北京大学ERL装置交汇段的研究与设计

 在交汇段设计理论的基础上,针对北京大学ERL的具体情况,对交汇段的束流传输结构进行了优化设计,通过模拟得到了满足要求的一组设计参数;研究了空间电荷效应以及相干同步辐射对束流发射度、能散及包络的影响。结果表明：空间电荷效应对发射度影响不大,但对束流包络影响较明显;相干同步辐射引起的发射度增长及能散较小,且不影响束流包络。     

合肥储存环谐波超辐射自由电子激光的数值计算

 采用数值模拟的方法，结合合肥同步辐射自由电子激光的实际参数，并考虑了三维空间效应及束流能散度、发射度等影响，计算了电子束的能量调制、密度调制及谐波超辐射等物理过程。     

部分相干同步辐射照射下光栅分数塔尔博特效应

基于高斯谢尔光束的相干模式分解理论和波动光学,建立了部分相干同步辐射硬X射线光束通过光学器件的传播模型。模拟了微聚焦X射线光束照射下光栅的分数塔尔博特效应,得到了聚焦光束的光强分布和相干特性变化,并分析了散焦光束入射下的光栅自成像。然后通过模拟准直光束入射下的光栅塔尔博特效应,得到了不同传播距离处自成像条纹的变化情况,分析了影响光栅自成像条纹形状的因素。通过光栅衍射条纹测量同步辐射相干度,发现对矩形相位光栅来说,应该对衍射图样进行傅里叶分解,求出各级傅里叶系数随传播距离的变化曲线,从而得到入射光束相干特性。     

束团序列发射的相干同步辐射强度数值计算

提出一个新颖的射频电子束团序列在偏转或者摇摆磁场中发射的相干同步辐射相干迭加导致辐射增强的理论模型,并基此分析和计算了利用BFEL装置的3?0MeV射频直线加速器产生的电子束团序列发射的相干辐射增强效应.由讨论可知,不同的束团产生的相干同步辐射之间存在相干性源于束团间的相干性;这种束团间的相干性引起的辐射增强迭加在单个束团产生的相干辐射功率谱上;随着波长的增长,这种辐射增强呈现规则的高速振荡效应;束团间相干性引起的强度增强近似约为宏脉冲内所含束团数的平方.最后提出利用所设计的毫米波Michelson干涉仪检测BFEL装置的电子束团序列的相干性的实验设想.     

直线感应加速器模拟软件多功能发射模块开发

在模拟直线感应加速器电子束输运过程中,为了正确设置注入器电子束参数,以注发射模型为基础,研发了可设置发射度、能散和电子束倾斜的多功能发射模型。理论研究了发射度、能散以及电子束倾斜角度,并将这些理论实现到发射模块上。建模对多功能发射模块进行测试,比较设定的电子束参数与模拟测定的电子束参数。通过比较,观测到设定电子束参数与模拟测定值一致,验证了多功能模块开发的正确性。     

100 MeV电子直线加速器的物理设计

 能量为100 MeV左右的高性能电子直线加速器是第三代同步辐射光源注入器和自由电子激光注入器的重要组成部分,采用热阴极栅控电子枪、聚束系统和4根SLAC型加速管作为加速器主体结构,一套45 MW的速调管调制器系统和波导系统作为微波功率源系统。设计中,使用了国际通用的模拟软件对加速器的动力学特性进行了数值模拟和参数优化,电子束能量达到100 MeV以上,能散小于1%,归一化发射度小于30 mm·mrad。     

直线加速器中的非线性空间电荷效应和发射度增长

直线加速器中束团的非线性空间电荷效应是引起发射度增长的重要原因之一.根据计算在屏蔽筒中非均匀分布京团的空间电荷效应的普遍方法,推导了直线加速器圆波导中几种非均匀分布束团的非线性场能公式,并给出数值计算结果.讨论了由非线性所引起发射度增长.     

磁压缩器中相干同步辐射对束团品质的影响

在进行束团压缩时,相干同步辐射导致束团能量再分配,这会引入一定类型的非线性,目前普遍认为该非线性会导致束团发射度的急剧增加.本文通过模拟计算发现该结论只在一定条件下成立,同时还发现相干同步辐射引入固定类型的非线性,在特定参数下,该非线性能在一定程度上抵消束团原有的非线性,最终可能对束团品质有改善作用.     

直线加速器中的非线性空间电荷效应和发射度增长

直线加速器中束团的非线性空间电荷效应是引起发射度增长的重要原因之一．根据计算在屏蔽筒中非均匀分布京团的空间电荷效应的普遍方法，推导了直线加速器圆波导中几种非均匀分布束团的非线性场能公式，并给出数值计算结果．讨论了由非线性所引起发射度增长．     

Corkscrew运动影响束流发射度的数值分析

 根据Corkscrew运动的特征,建立了束心Corkscrew运动及其对束流发射度的影响的理论模型,并进行了数值计算,揭示了束心Corkscrew运动造成束流积分发射度增长的一般规律,分析了有关参数对积分发射度的影响。计算结果显示,束心Corkscrew运动是叠加在束心平均偏轴上的一种横向运动,同时也是一种色散效应。虽然束心Corkscrew运动与束心平均偏轴具有很多相同的激励因素,但二者具有截然不同的机理。束流的能散度和初始入射角是Corkscrew运动的两个基本因素,而传输磁场、线圈磁轴倾斜及线圈安装方式对Corkscrew运动的幅度和频率构成较大的影响,并引起束流发射度的增长。只要存在初始入射角、初始入射偏轴或线圈磁轴倾斜中的任何一种因素,就会出现束心偏轴。在数值分析的基础上,针对减小束心Corkscrew运动和束轴的偏心提出了相应的抑制措施。     

Gain of harmonic generation in high gain free electron laser

In a planar undulator employed free electron laser(FEL),each harmonic radiation starts from linear amplification and ends with nonlinear harmonic interactions of the lower nonlinear harmonics and the fundamental radiation.In this paper,we investigate the harmonic generation based on the dispersion relation driven from the coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations,taking into account the effects due to energy spread,emittance,betatron oscillation of electron beam as well as diffraction guiding of the radiation field.A 3D universal scaling function for gain of the linear harmonic generation and a 1D universal scaling function for gain of the nonlinear harmonic generation are presented,which promise rapid computation in FEL design and optimization.The analytical approaches have been validated by 3D simulation results in large range.     

Gain of harmonic generation in high gain free electron laser

In a planar undulator employed free electron laser (FEL), each harmonic radiation starts from linear amplification and ends with nonlinear harmonic interactions of the lower nonlinear harmonics and the fundamental radiation. In this paper, we investigate the harmonic generation based on the dispersion relation driven from the coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations, taking into account the effects due to energy spread, emittance, betatron oscillation of electron beam as well as diffraction guiding of the radiation field. A 3D universal scaling function for gain of the linear harmonic generation and a 1D universal scaling function for gain of the nonlinear harmonic generation are presented, which promise rapid computation in FEL design and optimization. The analytical approaches have been validated by 3D simulation results in large range.     

A proposed method to characterize high harmonic microbunching in EEHG operation of SDUV-FEL

The echo-enabled harmonic generation(EEHG)scheme offers remarkable efficiency for generatinghigh harmonic microbunching with a relatively small energy modulation.A proof of principle experiment of the EEHG scheme has been proposed at the Shanghai deep ultraviolet(SDUV)free electron laser(FEL)facility,where the 4th harmonic of the seed laser is amplified in the 9 m long radiator.To explore the advantages of the EEHG scheme,in this paper,a method of measuring the coherent high harmonic radiation of the radiator is proposed to investigate the electron beam microbunching corresponding to the 10th-20th harmonics of the seed laser.The principle of the proposed method,comparisons with existing methods and the simulation results are presented and discussed.     

三维FEL振荡器的数值模拟

在３８６微机上建立了三维ＦＥＬ单模，多模振荡器模拟程序，并用该程序进行了计算。发现：１．对单模，在足够多的振荡次数的条件下（ａ）非理想入射，发射度，能散度对激光饱和功率的影响程度在一定范围内不显著，而且随输出耦合系数的降低而变弱。在输出耦合为２％时，小程度的非理想入射的饱和功率反而超过正入射；（６）非理想入射对饱和情况下的激光品质的影响也不显著，并随输出耦合系数的降低而变弱。２．对多模，在高输出耦合的情况下，边带将受到抑制而不能增长。非理想入射、发射度都会减慢边带的增长。     

混频＋m腔微波电子枪束流动力学特性

为了使自由电子激光器的电子束注入器具有小的能散，小的横向发射度、高的亮度，本文提出在　腔的微波电子枪中采用混频腔技术，并用解析方法研究了混频加速的　腔方案的动力学特性，所导出的表达式说明此方案能改善束流的纵向和横向粒子动力学性能；为了对比，还借助于ＰＡＲＭＥＬＡ程序对此方案进行了束流动力学模拟，结论与导出的解析表达式结果一致．     

北京大学SASE FEL的参数优化研究

SASEFEL是获得短波长X射线激光的最佳途径,SASEFEL的理论和实验研究是当前FEL研究的热点.本文利用北京大学超导加速器装置提供的电子束,通过解析理论和3D模型的数值模拟方法得到了实现SASEFEL的扭摆器的优化参数,并讨论了电子束的束流品质参数对SASEFEL的饱和长度和功率的影响,对加速器的设计和调试有重要的参考意义.     

光速调管FEL的小信号增益理论

 利用自由电子激光（FEL）纵模统一理论，系统地分析了光速调管FEL的小信号增益理论，并对色散参数Nd、束流能散度和发射度的影响进行了讨论。     

A high-power millimeter-wave sheet beam free-electron laseramplifier

The results of experiments with a short period (9.6 mm) wiggler sheet electron beam (1.0 mm×2.0 cm) millimeter-wave free electron laser (FEL) amplifier are presented. This FEL amplifier utilized a strong wiggler field for sheet beam confinement in the narrow beam dimension and an offset-pole side-focusing technique for the wide dimension beam confinement. The beam analysis herein includes finite emittance and space-charge effects. High-current beam propagation was achieved as a result of extensive analytical studies and experimental optimization. A design optimization resulted in a low sensitivity to structure errors and beam velocity spread, as well as a low required beam energy. A maximum gain of 24 dB was achieved with a 1-kW injected signal power at 86 GHz, a 450-kV beam voltage, 17-A beam current, 3.8-kG wiggler magnetic field, and a 74-period wiggler length. The maximum gain with a one-watt injected millimeter-wave power was observed to be over 30 dB. The lower gain at higher injection power level indicates that the device has approached saturation. The device was studied over a broad range or experimental parameters. The experimental results have a good agreement with expectations from a one-dimensional simulation code. The successful operation of this device has proven the feasibility of the original concept and demonstrated the advantages of the sheet beam FEL amplifier. The results of the studies will provide guidelines for the future development of sheet beam FELs and/or other kinds of sheet beam devices     

高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中电子束流发射度研究

 高平均功率自由电子激光研究中，电子束质量是关键。针对高平均功率自由电子激光目标参数，提出了直流高压连续波光阴极注入器，给出了注入器的束流动力学过程。为了降低输出束流横向发射度，采用特殊结构设计的静电加速腔，加速电压1MV，最大加速梯度10MV/m。用PARMELA程序进行了粒子动力学模拟，电子束束团电荷为0.5nC，束团长度10ps时，注入器输出束流归一化发射度均方根值为5.8mm·mrad。     

Physical design of FEL injector based on the performance-enhanced EC-ITC RF gun

To meet the requirements of high performance THz-FEL (Free Electron Laser), a compact scheme of FEL injector was proposed. A thermionic cathode was chosen to emit electrons instead of a photo-cathode with its complex structure and high cost. The effective bunch charge was improved to ～200 pC by adopting an enhanced EC-ITC (External Cathode Independently Tunable Cells) RF gun to extract micro-bunches; back bombardment effects were almost eliminated as well. Constant gradient accelerator structures were designed to improve energy to ～14 MeV, while the focusing system was applied for emittance suppressing and bunch state maintenance. The physical design and beam dynamics of the key components for the FEL injector were analyzed. Furthermore, start-to-end simulations with multi-pulses were performed using homemade MATLAB and Parmela. The results show that continual high brightness electron bunches with a low energy spread and emittance could be obtained stably.