶板附近的区域迅速下降,在其他区域变化非常小;等离子体平行流的马赫数仅在靠近靶板附近的区域迅速变大,在其他区域变化平缓.在弱脱靶模式下的静压强变化与高再循环模式下类似,不过静压强在X-point附近的刮削层区域开始出现下降的趋势,导致等离子体平行流的马赫数在X-point处的值比在高再循环模式下大.强脱靶模式下,静压强在刮削层区域开始明显下降,在远离靶板的偏滤器区域,静压强迅速下降的地方,观察到高马赫数等离子体平行流.静压强迅速下降引起动压强迅速上升来维持总的压强守恒是在强脱靶状态 下产生高马赫数平行流的一种可能驱动机理.     

Improved high-frequency equivalent circuit model based on distributed effects for SiGe HBTs with CBE layout

In this paper, we present an improved high-frequency equivalent circuit for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs) with a CBE layout, where we consider the distributed effects along the base region. The actual device structure is divided into three parts: a link base region under a spacer oxide, an intrinsic transistor region under the emitter window,and an extrinsic base region. Each region is considered as a two-port network, and is composed of a distributed resistance and capacitance. We solve the admittance parameters by solving the transmission-line equation. Then, we obtain the smallsignal equivalent circuit depending on the reasonable approximations. Unlike previous compact models, in our proposed model, we introduce an additional internal base node, and the intrinsic base resistance is shifted into this internal base node,which can theoretically explain the anomalous change in the intrinsic bias-dependent collector resistance in the conventional compact model.     

Central region design for a 10 MeV internal ion source cyclotron

Internal ion sources are widely adopted in commercial cyclotrons used for short-life isotopes produc-tion. Without beam manipulation provided by the external beam injection line, the central region of this type of cyclotron is more sensitive and should be carefully designed. A design study and beam dynamics simulation for the central region of a 10 MeV compact cyclotron is presented. The OPERA3D/TOSCA code was used to calculate the electric field from a parameterized three dimensional (3D) central region model. With iterative structure optimizations of the central region, the beam centering and vertical focusing is well controlled, and the RF phase acceptance is around 25° A c++ code for beam simulation in the central region was developed and tested.     

Theoretical Studies of the Laser Induced Plasma Profile Near the Critical Density Region for an Adiabatic Plasma Model

A theoretical study of the variation of density and flow velocity due to pondermotive force, near critical density region of a laser – produced plasma, obeying an adiabatic pressure law is reported. The ion-continuity, momentum and wave equations are solved in a steady state. The density and flow velocity as a function of incident laser intensity are calculated and plotted for both underdense and overdense regions for adiabatic exponent γ = 4/3, 5/3, 2. The velocity decreases and density increases in the overdense region and velocity increase and density decreases in the underdense region with the increase of larger power at sonic point. It is found that the velocity is subsonic in the overdense region and supersonic in the underdense region. The nature of variation is similar to the isothermal model.     

Anomalous capacitive sheath with deep radio-frequency electric-field penetration

A novel nonlinear effect of anomalously deep penetration of an external radio-frequency electric field into a plasma is described. A self-consistent kinetic treatment reveals a transition region between the sheath and the plasma. Because of the electron velocity modulation in the sheath, bunches in the energetic electron density are formed in the transition region adjacent to the sheath. The width of the region is of order V(T)/omega, where V(T) is the electron thermal velocity, and omega is the frequency of the electric field. The presence of the electric field in the transition region results in a collisionless cooling of the energetic electrons and an additional heating of the cold electrons.