On interpolation of bilinear operators

In this paper we study interpolation of bilinear operators between products of Banach spaces generated by abstract methods of interpolation in the sense of Aronszajn and Gagliardo. A variant of bilinear interpolation theorem is proved for bilinear operators from corresponding weighted c₀ spaces into Banach spaces of non-trivial the periodic Fourier cotype. This result is then extended to the spaces generated by the well-known minimal and maximal methods of interpolation determined by quasi-concave functions. In the case when a maximal construction is generated by Hilbert spaces, we obtain a general variant of bilinear interpolation theorem. Combining this result with the abstract Grothendieck theorem of Pisier yields further results. The results are applied in deriving a bilinear interpolation theorem for Calderón-Lozanovsky, for Orlicz spaces and an embedding interpolation formula for (E,p)-summing operators.     

Two new properties of ideals of polynomials and applications

In this paper we introduce two properties for ideals of polynomials between Banach spaces and showhow useful they are to deal with several a priori different problems. By investigating these properties we obtain, among other results, new polynomial characterizations of L_∞ spaces and characterizations of Banach spaces whose duals are isomorphic to f 1 (Λ).     

Bad normed spaces, convexity properties, separated sets

Some years ago, a parameter-denoted by A₁(X)-was defined in real Banach spaces. In the same setting, several years before, a notion called Q-convexity had been defined. Studying these two notions seems to be rather awkward and up until now this has not been done in deep.Here we indicate some properties and connections between these two parameters and some other related ones, in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. We also consider another notion, a natural extension of Q-convexity, and we discuss the case when A₁(X) attains its maximum value. The spaces where this happens can be considered as ”bad” since they cannot have several properties which are usually considered as nice (like uniform non-squareness or P-convexity).     

Genericity and amalgamation of classes of Banach spaces

We study universality problems in Banach space theory. We show that if A is an analytic class, in the Effros-Borel structure of subspaces of C([0,1]), of non-universal separable Banach spaces, then there exists a non-universal separable Banach space Y, with a Schauder basis, that contains isomorphs of each member of A with the bounded approximation property. The proof is based on the amalgamation technique of a class C of separable Banach spaces, introduced in the paper. We show, among others, that there exists a separable Banach space R not containing L¹(0,1) such that the indices β and rND are unbounded on the set of Baire-1 elements of the ball of the double dual R∗∗ of R. This answers two questions of H.P. Rosenthal.We also introduce the concept of a strongly bounded class of separable Banach spaces. A class C of separable Banach spaces is strongly bounded if for every analytic subset A of C there exists Y∈C that contains all members of A up to isomorphism. We show that several natural classes of separable Banach spaces are strongly bounded, among them the class of non-universal spaces with a Schauder basis, the class of reflexive spaces with a Schauder basis, the class of spaces with a shrinking Schauder basis and the class of spaces with Schauder basis not containing a minimal Banach space X.     

Uniqueness of complex structure and real hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces

There exists a real hereditarily indecomposable Banach space X=X(C) (respectively X=X(H)) such that the algebra L(X)/S(X) is isomorphic to C (respectively to the quaternionic division algebra H).Up to isomorphism, X(C) has exactly two complex structures, which are conjugate, totally incomparable, and both hereditarily indecomposable. So there exist two Banach spaces which are isometric as real spaces but totally incomparable as complex spaces. This extends results of J. Bourgain and S. Szarek [J. Bourgain, Real isomorphic complex Banach spaces need not be complex isomorphic, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 96 (2) (1986) 221-226; S. Szarek, On the existence and uniqueness of complex structure and spaces with “few” operators, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 293 (1) (1986) 339-353; S. Szarek, A superreflexive Banach space which does not admit complex structure, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 97 (3) (1986) 437-444], and proves that a theorem of G. Godefroy and N.J. Kalton [G. Godefroy, N.J. Kalton, Lipschitz-free Banach spaces, Studia Math. 159 (1) (2003) 121-141] about isometric embeddings of separable real Banach spaces does not extend to the complex case.The quaternionic example X(H), on the other hand, has unique complex structure up to isomorphism; other examples with a unique complex structure are produced, including a space with an unconditional basis and non-isomorphic to l₂. This answers a question of S. Szarek in [S. Szarek, A superreflexive Banach space which does not admit complex structure, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 97 (3) (1986) 437-444].     

Characterization of reflexivity by equivalent renorming

A new rotundity property of Day's norm on c₀(Γ) is introduced. This property provides in particular a renorming characterization of the class of all reflexive Banach spaces.     

Vector-valued multiparameter singular integrals and pseudodifferential operators

We consider multiparameter singular integrals and pseudodifferential operators acting on mixed-norm Bochner spaces Lp₁,…,pN(Rn₁×?×RnN;X) where X is a UMD Banach space satisfying Pisier's property (α). These geometric conditions are shown to be necessary. We obtain a vector-valued version of a result by R. Fefferman and Stein, also providing a new, inductive proof of the original scalar-valued theorem. Then we extend a result of Bourgain on singular integrals in UMD spaces with an unconditional basis to a multiparameter situation. Finally we carry over a result of Yamazaki on pseudodifferential operators to the Bochner space setting, improving the known vector-valued results even in the one-parameter case.     

Compactness by the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness

In the present paper, we establish some identities or estimates for the operator norms and the Hausdorff measures of noncompactness of certain operators given by infinite matrices that map an arbitrary BK-space into the sequence spaces c₀, c, ?_∞ and ?₁, and into the matrix domains of triangles in these spaces. Furthermore, by using the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness, we apply our results to characterize some classes of compact operators on the BK-spaces.     

The estimates of all homogeneous expansions for a subclass of biholomorphic mappings which have parametric representation in several complex variables

In this paper, we obtain the estimates of all homogeneous expansions for a subclass of biholomorphic mappings which have parametric representation on the unit ball of complex Banach spaces.Meanwhile, we also establish the estimates of all homogeneous expansions for the above generalized mappings on the unit polydisk in C~n. Especially, the above estimates are only sharp for biholomorphic starlike mappings and starlike mappings of order α under restricted conditions. Our derived results generalize many known results.     

Lindelöf type of generalization of separability in Banach spaces

We will introduce the countable separation property (CSP) of Banach spaces X, which is defined as follows: X has CSP if each family E of closed linear subspaces of X whose intersection is the zero space contains a countable subfamily E₀ with the same intersection. All separable Banach spaces have CSP and plenty of examples of non-separable CSP spaces are provided. Connections of CSP with Marku?evi?-bases, Corson property and related geometric issues are discussed.     

Factoring operators over Hilbert-Schmidt maps and vector measures

We study the structure of Banach spaces X determined by the coincidence of nuclear maps on X with certain operator ideals involving absolutely summing maps and their relatives. With the emphasis mainly on Hilbert-space valued mappings, it is shown that the class of Hilbert—Schmidt spaces arises as a ‘solution set’ of the equation involving nuclear maps and the ideal of operators factoring through Hilbert—Schmidt maps. Among other results of this type, it is also shown that Hilbert spaces can be characterised by the equality of this latter ideal with the ideal of 2-summing maps. We shall also make use of this occasion to give an alternative proof of a famous theorem of Grothendieck using some well-known results from vector measure theory.     

Spaceability in Banach and quasi-Banach sequence spaces

Let X be a Banach space. We prove that, for a large class of Banach or quasi-Banach spaces E of X-valued sequences, the sets E-?_q∈Γ?_q(X), where Γ is any subset of (0,∞], and E-c₀(X) contain closed infinite-dimensional subspaces of E (if non-empty, of course). This result is applied in several particular cases and it is also shown that the same technique can be used to improve a result on the existence of spaces formed by norm-attaining linear operators.     

Chain conditions and weak topologies

We study conditions on Banach spaces close to separability. We say that a topological space is pcc if every point-finite family of open subsets of the space is countable. For a Banach space E, we say that E is weakly pcc if E, equipped with the weak topology, is pcc, and we also consider a weaker property: we say that E is half-pcc if every point-finite family consisting of half-spaces of E is countable. We show that E is half-pcc if, and only if, every bounded linear map E→c₀(ω₁) has separable range. We exhibit a variety of mild conditions which imply separability of a half-pcc Banach space. For a Banach space C(K), we also consider the pcc-property of the topology of pointwise convergence, and we note that the space Cp(K) may be pcc even when C(K) fails to be weakly pcc. We note that this does not happen when K is scattered, and we provide the following example:

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There exists a non-metrizable scattered compact Hausdorff space K with C(K) weakly pcc.

     

The lattice of closed ideals in the Banach algebra of operators on certain Banach spaces

Very few Banach spaces E are known for which the lattice of closed ideals in the Banach algebra of all (bounded, linear) operators on E is fully understood. Indeed, up to now the only such Banach spaces are, up to isomorphism, Hilbert spaces and the sequence spaces c₀ and ?_p for 1?p<∞. We add a new member to this family by showing that there are exactly four closed ideals in for the Banach space E?(⊕?₂ⁿ)_c0, that is, E is the c₀-direct sum of the finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces ?₂¹,?₂²,…,?₂ⁿ,… .     

Ergodic Banach spaces

We show that any Banach space contains a continuum of non-isomorphic subspaces or a minimal subspace. We define an ergodic Banach space X as a space such that E₀ Borel reduces to isomorphism on the set of subspaces of X, and show that every Banach space is either ergodic or contains a subspace with an unconditional basis which is complementably universal for the family of its block-subspaces. We also use our methods to get uniformity results. We show that an unconditional basis of a Banach space, of which every block-subspace is complemented, must be asymptotically c₀ or ?_p, and we deduce some new characterisations of the classical spaces c₀ and ?_p.     

On the weak topology of Banach spaces over non-archimedean fields

It is known that within metric spaces analyticity and K-analyticity are equivalent concepts. It is known also that non-separable weakly compactly generated (shortly WCG) Banach spaces over R or C provide concrete examples of weakly K-analytic spaces which are not weakly analytic. We study the case which totally differs from the above one. A general theorem is provided which shows that a Banach space E over a locally compact non-archimedean non-trivially valued field is weakly Lindelöf iff E is separable iff E is WCG iff E is weakly web-compact (in the sense of Orihuela). This provides a non-archimedean version of a remarkable Amir-Lindenstrauss theorem.     

Extreme differences between weakly open subsets and convex combinations of slices in Banach spaces

We show that every Banach space containing isomorphic copies of _c0$c_0$ can be equivalently renormed so that every nonempty relatively weakly open subset of its unit ball has diameter 2 and, however, its unit ball still contains convex combinations of slices with diameter arbitrarily small, which improves in an optimal way the known results about the size of this kind of subsets in Banach spaces.     

Isometries between spaces of homogeneous polynomials

We derive Banach-Stone theorems for spaces of homogeneous polynomials. We show that every isometric isomorphism between the spaces of homogeneous approximable polynomials on real Banach spaces E and F is induced by an isometric isomorphism of E^′ onto F^′. With an additional geometric condition we obtain the analogous result in the complex case. Isometries between spaces of homogeneous integral polynomials and between the spaces of all n-homogeneous polynomials are also investigated.