从费米原子到配对超冷分子

自从1995年以来，实验物理学家已经在一系列玻色原子气系统中实现了玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)，它们是^1H，^7Li，^23Na，^85Rb和^87Rb等等，这些玻色原子具有整数自旋量子数，与玻色原子相对应的是费米原子，它们具有半整数的自旋值，例如^40K。即使在非常接近绝对零度的低温下，费米原子气也不可能凝聚到单一量子态：每一个费米原子所     

超冷单原子分子阵列

用光镊形成光阱囚禁单个原子、用激光将单个原子冷却到基态形成超冷原子、将超冷原子相干合成单个超冷分子、将单原子分子重排串成丰富多样的超冷单原子分子阵列,这就构成了精密相干可控的多粒子量子系统,为多种前沿科学研究与技术发展提供难得的量子平台。文章介绍近年来单原子量子态高保真操控、异核原子量子纠缠、原子—分子耦合态相干控制、单个超冷分子的相干合成、异核原子阵列确定性制备等方面所取得的最新研究结果。对未来在多体物理、超冷化学、精密测量、量子模拟、量子计算等方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

超冷原子物理学与原子光学

最近十多年来 ,一个新的领域———超冷原子物理学蓬勃地发展起来 .所谓“超冷” ,是指原子作为整体的平动速度极低 ,对应温度低于1ｍＫ( 1 0 -3Ｋ) .如此低温度下的原子体系 ,体现若干新的现象 ,遵从新的物理规律 .其中特别有意义的是原子气体玻色 爱因斯坦凝聚(ＢＥＣ)现象 ,2 0 0 1年的诺贝尔物理学奖就是授予在ＢＥＣ实验实现和性质研究方面做出重要贡献的Ｅ .Ａ .Ｃｏｒｎｅｌｌ,Ｗ .Ｋｅｔｔｅｒｌｅ和Ｃ .Ｅ .Ｗｉｅｍａｎ三位物理学家的 .超冷原子体系技术上能实现 ,有赖于发展于 2 0世纪 80年代的激光冷却和捕陷中性原子的方法 .鉴…     

无处不在的摩擦学：从宏观到单原子尺度

摩擦,是一个人类文明发展史和日常生活中至关重要、无处不在、离开它人类将无法正常生活和生产的科学问题。原子制造也不得不考虑摩擦问题。从宏观到微观,摩擦现象非常复杂、神秘和精彩！在宏观领域,早在 500 年前,就建立起著名的达·芬奇—阿蒙顿经典定律;在微观领域,摩擦具有诸多新奇的特性,比如摩擦力被降低至接近于零的超润滑现象以及摩擦力随着载荷的增加而减少的负摩擦系数现象等。微观摩擦和宏观摩擦表现出的不同规律为我们从微观和单原子尺度上理解摩擦起源,进而调控摩擦力的大小提供了重要的理论基础和途径。文章简要介绍摩擦学及其发展历史,并重点介绍摩擦起源的微观物理机制以及在单原子尺度上调控摩擦力大小的可能途径。     

超冷原子物理学与原子光学(续完)

3　原子光学激光冷却中性原子技术的发展成熟 ,不只是促进超冷原子物理学这个新的研究领域产生和发展起来 ,还同时推动了另一个新的研究领域———原子光学的形成和进步 .原子光学是原子物理学与光物理学的交叉新领域 .在这个新领域中 ,人们类似光物理中处理光 (光子 )那样来处理原子 .从物质粒子与光子在波粒二象性方面的对称地位 ,很容易理解出现相应的物质粒子光学的必然性 .实际上 ,电子光学已经存在了相当一段时间了 (由于发展电子显微镜技术 ) ,类似的研究还有离子光学 ,中子光学等 .上述意义下的原子光学研究 ,最早应该追溯到 1 92 9…     

氦原子的超球绝热势

利用B样条技术和两粒子角函数,对氦原子的超球绝热哈密顿方程进行数值计算.获得了氦原子¹S和¹P态的超球势曲线和绝热道函数.计算结果与文献中的结果一致.文中计算方法可以处理三体系统的高角动量问题.     

超冷原子陷阱中的精确光谱学

超冷原子陷阱中的精确光谱学￥中国科学院物理研究所＠徐积仁超冷原子陷阱中的精确光谱学当用磁场及激光冷却原子使其温度小于ｍＫ量级时，原子被捕获于冷阱中，这时原子的热运动速度已接近为零．在另一束激光作用下，彼此相撞的原子可以结合成分子，这种由光作用形成的分子，称...     

三能级原子的超辐射激光

利用近年发展起来的随机量子轨迹方法，对Ｈａａｋｅ等人提出的三能级原子超辐射激光模型作了进一步讨论。     

Using atom interferometry to search for new forces

Atom interferometry is a rapidly advancing field and this Letter proposes an experiment based on existing technology that can search for new short distance forces. With current technology it is possible to improve the sensitivity by up to a factor of 10² and near-future advances may be able to rewrite the limits for forces with ranges from 1 mm to 100 m.     

Transverse heating due to nonadiabatic propagation of cold atoms in an atomic guide

We study propagation of cold atoms along a curved atomic guide following an arbitrary trajectory in space. Transverse energy of the atomic beam increases as the beam propagates along the guide. Our model explains results of recent experiments on optical and magnetic guiding of cold atoms.     

Squeezing of an atom laser originating from atomic Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with light field

The quadrature squeezing properties of an atom laser originating from atomic Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with light field are studied. We find that the squeezing properties of the atom laser are dependent on the initial light field interacting with the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. If the initial light field cannot be squeezed, such as number state or coherent state light field, the atom laser as well cannot be squeezed. However, if the initial light field interacting with the atomic Bose-Einstein condensate being in squeezed state, the atom laser can be squeezed periodically, and its squeezing depth is dependent on the intensity of interatoms interaction.     

Nanomachinery: A general approach to inducing directed motion at the atomic level

The motion of bodies in a periodic potential relief with weak attenuation is considered. When subjected to various periodic external effects, the bodies may spontaneously move with a velocity uniquely defined by the frequency of a periodic action and the space period of the potential. Principles of inducing directed motion with a strictly controllable velocity that are described in this paper can be used for (1) handling individual molecules or molecular clusters on crystal surfaces, (2) creating nanomachines—objects that are free to spontaneously move both in the absence of an external force and in the presence of a force opposite to the direction of motion (and thus capable of transporting other objects), (3) designing actuators providing a strictly controllable velocity of motion, and (4) designing controllable tribological systems by appropriately profiling tribosurfaces and applying ultrasonic actions. Under periodic external perturbations, the dependence of the mean velocity of a system on the mean applied force (which macroscopically appears as the “friction law” for the system) is shown to contain plateaus of constant velocity not only when the velocity of motion is zero but also when a set of discrete equidistant velocities is present. The problem of creating totally controllable nanomachines can be posed as the problem of controlling the width and position of these plateaus.     

Effect of atomic passivation at Ni-MoS2 interfaces on contact behaviors

Recently, spintronics devices using MoS₂ and ferromagnetic electrode have been in the spotlight. However, strong Fermi level pinning (FLP) is known to occur between MoS₂ and ferromagnetic electrode, resulting in a large Schottky barrier height (SBH), which makes it difficult to inject electron from ferromagnetic electrode to semiconductor. To resolve this problem, we study the reduction of FLP occurring between two materials by investigating the effect of atomic passivation at Ni-MoS₂ interfaces on contact behaviors. Such atomic passivation can reduce the FLP and magnetic moments induced at S atoms of MoS₂. Especially, the largest decrease in the FLP occurs in the case of H atom passivation. Besides, the N, O, and F atom passivation confirms the possibility of ohmic contact, indicated from small SBHs (~0.2 eV). As a result, the SBH and thus the efficiency of the device can be controlled by atomic passivation at metal-semiconductor interfaces.     

Storage and retrieval of coherent optical information in atomic populations

We propose a simple and powerful protocol to map an arbitrary atomic coherence between two quantum states into a population distribution of three metastable states, and later to retrieve the atomic coherence from the population distribution. The protocol applies simple sequences of radiation pulses with arbitrary temporal profile, either as coincident or as consecutive pulses. Mapping of rather short-lived atomic coherences into very long-lived atomic populations permits the prolongation of storage times (e.g. of optical information encoded in atomic coherences) by many orders of magnitude — without the need for complicated techniques to reduce homogeneous broadenings.     

Space tests of relativistic gravity with precision clocks and atom interferometers

Precision clocks and interferometers in space can test relativistic gravity with extremely high sensitivity. Yet, only a single such test has been performed, namely the celebrated flight of a hydrogen maser in a sub-orbital trajectory in 1976 (GP-A mission). This paper suggests some of the obstacles to space flight of precision instruments, and describes how the emergence of new technology might offer a pathway for removing those obstacles. A brief review of emerging technologies is made, and new mission concepts based on them are described. Some of the technologies that can impact more tests of relativistic gravity in space at a more distant future are also described.     

原子模型理论的参数确定与检验方法

根据多电子原子价电子径向波函数的节点特性，结合光谱实验数据，提出了一种确定与检验原子模型势理论中势参数的方法，使所得的波函数避免了因内层电子波函数的混入而造成的坍陷。     

一种可用于原子全息光刻的二元计算全息新方法

 原子全息光刻即采用二元计算全息片掩模来操纵原子,实现微细结构的制作。传统二元计算全息产生的全息片在重现时会产生不止一个实像,这对于原子全息光刻的操作是不利的。提出了一种非相位编码的方法,该方法利用基元函数叠加方式产生实的编码前全息图,再利用类似罗曼Ⅲ型的编码方式产生二元计算全息图。模拟结果表明,利用该方法产生的掩模板可以产生单一的同原始图案相对应的微细结构。     

Contributions of atom probe tomography to the understanding of nickel-based superalloys

Atom probe tomography enables atomic level microstructural characterization to be performed on complex engineering materials such as superalloys. The technique provides information on the size, morphology and compositions of coexisting phases, the solute partitioning of the elements between the phases, and solute segregation to interfaces and grain boundaries. This information leads to a more complete understanding of nickel-based superalloys. The types of atomic level information that may be obtained with atom probe tomography are illustrated with examples of the formation of fine γ precipitates within the central region of the γ′ phase in PW 1480, the evolution of the dual γ′/γ″ nature of secondary precipitates in alloy 718, the interphase precipitation of the γ′ phase at the primary γ″–γ interface in alloy 718, and the quantification of the level and spatial extent of the boron segregation at grain boundaries in a nickel–molybdenum superalloy.