平行反应的热动力学研究法

根据热动力学基本理论, 推导了平行准一级反应和平行准一二级反应的热动力学方程, 建立了热谱解析平行反应动力学参数的热动力学研究法, 并利用该法研究了两个模拟平行反应体系的热动力学, 实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

时间参量法Ⅱ.简单级数反应的热谱面积差法

从简单级数反应的热动力学方程出发,将时间作为已知参量,提出了一种新的热动力学研究法——简单级数反应的热谱面积差法.该法不需反应进行到底便可求解化学反应的速率常数.实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

连续一级反应的热动力学研究

本文把时间比法引入热动力学研究,建立了连续一级反应的热动力学研究法,并用来研究了一个连续反应体系的热动力学,验证了该方法的正确性.     

热动力学时间变量法——简单级数化学反应

在热动力学理论基础上提出了一种新的热动力学研究法--时间变量法.该法无须将反应进行到底,只需知道一张热谱图上的3个时间点t,t时刻峰高△和t前峰面积a,就可用计算机数值方法求算反应的速率常数.应用该法研究了一级反应、等浓度二级反应、不等浓度二级反应、三级反应和1.5级反应的热动力学.     

模拟热谱曲线法（Ⅲ）——可逆反应

可逆反应是一类重要的复合反应，建立其相应的热动力学研究法有重要意义．刘劲松等[1]建立了可逆反应热动力学的对比进度研究法，曾宪诚等[2]建立了二种可逆反应热动力学无量纲参数研究法．本文根据热动力学理论和文献[3]的基本原理，建立了热导式量热体系的几类（2－2型、2－1型、1－2型）可逆反应通用的模拟热谱曲线研究法．该法无需标定热动力学体系的冷却常数，直接从一张热谱图上同时解析出可逆反应的kf、kb、K，方法更为简便，实用性强，在化学、生化反应的热动力学研究中具有广泛的应用前景．应用该法在15℃、25℃下研究了硝基乙烷…     

时间参量法

从简单级数反应的热学方程出发,将时间作为已知参量,提出了一种新的热动力学研究法－－简单级数反应的热谱面积差法,该法不需反应进行到底便可求解化学反应的速率常数,实验结果验证了方法的正确性。     

模拟热谱曲线法(Ⅱ)──不可逆连串-级反应的热动力学研究

研究连串反应的动力学有十分重要的意义,文献［1,2]建立了两种连串一级反应的热动力学研究法．我们在前文[1]的基础上,建立了模拟热谱曲线法．该法可以直接从热导式量热计的热谱曲线上解析出连串一级反应中两步反应的速率常数．应用该法测定了邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和丁二酸...     

热动力学对比参量法 --简单级数反应

根据化学反应动力学和热动力学基本理论, 建立了简单级数反应的热动力学对比参量方程, 提出了一种新的热动力学研究法--对比参量法. 利用该法可以从一张热谱图上同时解析出化学反应的速率常数、半衰期和热动力学体系的冷却常数. 实验结果验证了方法的正确性.     

热谱重建法及其在热动力学研究中的应用

在热动力学研究中,大多数实验是在热导式热量计中进行的。由于量热系统的热惯性,记录得到的热谱会出现“失真”,为了正确方便地分析被研究过程的动力学性质,必须对所得热谱进行改造或重建。本文系统地提出了一种新的重建法,即热谱重建法。实验结果表明,该法可广泛应用于热动力学研究。     

时间参量法(Ⅳ)──对峙反应的热动力学研究

根据热动力学基本理论和对峙反应的通用微分动力学方程,将时间作为已知参量,建立了对峙反应热动力学时间参量法的数学模型,并利用该法分别研究了硝基乙烷与氨和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷反应的热动力学.     

大孔树脂孔结构的测定

介绍了大孔树脂比表面积,孔容,平均孔径及孔径分布等孔结构参数的测定方法,对各参数的不同测定方法进行了分析,比较。通过作者的工作,对大孔树脂的孔结构测定及测定中需要注意的问题进行了讨论,对各种方法的特点进行了总结。     

聚合物复杂流体流动的动力学模拟

介绍聚合物复杂流体流动问题的模拟方法。通过比较,指出了经曲有限元方法的局限性和拉格朗日－欧拉方法在模拟复杂流动问题上的优越性。拉格朗日－欧拉方法的模拟结果同聚合物流体复杂流动的实验结果相一致,表明该方法在对复杂流体的动力学行为的模拟 合理的和可行的。     

Isotope fraction of hydrogen in hydrogen dichloride anions of tetramethyl- and tetraethylammonium salts

The theory of the double dilution method is shortly described. Critical volume of the liquid specimen has been determined. Optimal specimen concentration ratios of the sample in a given diluent have been examined. The validity and precision of the method have also been investigated. The usefulness of the method has been confirmed by analyzing a typical coin of Thailand. Good agreement with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is obtained.     

Application of barycentric method for determination of free energy of liquid monodisperse system accomplishing diffusion

The barycentric method has been applied to determining the thermodynamic potential (the free energy) of a liquid rarefied monodisperse colloid system in which free unstationary diffusion under constant external conditions has been accomplished. Free energy at an arbitrary moment of time has been obtained as a function of horizontal mass center shift toward the cuvette cavity geometrical center of the liquid disperse system investigated. A very good coincidence between the numerical results from the proposed barycentric method and another classical thermodynamic method has been observed.     

High-performance size-exclusion chromatographic determination of the potency of biosynthetic human growth hormone products

A new high-performance size-exclusion chromatography method has been developed for the determination of potency of human growth hormone products. This method has been extensively validated and shown to correlate well with the hypophysectomized rat bioassay which has been used traditionally. The method is much more precise than the traditional bioassay and thus provides more reliable means of producing consistent biosynthetic human growth hormone batches.     

硝酸甲酯分子间相互作用的DFT和ab initio比较

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和从头算(ab initio)方法,分别在B3LYP/6 31G和HF/6 31G水平上求得硝酸甲酯三种二聚体的全优化几何构型和电子结构,并用6 311G和6 311＋＋G基组进行总能量计算.对HF/6 31G计算结果进行MP4SDTQ电子相关校正.在各基组下均进行基组叠加误差(BSSE)和零点能(ZPE)校正求得结合能.对6 31G优化构型作振动分析并基于统计热力学求得200～600 K温度下单体和二聚体的热力学性质.详细比较两种方法的相应计算结果,发现DFT求得的分子间距离较短,分子内键长较长,所得结合能均小于相应ab initio计算值.     

Evaluation of the Anticorrosive Behaviour of Organic Coatings by Using a Variant of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been acknowledged as a modern and efficient method in the evaluation of the anticorrosive behaviour of coatings. However, difficulties in the interpretation of the complex experimental data present a significant drawback in the use of the method in field studies where quick results are required. The breakpoint frequency method is an extension of the basic EIS method, which allows rapid qualitative assessment of the condition of a coating. By the breakpoint frequency method, the behaviour of epoxy coatings containing various types of reinforcement and applied on steel specimens has been examined after long-term (up to 300 days) exposure to a corrosive environment. The parameter values obtained by the breakpoint frequency method, such as the delaminated area, have been compared with those obtained from fitting the experimental EIS data to a suitable equivalent circuit. These results have also been compared with those of the water permeability of free membranes and the diffusion coefficient determined by standard test methods (e.g. the cup test).     

Improved version of Doyle integral method for nonisothermal kinetics of solid-state reactions

An improved version of Doyle integral method for the determination of the kinetic parameters from nonisothermal thermoanalytical data has been presented. The relative errors involved in the activation energy and frequency factor determined from Doyle integral method and its improved integral method have been estimated. The results have shown that the precision of the improved version of Doyle integral method for the determination the kinetic parameters (including the activation energy and frequency factor) is much higher than that of Doyle integral method.     

以培养问题解决能力为核心的PMPR实验教学方法

基于"发现、分析、解决问题"的思维模式,本文提出了以培养学生问题解决能力为核心的"问题→方法→过程→结果"(PMPR)实验教学方法。该方法以"问题"为出发点,引导学生进行问题分析,寻找解决问题的方法,实施解决问题的过程,最终得到解决问题的结果。PMPR实验教学方法的实施激发了学生的学习兴趣,拓宽了学生的知识面,实现了对学生发现、分析、解决问题能力的培养。