VRML在分子对称性教学中的应用

以椅式环己烷为例,介绍了如何应用分子模拟软件制作含有分子对称元素的VRML模型的过程。利用VRML的交互性可以帮助学生直观地掌握分子的三维结构以及对称元素的分布,切实提高了分子对称性的教学效果。     

定域分子轨道对称性

提出了利用定域分子轨道重心确定分子轨道的对称性。确定了线型的、非线型的、环状的分子定域分子轨道对称性。结果表明非线型分子和其中双中心键具有相同对称性,但含孤对或三中心键的分子则存在一些差别。还讨论了定域分子轨道的特征。     

反键分子轨道与对称性关系

根据群论，阐述了对称性匹配的原子轨道不仅可以组成成键分子轨道，同样可组成反键分子轨道，否定了反键分子轨道是由对称性不匹配原子轨道组合的观点     

分子轨道对称性表示法及其在周环反应中的应用

本文介绍一种简明的分子轨道对称性表示法。用这种方法可以很好地阐明周环反应的反应规律。     

用SymApps与Weblab-ViewerPro研究分子的对称性

介绍了使用化学软件SymApps与Weblab-ViewerPro研究分子对称性的方法。给出了研究分子点群和分子手性，并快速制作对称操作三维动画的实例。     

分子的模糊对称性

将模糊数学方法引入对分子对称点群的研究,建立描述具有不完整分子对称性的模糊点对称群(集合).建立具有模糊对称性分子轨道的模糊表示及其模糊特征标(模糊广义宇称).通过对典型的线状分子、平面分子以及非平面的立体分子等进行分析,展示了一个新的理论化学园地.初步探讨了具有模糊对称性的动态反应体系.从模糊对称性出发,探讨了分子轨道对称守恒原理的半定量特征.     

最大重迭对称性分子轨道模型的理论与发展

本文是作者近年来研究的最大重迭对称性分子轨道(MOSMO)模型的基本理论思想、方法和特点及其发展的一个概要性综述。     

分子模拟软件INSIGHTⅡ及其在化学教学中的应用

计算机分子模拟技术在科技发达国家正越来越广泛地用于科研生产、教学的各个相关领域,它不仅使分子、原子等微观粒子的结构形象化、可视化［１］,而且通过结构信息分析、模拟、数据处理一体化技术,从微观角度揭示结构与性质的关系,预示各种化学现象、生命现象、物理现象的模型,解释物质的微观至宏观的各种性质,进行各种材料如合金、陶瓷的优化与设计,药物的合理设计等等。这些应用反过来又推动了计算机分子模拟技术的发展。一些科研机构、公司不断结合国际上有关先进技术、信息资料推出了一些优秀的软件产品,分子模拟软件Ｉｎｓｉｇ…     

浅谈分子对称性中独立的对称元素

通过图示和矩阵两方面来阐述独立的对称元素和非独立的对称元素之间的区别与联系,利用比较法帮助读者正确理解独立对称元素的内涵。     

通用轨道绘制软件Orbital Viewer及其在教学中的应用

以实例介绍了用轨道绘制软件OrbitalViewer制作原子、分子轨道 3D图形和VRML动画的方法 ,以及这些素材在网络课件和PowerPoint演示中的显示与播放方法     

M(o)bius环并苯的分子对称性

一般来说,点群理论认为M(o)bius带环分子最高的对称性只能是C2.本文讨论了由18个苯环组成的环并苯的异构体分子,包括柱面的Hückel型分子(HC-[18])和扭转180°的M(o)bius带环分子(MC-[18]).结果表明除了点对称性外,M(o)bius带环分子还存在一种可称为环面螺旋旋转(TSR)变换的对称性,为此还引用了环面正交曲线坐标系.此外,还讨论了这些分子关于TSR对称性匹配的原子集和原子轨道(AO)集.根据TSR对称性的循环群特征,可以建立此类群的不可约表示及有关特征标.这类分子的分子轨道(MO)关于TSR群的不可约表示是纯的,然而所含的相应的原子轨道对称性匹配的线性组合(SALC-AO)成分可以是多种的.     

MOE软件在分子对接教学中的应用*

主要介绍MOE软件在分子对接教学中的应用。详细介绍了MOE用于分子对接的使用流程,并分析了对接的可靠性及小分子与蛋白的连接情况,为后续药物的设计提供参考。本案例既可以用于理论教学也可以设计成计算机辅助药物设计上机实验,增强了学生的学习兴趣,降低了教学的难度,也为涉及到分子对接的大学生创新创业项目提供方法。     

Symmetry measures of the electron density

In this communication we define electronic symmetry operation and symmetry group measures, eSOM and eSGM, respectively, develop the basic algorithms to obtain them, and give some examples of the possible applications of these new computational tools. These new symmetry measures based on the electron density have been tested in an analysis of (a) the inversion symmetry for heteronuclear diatomic molecules, for the eclipsed and staggered conformations of ethane and tetrafluoroethane, and for a series of octahedral sulfur halides; (b) the reflection symmetry of three different conformers of tetrafluoroethene; and (c) the loss of C₆ symmetry along the B_2u distortion mode of benzene and an analysis of rotational symmetry for different six‐member ring heterocycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010     

Stacking Control by Molecular Symmetry of Sterically Protected Phthalocyanines

The synthesis and characterization of two phthalocyanine (Pc) structural isomers, 1 and 2, in which four 2,6-di(hexyloxy)phenyl units were attached directly to the 1,8,15,22- or 1,4,15,18-positions of the Pc rings, are described. Both Pcs 1 and 2 exhibited low melting points, i.e., 120 and 130 °C respectively, due to the reduction in intermolecular π-π interaction among the Pc rings caused by the steric hindrance of 2,6-dihexyloxybenzene units. The thermal behaviors were investigated with temperature-controlled polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and absorption spectral analyses. Pc 1, having C_4h molecular symmetry, organized into a lamellar structure containing lateral assemblies of Pc rings. In contrast, the other Pc 2 revealed the formation of metastable crystalline phases, including disordered stacks of Pcs due to rapid cooling from a melted liquid.     

Molecular and electronic structures of bipolaron in poly-para-phenylene in terms of molecular orbital symmetry

The molecular structures of the model systems of the polaron and the bipolaron in poly-para-phenylene (PPP) were calculated by an ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method with fairly sophisticated approximations. The calculated models are monocations, dications, monoanions and dianions of biphenyl, para-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, para-quinquephenyl and para-hexaphenyl. The calculations show that the longer the PPP oligomer is, the stronger is the tendency to take on a non-planar twisting structure. This was accounted for by the combination of repulsions between proximate ortho-hydrogen atoms with resonance interactions between benzene π MOs. The magnitude of the resonance interactions was assessed by using the symmetry of benzene π MOs as well as an analytical Hückel solution of the π MO for polyene. In addition, negatively charged polarons and bipolarons were found to have a stronger tendency to take on a planar structure than positively charged ones. This result was also explained by comparing the benzene π HOMO with the benzene π LUMO. Received: 30 June 1998 / Accepted: 9 September 1998 / Published online: 23 February 1999     

Symmetry and Rigidity for Boosting Erbium-Based Molecular Light-Upconversion in Solution

Previously limited to highly symmetrical homoleptic triple-helical complexes [Er( Lk )₃]³⁺, where Lk are polyaromatic tridentate ligands, single-center molecular-based upconversion using linear optics and exploiting the excited-state absorption mechanism (ESA) greatly benefits from the design of stable and low-symmetrical [ Lk Er(hfa)₃] heteroleptic adducts (hfa⁻=hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion). Depending on (i) the extended π-electron delocalization, (ii) the flexibility and (iii) the heavy atom effect brought by the bound ligand Lk , the near-infrared (801 nm) to visible green (542 nm) upconversion quantum yield measured for [ Lk Er(hfa)₃] in solution at room temperature can be boosted by up to three orders of magnitude.     

The Wave Function with Symplectic Symmetry and Its Application

The antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) and sequential product of geminals(SPG) functions, the basis functions with symplectic symmetry, are linearly combined to calculate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculation results show that the AGP or SPG function gives the same ground state results as the linear combination.