Mid-infrared supercontinuum and optical frequency comb generations in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber

We numerically investigate the mid-infrared(MIR) supercontinuum(SC) and SC-based optical frequency comb(OFC) generations when the three optical modes(LP01, LP02, and LP12) are considered in a multimode tellurite photonic crystal fiber(MM-TPCF). The geometrical parameters of the MM-TPCF are optimized to support the multimode propagation and obtain the desired dispersion characteristics of the considered three optical modes. When the pump pulse with center wavelength λ = 2.5 μm, width T = 80 fs, and peak power P = 18 k W is coupled into the anomalous dispersion region of the LP01, LP02, and LP12 modes of the MM-TPCF, the-40-d B bandwidth of the generated MIR SCs can be up to2.56, 1.39, and 1.12 octaves, respectively, along with good coherence. Moreover, the nonlinear dynamics of the generated SCs are analyzed. Finally, the MIR SCs-based OFCs are demonstrated when a train of 50 pulses at 1-GHz repetition rate is used as the pump source and launched into the MM-TPCF.     

基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器的设计及实验研究

提出了三种基于少模光纤的全光纤熔融模式选择耦合器. 根据模式匹配原理采用单模光纤与少模光纤熔融连接方式, 运用耦合模理论及光束传播法模拟分析了模式选择耦合器的结构参数对模式选择及耦合特性的影响, 实现了单模光纤中基模到少模光纤中不同阶模式的转换, 以满足不同的应用需求. 实验上以2× 2熔融光纤耦合器为例, 采用对称和非对称熔融拉锥方式, 分别实现了从基模到LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式的转换. 实验结果表明所得到的LP₁₁, LP₂₁模式在1530–1560 nm的波长带宽范围内均有较高的模式纯净度, 且模式耦合效率高于80%, 与理论模拟结果基本一致.     

具有四模式的低串扰及大群时延多芯微结构光纤的设计

针对光纤空分复用及模分复用传输系统中大容量和耦合串扰问题, 本文提出了一种具有四模式特性低串扰及大群时延的大容量多芯微结构光纤, 通过有限元法计算该光纤电磁场分布进而对其他参数进行分析. 结果表明: 合理的选定光纤结构参数, 可使得该光纤在C+L波段内同时实现19芯的LP₀₁, LP₁₁, LP₂₁, LP₀₂四个偏振模式的传输. 同时, 利用空气孔对电磁场较好的隔离作用来优化芯间串扰并得到较大的模式差分群时延及较为平坦的色散. 此外, 这种结构的光纤制作简单, 在短距离大容量的信息传递系统中具有重要应用.     

Propagating beam analysis of fiber wavelength filters with a depressed-index section

A wavelength filter consisting of single-mode and few-mode fibers is investigated numerically. A simple finite-difference beam-propagation method, in which a transparent boundary condition can be imposed, is developed for circularly symmetric waveguides. After confirming the validity of the numerical method by the mode-mismatch loss, we calculate the propagating field in the fiber wavelength filter, in which interference between LP₀₁, and LP₀₂ modes occurs. To improve the filtering operation, a depressed-index fiber is employed for the few-mode fiber. The effects of the radius and refractive index of the depressed section on the transmission power are revealed and discussed. Power is suppressed to less than 0.1% at 1.3 μm, while maintaining power transmission of more than 85% at 1.55 μm. It is also found that the filtering operation shifts to higher wavelengths as the input power is increased when we choose a self-focusing nonlinear material in the depressed section.     

一种基于三芯光子晶体光纤的宽带模分复用器的设计与研究

本文提出了一种基于非对称三芯光子晶体光纤的宽带模分复用器.该器件主要是由位于光纤中心的可提供基模和高阶模传输的中心纤芯和分别位于中心纤芯两侧的可提供基模传输的2个旁芯构成.根据光耦合理论,在输入端对3个纤芯分别输入LP₀₁模式的光,在传输过程中左旁芯的LP₀₁模式的光将逐步向中心纤芯耦合并转换为LP₂₁模式传输,而右旁芯中的LP₀₁模式的光则逐步耦合并转换为中心纤芯中的LP₃₁模式来传输.通过对光纤结构的优化设计和光纤长度的选择,使得在输出端同时完成旁芯LP₀₁模向中心纤芯LP₂₁和LP₃₁模的最佳转换,从而实现LP₀₁、LP₂₁和LP₃₁ 3种模式的光在中心纤芯中的复用.反之,若将该器件的输出端用作输入端则可以实现中心纤芯中3种模式的光向3个纤芯的解复用.本文利用有限元法和光束传播法进行了优化设计和仿真,并将光耦合理论与超模理论相结合进行了分析计...     

基于包层模谐振的三包层石英特种光纤温度传感特性研究

提出了一种基于包层模谐振的光纤温度传感器. 它是通过将三包层石英特种光纤(TCQSF)两端分别与普通单模光纤(SMF)电弧熔接构成的SMF-TCQSF-SMF结构. 根据耦合模理论, 首先将TCQSF等效为三个同轴波导, 按各波导模场的分布特点标量计算其传输模式的色散曲线, 并深入研究其耦合长度与传输谱线之间的关系; 其次根据光纤的热光效应及热膨胀效应, 分析计算该传感器的温度灵敏度; 最后选取耦合长度为一个拍长时的传感器进行温度传感实验. 实验结果表明, 在35-95 ℃的温度变化范围内, 其温度灵敏度为73.74 pm/℃, 与理论计算结果一致. 因此, 该传感器具有结构简单、制备容易、灵敏度高、包层模激发可控等优点, 可用于工业生产、生物医学等温度传感领域.     

低差分模式时延少模光纤的有限元分析及设计

针对少模光纤展开研究, 利用Comsol软件计算其模场分布、有效折射率, 进而分析光纤的差分模式时延. 通过分析不同结构参量对模式数量和差分模式时延的影响, 设计出了两种低差分模式时延的少模光纤, 即带有外下陷的渐变式光纤和多阶少模光纤. 波长在1530–1570 nm 范围内, 带有外下陷的渐变式光纤支持四模传输, LP₁₁, LP₂₁, LP₀₂模式的差分模式时延的绝对值小于0.015 ps·m^-1; 多阶少模光纤支持两模传输, LP₁₁的差分模式时延低于0.185 ps·m^-1. 两种少模光纤均具有良好的差分模式时延特性, 适于在模分复用技术中应用.     

Cutoff wavelength of single-mode fibers: Definition, measurement, and length and curvature dependence

The cutoff wavelength λ_c as defined by the CCITT can be defined equivalently as that wavelength for which the attenuation of the second-order LP₁₁ mode is 19.34 dB higher than the attenuation of the fundamental mode. This equivalent definition of λ_c does not depend on the length and curvature of the fiber. Both measuring methods for λ_c, the bending method and the multimode reference method, are analyzed and the measurement conditions that lead to the CCITT cutoff wavelength are indicated. The bend attenuation of the second-order mode of a typical matched-cladding, step-index fiber is calculated numerically, and methods are described to determine the length and curvature dependence of the cutoff wavelength from the bend loss data.     

Accurate modal characterization of passive components based on selective excitation of optical fibers

Modal performances of multimode optical passive components are measured by use of a selective excitation techique. Pure LP_m1 modes up to LP_{15 1} mode are generated in a Ti: sapphire laser cavity and launched in the input fiber of the component under test. Azimuthal dependency of the LP₁₁ mode excitation coefficient is used in an accurate centering technique of monomode and multimode splices or connectors.     

少模光纤的弯曲损耗研究

随着光纤通信容量的不断增加, 基于少模光纤的模分复用技术由于其多信道复用、 高频谱效率及低非线性效应成为目前提高光纤通信容量的研究热点. 本文推导得到了适用于少模光纤中高阶模式弯曲损耗的计算公式, 系统研究了下陷层辅助弯曲不敏感抛物线型少模光纤的主要参数(包括芯层半径、芯层到下陷层距离、下陷层宽度及下陷层折射率差)对其弯曲损耗特性的影响. 研究表明: 对于少模光纤, 模式阶数越高, 光纤的弯曲敏感性越高; 随纤芯与下陷层间距离的变化, 光纤各阶模式的弯曲损耗均存在一个最小值. 本文结论对弯曲不敏感少模光纤的设计、制造及少模光纤弯曲性能优化具有指导意义.     

环形光子晶体光纤中涡旋光的传输特性研究

由于涡旋光具有轨道角动量,将它应用于光纤通信领域可以有效提高信息传输速率.设计了一种环形光子晶体光纤,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对其涡旋光TE01,HE±21和TM01模式特性进行模拟计算,它们之间有效折射率差分别为4.59×10~(-4)和3.62×10~(-4);其中,TE01模式的涡旋光在入射光波长范围为1650—1950 nm时,色散值在44.18—45.83 ps·nm~(-1)·km~(-1)之间平坦;入射光波长在1550 nm时,TE01模式的涡旋光的非线性系数为1.37 W~(-1)·km~(-1).该结构的光子晶体光纤的涡旋光具有损耗小、色散平坦等特性,对光纤中传输涡旋光、将涡旋光应用于超连续谱等方面的研究具有重要意义.     

Differentiating core and cladding attenuation in single-mode fiber

The measured attenuation of single-mode fibers is determined by loss contributions from both the core and the cladding. These regions can have different attenuation characteristics. In such a case, a shift in the ratio of core to cladding power of the LP₀₁ mode, due to a change in the cutoff wavelength, will result in a change of the measured attenuation spectrum. We have developed a technique to separate core and cladding attenuations and, by way of example, use the individual effects of radiation, hydrogen, and impurities on the core and cladding region of single-mode fibers to highlight the usefulness of the technique.     

Stimulated four-photon mixing and efficient polychromatic visible light generation in SiO2-based single-mode optical fibers pumped at 1.319 μm

The generation of near-infrared and intense visible light through stimulated multi-wave mixing processes in single-mode silica-based optical fibers pumped by a Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.319 μm is described. The experimental results show that intense infrared light around 1.2 μm is produced via selp-hase-matched four-photon mixing at the minimum group velocity dispersion region of pure SiO₂-core and P₂O₅-doped silica fibers. In the visible spectral region, from 580 nm to 600 nm, 20 W peak power 100-ps pulses were generated by pumping single spans of single-mode P₂O₅-doped and undoped SiO₂-core fibers with 1.319-μm laser pulses. The signal light generated in such fibers propagated in the LP₀₂ fiber mode and exhibited a threshold power that depended upon the fiber length and a critical length that was power dependent. Also, it exhibited an asymmetrical spectrum of a few nanometers bandwidth, with a long tail toward high frequencies. For GeO₂-doped silica-based fibers, a multiple-wavelength visible signal propagating in several high-order fiber modes was generated.     

基于少模长周期光纤叠栅的模式转换器

本文提出一种在同一段少模光纤上写入两个不同周期Λ1和Λ2的长周期光纤光栅构成叠栅的方法,实现了纤芯基模LP_(01)向高阶纤芯模LP_(11)模式转换的宽带宽的新型的全光纤模式转换器.利用有限元法和耦合模理论建立了模式转换器的理论分析模型.数值仿真分析了叠栅中两个子光栅周期间隔、光栅长度、耦合系数等光栅参数对模式转换器的影响.仿真分析和实验结果表明,通过改变两个子光栅的周期间隔来改变两个损耗峰的位置,形成一个损耗峰,从而可以实现宽带宽的模式转换器,其10dB带宽约是单栅的2倍.与传统的模式转换器相比,该转换器带宽宽、转换效率高,尺寸小、抗干扰能力强,可以在模分复用系统和光通信中得到广泛的应用.     

一种X波段过模高效率相对论返波管

设计了一种X波段过模高效率相对论返波管(RBWO),主要结构包括双谐振腔反射器、7周期梯形慢波结构与提取腔。该器件慢波结构的过模比为2.6,电子束与结构波TM₀₁模的近π模相互作用,在慢波结构区域束波作用产生的TM₀₁模表面波主要转化为TM₀₂模的体波,其输出微波的模式主要为TM₀₂模,占比为81%,其余为TM₀₁模。提出一种过模条件下谐振腔反射器的设计思路,结合模式匹配法,优化得到了一种双谐振腔反射器结构,其对TM₀₁模与TM₀₂模的反射系数均大于0.99,可实现过模条件下RBWO慢波结构与二极管区的良好隔离; 同时双谐振腔反射器两个谐振腔中的纵向电场可以对电子束进行充分的预调制,将促进慢波结构区域的束波作用,有利于提升效率。通过在慢波结构后端加入提取腔,进一步提升了转换效率。PIC仿真中, 在二极管电压900 kV,电流14.3 kA,得到了6.6 GW的输出功率,转换效率约51%。     

微纳光纤镀铂金膜锁模光纤激光器

采用有限元法仿真了微纳光纤中模式在镀膜前后的能量、电场及有效折射率变化,分析了HE11、TE01、HE21和TM01模式在微纳光纤中的传输特性以及与铂金膜的相互作用原理。采用缓冲氧化物刻蚀液制作了微纳光纤并用离子喷溅法镀铂金膜,得到直径为13.2μm、铂金膜厚度为40 nm的微纳光纤器件,测试了其可饱和吸收特性,调制深度和饱和强度分别为0.57%和0.8 MW/cm²。制作了全光纤锁模激光器,锁模阈值为180 mW。锁模脉冲重复频率为17.93 MHz,脉冲宽度为103 ps,中心波长为1 031.6 nm,半高宽约为3.5 nm。     

X波段高功率宽带选模定向耦合器

过模圆波导在提高功率容量的同时,不可避免地会造成微波源中同时存在多种模式。为了监测X波段长脉冲高功率微波源TM₀₁模的输出功率和频谱,采用CST软件仿真设计了X波段高功率宽带选模定向耦合器,在耦合TM₀₁模的同时可实现对TM₀₂和TE₁₁模的抑制。波导腔体及耦合孔的尺寸以小孔耦合理论和相位叠加原理为基础并结合切比雪夫分布函数计算确定。仿真结果表明:该高功率宽带选模定向耦合器在9.0~9.8 GHz的带宽范围内,耦合度为(-59.08±1) dB,定向性大于30 dB,对TE₁₁模的抑制度大于15 dB,对TM₀₂模的抑制度大于30 dB,功率容量大于2.5 GW。     

2-μm mode-locked nanosecond fiber laser based on MoS_2 saturable absorber

We demonstrated a 2-μm passively mode-locked nanosecond fiber laser based on a MoS_2 saturable absorber(SA).Owing to the effect of nonlinear absorption in the MoS_2 SA, the pulse width decreased from 64.7 to 13.8 ns with increasing pump power from 1.10 to 1.45 W. The use of a narrow-bandwidth fiber Bragg grating resulted in a central wavelength and 3-dB spectral bandwidth of 2010.16 and 0.15 nm, respectively. Experimental results show that MoS_2 is a promising material for a 2-μm mode-locked fiber laser.     

GENERATION OF MULTI-WAVELENGTH VISIBLE LIGHT IN Er3+-DOPED AND Er3+/Yb3+-DOPED SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBER PUMPED AT 1313 nm

We report the generation of multi-wavelength visible light through amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in Er³⁺-doped and Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-doped germanosilicate single-mode optical fiber pumped by a Nd:YLF laser at 1313nm. In the Er³⁺-doped fiber, the intense multi-wavelength blue emission hnes around 463-510nm corre-spond to transitions born ²G_7/2 etc. excited states to the metastable ⁴I_13/2 state, and their pumping mechanists is aecomphshed by a stepwise four-photon absorption. Some emission hnes in this wavelength region are attributed to the three-wave sum-frequency process of 1313 and 1530nm (corresponds to ⁴I_13/2 -⁴I_15/2). The intense green emission hnes at 525 and 540 nm are also observed in the Er³⁺-doped fiber. In the Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-doped fiber the blue and green lines are very weak compared with those in the Er³⁺-doped fiber.     

基于高折射率液体填充的花瓣形微结构光纤可调滤模特性

提出一种新型的可调滤模光纤结构,利用纤芯模式与微结构包层形成的超模群之间的耦合实现选择性滤模,采用花瓣形包层结构使包层中传输的模式更容易产生高的泄漏损耗;提出以液体填充包层介质柱,使包层形成的超模群有效折射率区间可以通过环境温度来调节,从而达到可调选择性滤模目的.利用液体柱的LP11模所形成的超模群,有效增大了其工作带宽和温度调谐范围.数值模拟结果表明,采用长度仅为71.4 mm的滤模光纤,可以使特定的抑制模式损耗达到20 dB以上,而其他模式损耗均在1 dB以下.提出的光纤可以在少模光纤传输系统中作为滤模器使用,以降低模式转换器、复用器/解复用器以及光开关和光路由等的模式串扰.