The Kauffman bracket skein as an algebra of observables

We prove that the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a cylinder over a surface with boundary, defined over complex numbers, is isomorphic to the observables of an appropriate lattice gauge field theory.

     

Multiplicative structure of Kauffman bracket skein module quantizations

We describe, for a few small examples, the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a surface crossed with an interval. If the surface is a punctured torus the result is a quantization of the symmetric algebra in three variables (and an algebra closely related to a cyclic quantization of )). For a torus without boundary we obtain a quantization of ``the symmetric homologies" of a torus (equivalently, the coordinate ring of the -character variety of ). Presentations are also given for the four-punctured sphere and twice-punctured torus. We conclude with an investigation of central elements and zero divisors.

     

Estimating a skein module with characters

We introduce a new technique for estimating the number of generators of the Kauffman bracket skein module of a three manifold; one which requires the construction of linear functionals on a simpler version of the module. Of particular interest is the use of representations of the fundamental group into to generate the functionals.

     

加厚环面中标架环链的约化多项式

研究加厚环面中的标架环链.给出标架环链在Kauffman尖括号拆接代数中的表达式.利用Gro\"{o}bner基理论,我们从上述表达式中得到标架环链的约化多项式,该多项式是标架环链的同痕不变量且可计算.     

On Rational Knots and Links in the Solid Torus

We introduce the notion of rational links in the solid torus. We show that rational links in the solid torus are fully characterized by rational tangles, and hence by the continued fraction of the rational tangle. Furthermore, we generalize this by giving an infinite family of ambient isotopy invariants of colored diagrams in the Kauffman bracket skein module of an oriented surface.     

A finite set of generators for the Kauffman bracket skein algebra

If F is a compact orientable surface it is known that the Kauffman bracket skein module of has a multiplicative structure. Our central result is the construction of a finite set of knots which generate the module as an algebra. We can then define an integer valued invariant of compact orientable 3-manifolds which characterizes . Received November 27, 1995; in final form September 29, 1997     

Kauffman bracket skein module of a connected sum of 3-manifolds

We show that for the Kauffman bracket skein module over the field of rational functions in variable A, the module of a connected sum of 3-manifolds is the tensor product of modules of the individual manifolds. Received: 12 January 1998 / Revised version: 15 September 1999     

On the Kauffman skein modules

 Let k be a subring of the field of rational functions in α, s which contains α ^±1 ,s ^±1 . Let M be a compact oriented 3-manifold, and let K(M) denote the Kauffman skein module of M over k. Then K(M) is the k-module freely generated by isotopy classes of framed links in M modulo the Kauffman skein relations. In the case of , the field of rational functions in α, s, we give a basis for the Kauffman skein module of the solid torus and a basis for the relative Kauffman skein module of the solid torus with two points on the boundary. We then show that K(S ¹ × S ² is freely generated by the empty link, i.e., . Received: 20 October 2001 / Revised version: 20 March 2002     

Minimal projective resolutions

In this paper, we present an algorithmic method for computing a projective resolution of a module over an algebra over a field. If the algebra is finite dimensional, and the module is finitely generated, we have a computational way of obtaining a minimal projective resolution, maps included. This resolution turns out to be a graded resolution if our algebra and module are graded. We apply this resolution to the study of the -algebra of the algebra; namely, we present a new method for computing Yoneda products using the constructions of the resolutions. We also use our resolution to prove a case of the ``no loop' conjecture.

     

Traces on the skein algebra of the torus

For a surface F, the Kauffman bracket skein module of F×[0,1], denoted K(F), admits a natural multiplication which makes it an algebra. When specialized at a complex number t, nonzero and not a root of unity, we have Kt(F), a vector space over C. In this paper, we will use the product-to-sum formula of Frohman and Gelca to show that the vector space Kt(T²) has five distinct traces. One trace, the Yang-Mills measure, is obtained by picking off the coefficient of the empty skein. The other four traces on Kt(T²) correspond to the four singular points of the moduli space of flat SU(2)-connections on the torus.     

Rings of SL2( $\Bbb{C}$ )-characters and the Kauffman bracket skein module

Let M be a compact orientable 3-manifold. The set of characters of SL ₂()-representations of forms a closed affine algebraic set. We show that its coordinate ring is isomorphic to a specialization of the Kauffman bracket skein module, modulo its nilradical. This is accomplished by realizing the module as a combinatorial analog of the ring in which tools of skein theory are exploited to illuminate relations among characters. We conclude with an application, proving that a small manifold's specialized module is necessarily finite dimensional. Received: April 18, 1996     

Invariants of B-Type Links Via an Extension of the Kauffman Bracket

We construct invariants of solid torus links ( -type invariants) generalizing the Kauffman bracket. These invariants give us expressions of statistical sums in some special cases. Bibliography: 29 titles.     

A skein action of the symmetric group on noncrossing partitions

We introduce and study a new action of the symmetric group \({\mathfrak {S}}_n\) on the vector space spanned by noncrossing partitions of \(\{1, 2,\ldots , n\}\) in which the adjacent transpositions \((i, i+1) \in {\mathfrak {S}}_n\) act on noncrossing partitions by means of skein relations. We characterize the isomorphism type of the resulting module and use it to obtain new representation-theoretic proofs of cyclic sieving results due to Reiner–Stanton–White and Pechenik for the action of rotation on various classes of noncrossing partitions and the action of K-promotion on two-row rectangular increasing tableaux. Our skein relations generalize the Kauffman bracket (or Ptolemy relation) and can be used to resolve any set partition as a linear combination of noncrossing partitions in a \({\mathfrak {S}}_n\)-equivariant way.     

The Mod 2 Kauffman Bracket Skein Module of Thickened Torus

Framed links in thickened torus are studied. We define the mod 2 Kauff-man bracket skein module of thickened torus and give an expression of a framed link in this module. From this expression we propose a new ambient isotopic invariant of framed links.     

Classification of quasifinite modules over Lie algebras of matrix differential operators on the circle

We prove that an irreducible quasifinite module over the central extension of the Lie algebra of -matrix differential operators on the circle is either a highest or lowest weight module or else a module of the intermediate series. Furthermore, we give a complete classification of indecomposable uniformly bounded modules.

     

The Kanenobu-Miyazawa conjecture and the Vassiliev-Gusarov skein modules based on mixed crossings

We show that a Brunnian link of components and the component trivial link share the same first coefficients of the Jones-Conway (Homflypt) polynomial (answering the question of Kanenobu and Miyazawa). We prove also the similar result for the Kauffman polynomial of Brunnian links. We place our solution in the context of Vassiliev-Gusarov skein modules based on mixed singular crossings.

     

Quantum deformations of fundamental groups of oriented -manifolds

We compute two-term skein modules of framed oriented links in oriented -manifolds. They contain the self-writhe and total linking number invariants of framed oriented links in a universal way. The relations in a natural presentation of the skein module are interpreted as monodromies in the space of immersions of circles into the -manifold.

     

Tabulation of Prime Knots in Lens Spaces

Using computational techniques, we tabulate prime knots up to five crossings in the solid torus and the infinite family of lens spaces \(L(p,q)\). For these knots, we calculate the second and third skein module and establish which prime knots in the solid torus are amphichiral. Most knots are distinguished by the skein modules. For the handful of cases where the skein modules fail to detect inequivalent knots, we calculate and compare the hyperbolic structures of the knot complements. We were unable to resolve a handful of 5-crossing cases for \(p\ge 13\).     

The Yang-Mills measure in the Kauffman bracket skein module

For each closed, orientable surface , we construct a local, diffeomorphism invariant trace on the Kauffman bracket skein module . The trace is defined when |t| is neither 0 nor 1, and at certain roots of unity. At t = − 1, the trace is integration against the symplectic measure on the SU(2) character variety of the fundamental group of . Received: June 2, 2000