共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
热漏、内不可逆性和传热规律对卡诺热泵最优性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1引言有限时间热力学研究的基本模型为内可逆模型,而实际装置往往存在热漏、摩擦、涡流等不可逆损失。本文基于一种普遍传热规律qOC凸(T)n,建立了包括上述不可逆因素的不可逆模型,导出热泵供热率与供热系数的最佳特性关系。该关系包括不同传热规律和不同损失项的模型下的多种结果。2不可逆热泵模型考虑工作于两恒温热源问的定常态流热泵,其循环满足如下条件:(1)该循环由两个等温过程和两个绝热过程组成,这四个过程一般为不可逆。(2)传热是在有限温差下进行。设高、低温侧热源和工质工作温度分别为:TH、TL、THC、TLC,这… 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
有限大低温热源混合工质节流制冷循环特性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过深入分析和比较各种单级压缩混合工质节流制冷循环在低温热源为有限大热源时的热力学性能,揭示了不同循环型式之间的内在热力学关系,阐明了该类节流制冷机能够实现深度制冷的内在原因是利用了制冷机的内部热交换来减少节流制冷机所固有的节流过程的不可逆损失,并用实验进行了验证。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
有机朗肯循环(ORC)是将中低品位能源转化为有用功的有效途径。传热过程不可逆损失大是导致ORC系统效率低的重要原因,基于混合工质的有机闪蒸循环(OFC)可以同时优化蒸发器和冷凝器换热过程的温度匹配,有望进一步提升ORC系统效率。本文选取R245ca/cyclopentane、pentane/isohexane等4种混合工质,通过热力学分析对比了200℃的饱和水为热源驱动下的混合工质ORC和OFC性能,获得了混合工质质量分数和热源出口温度对系统效率的影响。发现降低热源温度能显著提高OFC系统效率,而ORC系统存在最优热源出口温度。优化热源出口温度后,混合工质OFC系统效率能与ORC系统相当甚至在一定质量分数范围内超越ORC系统,其中,混合工质neopentane/cyclopentane质量分数为0.6时,OFC最高效率达到46.87%。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
This paper deals with the performance analysis and optimization for irreversible heat pumps working on reversed Brayton cycle
with constant-temperature heat reservoirs by taking exergetic efficiency as the optimization objective combining exergy concept
with finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). Exergetic efficiency is defined as the ratio of rate of exergy output to rate of exergy
input of the system. The irreversibilities considered in the system include heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side
heat exchangers and non-isentropic losses in the compression and expansion processes. The analytical formulas of the heating
load, coefficient of performance (COP) and exergetic efficiency for the heat pumps are derived. The results are compared with
those obtained for the traditional heating load and coefficient of performance objectives. The influences of the pressure
ratio of the compressor, the allocation of heat exchanger inventory, the temperature ratio of two reservoirs, the effectiveness
of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers and regenerator, the efficiencies of the compressor and expander, the ratio of hot-side
heat reservoir temperature to ambient temperature, the total heat exchanger inventory, and the heat capacity rate of the working
fluid on the exergetic efficiency of the heat pumps are analysed by numerical calculations. The results show that the exergetic
efficiency optimization is an important and effective criterion for the evaluation of an irreversible heat pump working on
reversed Brayton cycle. 相似文献
12.
An improved irreversible closed modified simple Brayton cycle model with one isothermal heating process is established in this paper by using finite time thermodynamics. The heat reservoirs are variable-temperature ones. The irreversible losses in the compressor, turbine, and heat exchangers are considered. Firstly, the cycle performance is optimized by taking four performance indicators, including the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless power density, and dimensionless ecological function, as the optimization objectives. The impacts of the irreversible losses on the optimization results are analyzed. The results indicate that four objective functions increase as the compressor and turbine efficiencies increase. The influences of the latter efficiency on the cycle performances are more significant than those of the former efficiency. Then, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization, and three different decision methods are used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier. The results show that the dimensionless power density and dimensionless ecological function compromise dimensionless power output and thermal efficiency. The corresponding deviation index of the Shannon Entropy method is equal to the corresponding deviation index of the maximum ecological function. 相似文献
13.
Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load. 相似文献
14.
15.
An irreversible combined Carnot cycle model using ideal quantum gases as a working medium was studied by using finite-time thermodynamics. The combined cycle consisted of two Carnot sub-cycles in a cascade mode. Considering thermal resistance, internal irreversibility, and heat leakage losses, the power output and thermal efficiency of the irreversible combined Carnot cycle were derived by utilizing the quantum gas state equation. The temperature effect of the working medium on power output and thermal efficiency is analyzed by numerical method, the optimal relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is solved by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the effects of different working mediums on the optimal power and thermal efficiency performance are also focused. The results show that there is a set of working medium temperatures that makes the power output of the combined cycle be maximum. When there is no heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are parabolic-like ones, and the internal irreversibility makes both power output and efficiency decrease. When there is heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are loop-shaped ones, and the heat leakage loss only affects the thermal efficiency of the combined Carnot cycle. Comparing the power output of combined heat engines with four types of working mediums, the two-stage combined Carnot cycle using ideal Fermi-Bose gas as working medium obtains the highest power output. 相似文献
16.
Maximum power output of a class of irreversible non-regeneration heat engines with non-uniform working fluid, in which heat
transfers between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs obey the linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝ Δ(T
−1)], are studied in this paper. Optimal control theory is used to determine the upper bounds of power of the heat engine for
the lumped-parameter model and the distributed-parameter model, respectively. The results show that the maximum power output
of the heat engine in the distributed-parameter model is less than or equal to that in the lumped-parameter model, which could
provide more realistic guidelines for real heat engines. Analytical solutions of the maximum power output are obtained for
the irreversible heat engines working between constant temperature reservoirs. For the irreversible heat engine operating
between variable temperature reservoirs, a numerical example for the lumped-parameter model is provided by numerical calculation.
The effects of changes of reservoir’s temperature on the maximum power of the heat engine are analyzed. The obtained results
are, in addition, compared with those obtained with Newtonian heat transfer law [q ∝ Δ(T)]. 相似文献
17.
18.
摩擦对空气标准Diesel循环功率效率特性的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
1前言自Novikov(1957),Chambadait1957)和Curzon-Ahlborn(1975)将传热过程引入卡诺热机循环研究,开创有限时间热力学理论后,截止96年9月已有八百余篇有关文献发表,包括专著七部,有关进展见综述文献>3I。对mesel循环的有限时间热力学分析也已取得了一些进展。Hoffman等N用最优控制理论优化Diesel循环的活塞运动规律,AIZ。nblld等和本文作者将活塞式加热气缸中活塞最优运动规律用到了内燃机循环分析中;Orlov等导出了内燃机的功率效率极限,Klein,Blank等和本文作者问考虑了传热对Diesel循环特性的影响。除了热漏(传热)… 相似文献
19.
Monica Costea Stoian Petrescu Michel Feidt Catalina Dobre Bogdan Borcila 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(5)
An irreversible Carnot cycle engine operating as a closed system is modeled using the Direct Method and the First Law of Thermodynamics for processes with Finite Speed. Several models considering the effect on the engine performance of external and internal irreversibilities expressed as a function of the piston speed are presented. External irreversibilities are due to heat transfer at temperature gradient between the cycle and heat reservoirs, while internal ones are represented by pressure losses due to the finite speed of the piston and friction. Moreover, a method for optimizing the temperature of the cycle fluid with respect to the temperature of source and sink and the piston speed is provided. The optimization results predict distinct maximums for the thermal efficiency and power output, as well as different behavior of the entropy generation per cycle and per time. The results obtained in this optimization, which is based on piston speed, and the Curzon–Ahlborn optimization, which is based on time duration, are compared and are found to differ significantly. Correction have been proposed in order to include internal irreversibility in the externally irreversible Carnot cycle from Curzon–Ahlborn optimization, which would be equivalent to a unification attempt of the two optimization analyses. 相似文献