0.4—3.0Mev质子引起的Ta,Au和Bi的L壳X射线研究

以(?).4—3.0Mev质子轰击Ta,Au和Bi薄靶,测得其L—X射线产生截面.求出了比值L_α/L_(?),L_α/L_β和L_α/L(?).将得到的截面及L-X射线强度比与ECPSSR理论计算值作了比较.     

能量到250MeV质子入射Pb,Bi,Hg反应出射粒子能谱的理论研究

在光学模型、预平衡激子模型、蒸发模型、核内级连、PICK-UP机制等理论的基础上, 对入射能到250MeV质子入射中重核²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb,²⁰⁷Pb,²⁰⁸Pb,²⁰⁹Bi, ¹⁹⁶Hg,¹⁹⁸Hg,¹⁹⁹Hg,²⁰⁰Hg, ²⁰¹Hg,²⁰²Hg和²⁰⁴Hg反应进行了系统的计算, 重点对出射粒子能谱进行了仔细的研究. 结果表明, 能量较高时预平衡反应机制占主导地位, 出射粒子的能谱形状在很大程度上决定于激子模型参数DK和激子态密度, 本文给出了能量相关的单粒子态密度修正经验公式; 考虑了PICK-UP机制后复杂粒子(α,D,T,³He)的能谱有很大改善.     

~(12)C离子引起裂变反应的碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体器测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV~(12)C离子轰击~(169)Tm,~(175)Lu,~(181)Ta,W,Re,pt,~(197)Au,Pb和~(209)Bi裂变反应的碎片角分布.建立在鞍点模型基础上的裂变碎片角分布理论能够很好地解释碎片角分布实验数据.对于不同的可裂变参数Z~2/A,本工作给出了K_0~2随核激发能E的变化趋势.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的(?)_0/(?)_(eff)值与转动液滴模型的计算值做了比较.     

由裂变碎片角分布直接确定全熔合截面σfu

本工作采用固体径迹探测器（天然白云母）测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV¹²C离子轰击¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi等裂变反应碎片角分布。由相当于全部动量转移的裂变事件的碎片角分布统计理论分析直接确定了形成全熔合的临界角动量l_cr,根据锐截止模型计算了全熔合截面σ_fu。结果和按照R.Bass模型计算的全熔合激发函数做了比较。我们还分析了已经发表过的¹⁴N+Pb和¹²C+²³⁸U碎片角分布数据,由对碎片角分布数据理论分析得到的全熔合截面σ_fu和直接测量的结果很好的符合。     

12C离子引起裂变反应的碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体器测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV ¹²C离子轰击¹⁶⁹Tm,¹⁷⁵Lu,¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi裂变反应的碎片角分布.建立在鞍点模型基础上的裂变碎片角分布理论能够很好地解释碎片角分布实验数据.对于不同的可裂变参数Z²/A,本工作给出了K²随核激发能E^*的变化趋势.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的J₀/J_eff值与转动力液滴模型的计算值做了比较.     

p+209Bi核反应微观数据的理论计算

利用光学模型、激光模型、蒸发模型及扭曲波玻恩近似理论,对入射能量从阈能到300MeV,p+²⁰⁹Bi的中子反应截面、剩余核截面、出射粒子的多重数进行了理论计算及分析,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较.同时得到一组能量到50?0MeV与实验数据符合很好的光学势参数.     

17F和18Ne与质子的弹性散射角分布

采用逆运动学方法对放射性核束¹⁷F和¹⁸Ne与质子进行弹性散射实验,得到了实验测量微分截面.用较准确描述放射性核素性质的CH89参数化的光学势为初始光学势,用扭曲波玻恩近似的理论计算程序DWUCK4和自动参数搜索程序ABOD对实验数据进行光学势参数理论拟合,得到了与实验数据相符合的光学势参数.将得到的光学势参数进行分析,得到了17F和18Ne实势相互作用均方根半径分别为3.239fm和3.317fm.     

重离子裂变反应碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器和金硅面垒型半导体探测器测量了¹²C+¹⁸¹Ta,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi以及¹⁴N+Pb裂变反应碎片角分布.还借助于已经发表的若干裂变反应碎片角分布数据,在可裂变参数Z²/A,激发能E和角动量I较宽的范围内,用碎片角分布统计断点模型分析了重离子裂变反应碎片角分布数据.结果表明,统计断点模型能够解释重离子裂变反应碎片角分布.     

分光光度法研究Hg2+与Ag+、Bi3+、Pb2+、Mg2+和Cr3+的绿色析相萃取分离

研究了正丙醇-KBr-水体系析相萃取分离和富集Hg2+的行为及Hg2+与一些金属离子分离的条件.实验表明,在一定条件下,正丙醇-KBr-水体系能使Hg2+与Ag+、Bi3+、Pb2+、Mg2+和Cr3+析相分离.     

质子引起Ta,Au和BiL—亚壳层电离

0.4—2.75Mev能量的质子轰击薄的Ta,Au和Bi的单元素靶。Si(Li)探测器测量L—壳x射线能谱。利用亚壳层荧光产额和Coster-Kronig跃迁率的理论值,得到2S_(1/2)2P_~(1/2)和2P_(3/2)亚壳层电离截面。测量的L—亚壳层电离截面和它们的比与ECPSSR理论预言值进行了比较。     

14MeV中子引起的Pb(n,x)203Hg, W(n,x)182Ta和W(n,x)183Ta的核反应截面测量

利用活化方法测量了14MeV中子引起的Pb(n,x)²⁰³Hg,W(n,x)¹⁸²Ta和W(n,x)¹⁸³Ta的反应截面.中子注量由监督反应⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb给出,中子能量利用⁹⁰Zr(n,2n)^89m+gZr和⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb反应的截面比来确定.     

Small-angle elastic scattering of 14.8 mev neutrons

The 14.8 MeV neutron elastic scattering differential cross sections of U, Pb, Hg, Ta, Sn and Al have been measured for angles extending from 10° down to 1.8° and for U and Pb down to 0.35°. Nuclear cross sections extrapolated to 0° have been compared with the Wick limit. The U nuclear cross sections did not rise as sharply toward 0°, and were not in as serious disagreement with the spherical optical model, as in earlier measurements. The smallest-angle data verified the Schwinger prediction.     

Measurement of the proton total reaction cross section for 159Tb, 181Ta and 197Au between 20 and 48 MeV

Proton total reaction cross sections have been measured for the nuclei ¹⁵⁹Tb, ¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁹⁷Au at seven proton energies between 20 and 48 MeV using an attenuation technique. The experimentally determined energy dependence of the total reaction cross sections is compared with results obtained for black nucleus and optical model calculations.     

Measurement of Cross Sections for Pb(n,x)203Hg,W(n,x)182Ta and W(n,x)183Ta Reactions Induced by 14 MeV Neutrons

The cross sections for Pb(n,x)²⁰³Hg,W(n,x)^l82Ta and W(n,x)¹⁸³Ta reactions have been measured by the activation method. The neutron fluences were determined by the cross sections of ⁹³Nb (n,2n)^92mNb reaction. The neutron energies in the measurements were determined by the cross section ratios of Zr(n,2n)^89m+gZr and Nb(n,2n)^92mNb reactions.     

Evolution of a spallation reaction: experiment and Monte Carlo simulation

Reaction cross sections and production cross sections for neutrons, hydrogen, and helium have been measured for 1.2, 1.8 GeV p+Fe, Ni, Ag, Ta, W, Au, Pb and U and are compared with different intra-nuclear-cascade- combined with evaporation-models. Agreement for neutrons and considerable differences for light charged particles are observed between experiment and calculation as well as between different models. The discrepancies are associated with specific deficiencies in the models. The exclusive data measured with two 4π-detectors for neutron and charged particle detection allowed furthermore a systematic comparison of observables characteristic of different stages of the temporal evolution of a spallation reaction: inelastic collision probability, excitation energy distribution, pre-equilibrium emission, and inclusive production cross sections.     

Analysis of the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radioactive nuclide for the same element

Firstly,according to the regulation of growth and decay of radioactive nuclides produced in reactions,a formula used to calculate the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radioactive nuclide for the same element is deduced,and it is pointed out that the activation formula given in two references is incorrect.Then,as an example,the so-called total activation cross section in one of the two references is analyzed and the correct results of the cross sections of 182W(n,p)182(m+g)Ta,183W(n,p)183Ta and 206Pb(n,a)203Hg induced by neutrons around 14 MeV calculated with the data given in the literature,the nuclear parameters and some evaluated values are given.Finally,the correct results are compared with other values collected in the literature.     

600MeV ~(18)O+~(nat)Pb(厚靶)系统生成Hg同位素独立产额测量(Ⅱ)结果与分析

报道了600MeV（18）O轰击（nat）Ph（厚靶）生成的质量数在180—209之间的Hg同位素产物独立截面的测量结果．通过与600MeV质子轰击天然铅靶生成Hg同位素产额分布的比较，讨论了几个质量区段Hg同位素的生成机制．测量结果也与相对论重离子碎裂反应双质子移出道的产额分布进行了比较．结果表明，中能重离子与中子较富集靶核组成的反应系统对生成丰中子类靶余核具有较明显的优势．     

Ep≤63 GeV 质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟(英文)

加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS) 液态Pb-Bi 散裂靶的设计中,需要可靠的理论计算工具精确地预言几个GeV 能量范围的质子引起的散裂反应产生的各种粒子和核素。利用蒙特卡罗模拟软件包Geant4 计算研究了800 MeV至3 GeV 质子入射铅、铋材料引起的中子产生双微分截面。比较了Geant4 不同物理模型得到的模拟结果与现有的实验数据。其中,Geant4 的QGSP BERT和QGSP INCL ABLA 物理模型模拟结果很好地再现了实验数据。本工作证实了Geant4 蒙特卡罗模拟软件包适合用于能量高达3 GeV 的质子入射铅、铋引起的中子产生双微分截面的模拟计算。A detailed design of the liquid Pb-Bi spallation target of the Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) requires powerful and reliable computational tools that can accurately predict particles and nuclides production by the proton induced spallation reactions in the energy range of a few GeV. In this paper, the neutron production double-differential cross sections for Pb and Bi target materials at incident proton kinetic energies between 800 MeV and 3 GeV are studied by calculations with Monte Carlo simulation package Geant4. The simulated results of Geant4 with several physics models are compared with available experimental data. The simulated results generated by QGSP BERT and QGSP INCL ABLA physics models of Geant4 well reproduce the available experimental data. The present results validated that Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package is suitable for simulations of neutron production double-differential cross sections of proton induced reaction on Pb and Bi targets in the incident energy range up to 3 GeV.     

Theoretical Calculations of Microscopic Nuclear Reaction Data for p+209Bi in Energy Region up to 300MeV

Based on nuclear reaction models, i.e., the optical model, evaporation model, exciton model and the direct reaction theory, cross sections of (p,xn) reactions and residual nuclei productions for p+²⁰⁹Bi reaction were calculated in energy region from threshold up to 300MeV and a set of proton optical potential parameters for ²⁰⁹Bi up to 500MeV were obtained. The direct inelastic cross sections were calculated with the distorted wave Born approximation theory. Theoretical results show that the direct inelastic cross sections of about 550mb are reasonable.