气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法测定ABS木塑材料中十溴二苯醚

建立了索氏提取和超声萃取前处理方式,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)木塑材料中十溴二苯醚(DecaBDE)的分析方法。通过正交实验分析提取溶剂、样品质量和提取时间三个因素的显著性,并优化了参数。在优化条件下,索氏提取和超声萃取法的平均回收率均大于80%,精密度均小于10%。经F检验和T检验显著性统计,两种前处理方法的精密度和准确度不存在差异。相对于传统的索氏提取法,超声萃取法具有操作简单、溶剂用量少和省时的特点,可以较好地应用于木塑材料中十溴二苯醚检测。     

超声-索氏萃取-重量法测定土壤中总石油烃含量

采用正交实验设计,分别对超声萃取法(UE)和超声-索氏萃取法(USE)测定土壤中总石油烃(TPH)的影响因素进行分析,获得优化条件。采用以上两种方法及传统的索氏萃取法(SE)对新鲜石油污染土、微生物修复土和老化植物修复土进行提取。结果表明:超声萃取法的优化条件为选用15mL三氯甲烷,萃取4次;超声-索氏萃取法的优化条件为60W超声萃取10min,萃取剂用量125mL,萃取6h;超声-索氏萃取法平均回收率最高,为102.98%,且数据稳定可靠;其次是超声萃取法,为99.69%;而传统的索氏萃取法最低,为97.31%。研究证明超声-索氏分析法在缩短测定时间的同时提高了回收率,可作为不同土壤中总石油烃(TPH)含量测定的新方法。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定食品塑料包装材料中的邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯

建立了气相色谱–质谱法检测食品塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯含量的分析方法。比较了水浴振荡提取法、超声提取法、索氏提取法和微波辅助萃取法对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明,在微波辅助萃取条件下,样品中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯的检出限为0.02 mg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.58%～1.74%(n=5),加标回收率为89.0%～98.4%。该方法具有操作快速简便、精密度好、检出限低和准确度高等优点,适用于食品塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯含量的测定。     

基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法测定大青叶中靛玉红

将基质固相分散提取技术应用于大青叶中靛玉红的提取。对分散剂和洗脱溶剂等实验因素进行了考察和优化。结果表明,以硅胶为分散剂,甲醇为洗脱溶剂时,靛玉红的提取效果最好。实验采用高效液相色谱对提取液进行分析。线性范围为0.0151~12.5μg·mL-1,线性相关系数0.9999。方法的精密度小于3.2%。平均回收率为93.97%~100.9%。将优化的方法与索氏和超声提取法进行了对比,结果表明,由MSPD获得的靛玉红产率与索氏法获得的相当。建立的方法快速,适合分析大青叶中的靛玉红。     

微波间歇萃取-分光光度法测定三七中总皂苷

本文建立了采用微波辅助间歇提取三七样品中的总皂苷,并以分光光度法测定其含量的实验方法。分别通过单因素实验和正交实验设计,优化了萃取溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、微波功率和微波辐射时间等提取条件,确定了微波辅助萃取法提取三七中皂苷类化合物的最佳条件为:使用浓度为60%的乙醇,在液固比100∶1的条件下,以255 W的微波功率,微波间歇萃取10×20 s。在上述最优条件下进行了精密度和回收率实验,加入回收率在97.7%~101.8%之间,RSD为1.54%(n=5)。与传统的索氏提取法和超声波提取法比较,微波辅助萃取法具有操作简便,宽速,重现性好等特点,实验结果表明此方法可推广应用于各类中草药中总皂苷的含量测定。     

水体中合成麝香检测方法的研究进展

合成麝香被广泛应用于个人护理产品和生活用品中,在环境中的污染程度呈逐年上升的趋势,准确测定环境中合成麝香的含量具有重要意义。综述了水体中合成麝香的前处理方法(包括固相萃取法、固相微萃取法、液液萃取法、液液微萃取法、索氏提取法、超声辅助提取法、加速溶剂萃取法和QuEChERS等)和仪器分析方法(包括气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-串联质谱法、高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法和新型荧光光谱法等),并对相关研究领域的发展趋势进行了展望(引用文献52篇)。     

快速溶剂萃取柚皮中的黄酮类化合物

采用快速溶剂萃取法从柚子皮中提取出黄酮类化合物,考察了不同的提取溶剂、提取时间、提取温度、循环次数等提取条件下的提取效果,并与微波法、超声波法及索氏提取法进行了对比.结果表明,快速溶剂萃取法提取柚子皮中的黄酮类化合物,在提取溶剂用量、提取时间和提取效率等方面,均优于传统的提取方法,且自动化程度高,为进一步开发利用柚子皮的药用价值提供了参考.     

土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃分析技术研究进展

综述了近年来土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃分析技术的研究进展。重点阐述了索氏提取、超声波提取法、加速溶剂萃取法、微波辅助萃取法、超临界流体萃取法、固相微萃取法、柱层析法、固相萃取法、凝胶渗透色谱法等前处理技术和气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法和超高效液相色谱法等分析方法,并展望了未来发展的趋势(引用文献71篇)。     

中药大黄中蒽醌的微波辅助流动萃取研究

利用微波辅助流动萃取法提取大黄中的蒽醌类化合物，考察了微波提取条件(包括溶剂浓度、微波辐射功率、溶剂提升量)对大黄中葸醌提取率的影响，采用分光光度法测定提取液中蒽醌的含量．结果表明溶剂为60%乙醇，提升量为4mL／min，微波功率为80％时，提取效率最佳．微波辅助流动萃取法与超声波法和索氏提取法相比，具有提取效率高，时间短且节能的良好特点．     

气相色谱法测定芝麻中有机氯农药残留量

提出了超声波辅助提取-浓硫酸净化-气相色谱法测定芝麻中多种有机氯农药残留量的方法。在保证足够的准确度、精密度和灵敏度的前提下,对提取溶剂和超声辅助提取的条件进行了优化实验。选择石油醚-丙酮(7∶3,V/V)在40±2℃水浴中超声提取40 min,用浓硫酸净化,各种有机氯农药的回收率在83.4%~109.2%之间,RSD为1.01%~6.21%。该方法消耗溶剂少,能较好用于实际样品分析。     

紫草中活性成分的非极性溶剂动态微波提取及高效液相色谱法测定

用非极性溶剂动态微波辅助提取,高效液相色谱法测定紫草中的紫草素和β,β′-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素.考察了微波吸收介质类型、提取溶剂种类、提取溶剂流速、微波功率和样品粒度对提取产率的影响,优化提取参数.在优化条件下,将所建立的方法与超声提取和索氏提取相比,所得紫草素和β,β′-二甲基丙烯酰紫草素的产率相差不大,但本文所建立的方法所需提取时间短(5min)、溶剂消耗少(10mL).与极性溶剂动态微波辅助提取相比,提取产率大幅度提高.结果说明,所建立的方法是一种有效的提取中草药中一些活性成分的方法,特别是对于一些在非极性溶剂中有更高溶解度的化合物,此方法更具优势.     

Ultrasonic solvent extraction of organochlorine pesticides from soil

Ultrasonic solvent extraction of the organochlorine pesticides (OCP) including α-, β-, γ- and Δ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, aldrin, o,p′-DDE, dieldrin, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, methoxychlor, mirex from soil is reported. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the solvent type, amount of solvent, duration of sonication and number of extraction steps. Determination of pesticides was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture detection (ECD). Twice ultrasonic extraction using 25 mL of a mixture of petroleum ether and acetone (1/1 v/v) for 20 min of sonication showed satisfactory extraction efficiency. Recoveries of pesticides from fortified soil samples are over 88% for three different fortification levels between 15 and 200 μg kg⁻¹, and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are generally below 6%. Real soil samples were analyzed for OCP residues by optimized ultrasonic solvent extraction and shake-flask as well as soxhlet extraction technique. Investigated all extraction methods showed comparable extraction efficiencies. Optimized ultrasonic solvent extraction is the most rapid procedure because the use of time in ultrasonic extraction was considerably reduced compared to shake-flask and soxhlet extraction.     

Microwave extraction of phthalate esters from marine sediment and soil

Summary As part of an on-going ASEAN⁺⁾-Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science, microwave-assisted solvent extraction has been employed for the extraction of six phthalate esters from marine sediment and soil samples. Five of the six esters studied are among the United States Environmental Protection Agency's list of top priority pollutants. The effects of extraction solvent, extraction temperature, duration of extraction and extraction volume on the mean recoveries of the six phthalate esters were quantitatively evaluated by means of an analysis of variance, followed by testing the differences among the level means for each condition with least significant difference method. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction allowed comparable or higher recoveries of the six phthalate esters (70.1–91.0%) in comparison with conventional soxhlet (65.5–89.5%) and sonication (64.6–88.6%). The precision of results by microwave-assisted solvent extraction was improved significantly compared to the conventional techniques. The microwave extraction system has many advantages over the soxhlet and sonication extraction, e.g., no laborious clean-up procedure, lower usage of hazardous organic solvent, and larger sample throughput. The technique has been employed for the analysis of native marine sediment and soil samples in Singapore.     

液相色谱测定土壤中4种硝基苯胺类化合物

建立了索氏提取-液相色谱-紫外检测器(SE-HPLC-UV vis)测定土壤中4种硝基苯胺同系物的方法。在以Hypersil BDS C18为色谱柱,55%甲醇为流动相,流速1 mL/min,检测波长230 nm时,4种物质可以在10 min内实现良好分离。对于索氏提取,本研究指出,采用二氯甲烷作为提取剂,能极大地消除HPLC-UV vis检测中的背景干扰。在单因素实验的基础上,得出最佳的提取条件如下:温度55℃,时间8h,提取剂用量60 mL。方法回收率>90%,RSD在1.9%～4.1%之间。     

微波萃取气相色谱法测定淀粉中14种有机氯农药残留

建立了淀粉中14种有机氯农药:六六六及滴滴涕的4种异构体、五氯硝基苯、四氯硝基苯、四氯苯胺、五氯苯胺、腐霉利、甲基五氯苯基硫醚(MPCPS)的微波辅助和气相色谱分析方法.优化了气相色谱检测条件,考察了提取方法、萃取条件、净化条件对提取效果的影响.目标农药在20～200 μg/kg范围内线性良好,平均回收率在68%～10...     

不同基质中有机氯农药提取技术及发展趋势

该文根据各种基质特点及其中有机氯农药的分布特点,对不同介质中有机氯农药的提取方法进行了归纳.着重介绍了不同基质中有机氯农药提取方法,如均质法、固相萃取法、索氏提取法、基质固相分散法、加速溶剂萃取法、超临界流体提取法、超声波提取法和微波辅助提取法等.通过详细实例,总结了上述提取方法的优缺点,并对有机氯农药提取方法做了展望...     

烟叶中油分的萃取方法研究

比较了烟叶中油分的萃取方法,分别采用超声、索氏、ASE加速溶剂和CO2超临界萃取方法萃取烟叶中的油分,萃取物再经硅胶氧化铝柱分离成3种不同极性的馏分,馏分使用气相色谱分离,质谱鉴定结构.在同时考虑萃取率和萃取物组成成分的基础上最终选择索氏萃取.通过对萃取溶剂和萃取时间进行单因素试验,确定了最佳萃取条件为:萃取溶剂三氯甲烷,萃取时间16 h.方法所得组分全面,有利于后期卷烟配方的调整与设计.     

An efficient diethyl ether-based soxhlet protocol to quantify faecal sterols from catchment waters

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and reproducibility of a diethyl ether-based soxhlet extraction procedure for faecal sterols occurring from catchment waters. Water samples spiked with a mixture of faecal sterols were filtered and analytes were extracted using the diethyl ether-based soxhlet method and the Bligh and Dyer chloroform extraction process. For diethyl ether-based soxhlet extraction procedure, solvent extracts were saponified with 100 microL of 10% KOH in methanol (100 degrees C/120 min) and then acidified with 60 microL of 6M HCl. Lipid contents were extracted by ethanol (0.5 mL) from the saponification products. The lipid extracts were then reacted with 100 microL of bis(trimethyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) containing 1% trimethyl chlorosilane (100 degrees C/60 min) to form the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The derivatised extracts were then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For sterol concentrations ranging from 35 to 175 microg mL(-1), the soxhlet-based extraction process yielded the following recovery efficiencies for coprostanol (101%), epicoprostanol (97%), cholesterol (97%), dihydrocholesterol (97%) and 5alpha-cholestane (111%), whereas the Bligh and Dyer process yielded recoveries of 32, 41, 0, 36 and 51%, respectively. The results suggested that the diethyl ether-based soxhlet extraction method was more efficient and reproducible than the Bligh and Dyer chloroform extraction process for the analyses of trace levels of faecal sterols from water samples. Moreover, it was revealed that the diethyl ether-based soxhlet extraction method used less solvent and was logistically easier.     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定塑料桌布中的邻苯二甲酸酯

采用快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法(ASE-GC/MS)和超声波萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法(USE-GC/MS)测定了塑料桌布中的邻苯二甲酸酯.结果表明:ASE-GC/MS的测量精度优于USE-GC/MS,后者测量值大约为前者的五分之四;ASE-GC/MS的回收率为89.0%～95.5%,相对标准偏差为4.3%～1...