溶液法制备全有机P3HT光电探测器

基于场效应晶体管(FET)结构的光电探测器能通过栅压抑制噪声信号并具有光电信号放大的功能。有机半导体材料已经被广泛应用到光敏晶体管中,全有机探测器对于实现大面积器件制备、降低成本及柔性器件具有十分重大的意义。然而,多层有机聚合物的成膜,必须避免在溶液制备过程中的溶剂腐蚀问题。实验中,采用顶栅底接触(TGBC)FET结构及正交溶剂(orthogonal solvent)的方法,以乙酸丁酯作为聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)的溶剂,避免对聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)有源层的破坏,成功制备了性能优良的全有机光电探测器Au(源漏极)/P3HT(150 nm)/PMMA(800 nm)/Al(栅极),其开/关电流比达到103,迁移率达810-3 cm2V-1s-1。该器件对350~650 nm的光照均有响应,在0.1 mW/cm2光照下其明/暗电流比达75。在600 nm光照下,其最大响应度达到0.28 A/W,其响应度变化趋势与P3HT的吸收光谱情况相似。     

快速响应的垂直结构二维钙钛矿光电探测器

制备基于二维钙钛矿(PEA)₂(MA)₄Pb₅I₁₆[PEA为C₆H₅(CH₂)NH₃, MA为CH₃NH₃]的垂直结构光电探测器,当二维钙钛矿薄膜厚度为280 nm时,器件的亮电流最大,500 nm处外量子效率达到90%,响应率达到0.37 A/W,探测率达到3.4×10¹² Jones(1 Jones=1 cm·Hz^1/2/W)。当二维钙钛矿薄膜厚度减小时,器件的响应时间没有持续减小,而在其厚度为80 nm时器件的响应时间最短,这是受载流子渡越时间和钙钛矿薄膜质量双重影响下的结果。在二维钙钛矿薄膜厚度为80 nm的基础上,通过减小器件的有效面积,其最终实现了113 ns的响应时间。本工作对推动低成本快速响应光电探测器的发展有着重要意义。     

等离子体增强型ZnO基纳米线异质结阵列光电探测器

低维ZnO基光电探测器具有高响应性和高光子吸收能力。然而,ZnO较窄的吸收范围以及较低的光生载流子寿命限制了低维ZnO材料在光电子学中的潜在应用。该研究展示了一种零维(0D)金属纳米等离子体增强氧化锌纳米线(ZnO)-硒化锌(ZnSe)异质结阵列的新型光电探测器。与基于单纯ZnO纳米线阵列的探测器件比较表明,该探测器具有优异的光电响应性能。在可见光作用下,该器件的响应度和平均上升(下降)时间分别为1.7 mA/W和1.812 ms (1.803 ms),在10 h连续测试中表现出优异的稳定性,为开发高性能光电探测器提供了一种低成本、可规模化的方法,有望在可穿戴设备、光通信系统、环境传感器等多方面得到应用。     

基于低温ALD氧化锌/钙钛矿复合膜的光电探测器

以原子层低温沉积技术(ALD)制备的氧化锌(ZnO)作为薄膜晶体管载流子传输层,将其与光电敏感性极高的CsPbBrI₂全无机钙钛矿薄膜复合进一步研制出光电晶体管用于光电探测。氧化锌薄膜晶体管可在150℃低温条件下制备且无需高温退火,同时,CsPbBrI₂钙钛矿薄膜也可以在低温工艺下制备。结果显示,CsPbBrI₂/ZnO光电探测器表现出较好的性能,可对365 nm至600 nm波长的光辐射有光响应。在500 nm波长的光照射下,最大响应度和探测率分别可达2×10³A/W和3×10¹⁴Jones。CsPbBrI₂/ZnO光电晶体管的瞬态响应显示出250 ms的上升时间和200 ms的下降时间,并且在长时间测量后瞬态行为保持不变。     

基于石墨烯的光电探测器研究进展

基于石墨烯的光电探测器具有响应度高、检测波段范围大和精确度高的特点。综述了石墨烯光电探测器的最新研究进展。针对紫外波段、可见光波段和红外波段三种类型的光电探测器,介绍了典型的基于石墨烯的七种光电探测器。分析了七种光电探测器的基本结构、工作原理和响应度等特性,并进行了对比分析。最后,展望了石墨烯光电探测器的未来发展趋势。     

ZnO光电导紫外探测器的制备和特性研究

以Si(111)衬底,用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法制得C轴高度择优取向的ZnO薄膜,并利用剥离技术制备了ZnO光导型紫外探测器.Al叉指状电极是由平面磁控溅射技术沉积得到的.对Al/ZnO/Al的伏安特性和紫外光响应的研究表明,金属铝和ZnO能形成很好的欧姆接触,紫外探测器的电阻值在100KΩ左右.在紫外区域,其5V偏压下的光响应度为0.5A/W.     

硅基650nm增强型光电探测器

通过在硅PIN结构的基础上进行改进,采用硅P＋PIN结构,研制出650nm增强型光电探测器。详细介绍了器件结构设计和制作工艺。对器件响应度、暗电流和响应速度等参数进行计算与分析。实验结果表明,器件响应度达0.448A/W（λ=650nm）,暗电流达到0.1nA（VR=10V）,上升时间达到3.2ns。     

全无机钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜光电探测器

为改善有机-无机铅卤钙钛矿的空气稳定性,采用高温热注入法合成了两种不同尺寸的全无机钙钛矿CsPbBr3纳米晶。由于晶粒尺寸对纳米晶薄膜电学性能具有决定性的作用,研究了CsPbBr3纳米晶尺寸对薄膜光电导探测器光电响应性能的影响。结果表明:纳米片薄膜的光电流是纳米立方块薄膜的100倍,归结于二维CsPbBr3纳米片薄膜更少的晶界导致了更长的载流子扩散长度。对性能更加优异的纳米片薄膜光电探测器进行了全面的性能评价,低的噪声等效功率和高的归一化探测率表明其具有优异的弱光探测能力。     

2D Derivative Phase Induced Growth of 3D All Inorganic Perovskite Micro–Nanowire Array Based Photodetectors

A large number of derivative phases in inorganic perovskites are reported with special structures and extraordinary performances in photoelectronic device applications. The reverse phase transition between derivative phases and perovskites usually induces recrystallization or forms mixed components. In this work, derivative phase‐induced growth of the CsPbBr₃ micro–nanowire (MW) array by utilizing phase transition of the 2D CsPb₂Br₅ phase is reported. Owing to its layered structure and phase transition, annealing of CsPb₂Br₅ at a temperature of 550 °C combined with solvent quenching leads to a templating effect to form a high‐quality CsBr MW array. Subsequent PbBr₂ deposition and the second annealing are employed to form aligned CsPbBr₃ MW arrays. Based on this method, a CsPbBr₃ MW array‐based photodetector is fabricated. The large grain size, less grain boundaries, and lower surface potential of the CsPbBr₃ MW array lead to high device performance with a responsivity of 7.66 A W^?1, a detectivity of ≈10¹² Jones, and long‐term operational stability over 1900 min.     

Semitransparent,Flexible, and Self‐Powered Photodetectors Based on Ferroelectricity‐Assisted Perovskite Nanowire Arrays

Transparent and flexible photodetectors hold great promise in next‐generation portable and wearable optoelectronic devices. However, most of the previously reported devices need an external energy power source to drive its operation or require complex fabrication processes. Herein, designed is a semitransparent, flexible, and self‐powered photodetector based on the integrated ferroelectric poly(vinylidene‐fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and perovskite nanowire arrays on the flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate via a facile imprinting method. Through optimizing the treatment conditions, including polarization voltage, polarization time, and the concentration of P(VDF‐TrFE), the resulting device exhibits remarkable detectivity (7.3 × 10¹² Jones), fast response time (88/154 µs) at zero bias, as well as outstanding mechanical stability. The excellent performance is attributed to the efficient charge separation and transport originating from the highly oriented 1D transport pathway and the polarization‐induced internal electric field within P(VDF‐TrFE)/perovskite hybrid nanowire arrays.     

Stable α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanowire Arrays with Preferential Crystallographic Orientation for Highly Sensitive Photodetectors

All‐inorganic metal‐halide perovskites CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) exhibit higher stability than their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts, but the thermodynamically instable perovskite α phase at room temperature of CsPbI₃ restricts the practical optoelectronic applications. Although the stabilization of α‐CsPbI₃ polycrystalline thin films is extensively studied, the creation of highly crystalline micro/nanostructures of α‐CsPbI₃ with large grain size and suppressed grain boundary remains challenging, which impedes the implementations of α‐CsPbI₃ for lateral devices, such as photoconductor‐type photodetectors. In this work, stable α‐CsPbI₃ perovskite nanowire arrays are demonstrated with large grain size, high crystallinity, regulated alignment, and position by controlling the dewetting dynamics of precursor solution on an asymmetric‐wettability topographical template. The correlation between the higher photoluminescence (PL) intensity and longer PL lifetime indicates the nanowires exhibit stable α phase and suppressed trap density. The preferential (100) orientation is characterized by discrete diffraction spots in grazing incidence wide‐angle scattering patterns, suggesting the long‐range crystallographic order of these nanowires. Based on these high‐quality nanowire arrays, highly sensitive photodetectors are realized with a responsivity of 1294 A W^?1 and long‐term stability with 90% performance retention after 30‐day ambient storage.     

Giant Optical Anisotropy of Perovskite Nanowire Array Films

Polarizers play a key role in generating polarized light for display, imaging, and data communication, but adoption often suffers from high optical loss. Recently, due to superior optoelectronic properties, halide perovskites have been widely developed for lighting applications; however, highly polarized emission (polarization degree >0.8) has not yet been realized with perovskites. Herein, by incorporating inkjet printing and an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) confinement strategy, highly ordered perovskite nanowire (NW) arrays are demonstrated for anisotropic optical applications. The optical device based on perovskite NW arrays reveals a high photoluminescence external quantum efficiency of 21.6% and emits highly polarized light with polarization degree up to 0.84. The highly polarized emission from perovskite NW arrays has potential to considerably reduce the optical loss of polarizers, which may attract great interest in developing polarized light sources for next‐generation optoelectronic applications.     

单向载流子传输光电探测器模拟

用Atlas软件对单向载流子传输光电探测器(uni-traveling-carrier photodetector,UTC-PD)进行了模拟,研究了器件的基本工作原理,着重讨论了器件性能与外延层结构的关系.设计出的UTC-PD可同时具有高的响应度(≥0.18A/W)和宽的3dB带宽(≥100GHz).与传统的pin光电探测器相比简化了前端电路结构,降低了噪声,节约了成本,可以应用于超高速光互联.     

Ultrahigh‐Performance Flexible and Self‐Powered Photodetectors with Ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE)/Perovskite Bulk Heterojunction

Flexible and self‐powered perovskite photodetectors attract widespread research interests due to their potential applications in portable and wearable optoelectronic devices. However, the reported devices mainly adopt an independent layered structure with complex fabrication processes and high carrier recombination. Herein, an integrated ferroelectric poly(vinylidene‐fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and perovskite bulk heterojunction film photodetector on the polyethylene naphthalate substrate is demonstrated. Under the optimum treatment conditions (the polarization voltage and time, and the concentration of P(VDF‐TrFE)), the photodetector exhibits a largely enhanced performance compared to the pristine perovskite device. The resulting device exhibits ultrahigh performance with a large detectivity (1.4 × 10¹³ Jones) and fast response time (92/193 µs) at the wavelength of 650 nm. The improved performance is attributed to the fact that the polarized P(VDF‐TrFE)/perovskite hybrid film provides a stronger built‐in electric field to facilitate the separation and transportation of photogenerated carriers. These findings provide a new route to design self‐powered photodetectors from the aspect of device structure and carrier transport.     

钙钛矿太阳电池吸收层制备工艺

有机/无机杂化钙钛矿太阳电池因具有高光吸收系数、高转换效率以及低制备成本等优点引起了科学界的广泛关注.综述了近年来有机/无机杂化钙钛矿吸收层几种制备工艺的研究进展,重点分析了目前应用较为广泛且制备工艺相对简单的一步溶液法和两步连续沉积法的工艺条件对钙钛矿薄膜质量及太阳电池光伏性能的影响,并详细介绍了几种制备工艺存在的主要问题及其调控的研究现状.此外,对后续工艺中的有机空穴传输材料及其溶剂、添加剂对钙钛矿太阳电池稳定性的影响及其调控的研究现状进行了简要阐述.为更好地提高钙钛矿太阳电池的效率和长期稳定性,制备工艺的优化和创新是未来钙钛矿太阳电池发展的趋势.     

p-i-n结构GaN光电探测器性能的研究

近年来,可见盲与太阳盲光电探测器在火灾监控、太空通信和导弹尾焰探测等方面的应用引起了越来越多的关注。由于氮化镓(GaN)是直接宽带隙半导体材料,所以成为了在可见区与紫外区的光电器件的首选材料,而p-i-n结构的器件因其响应度高、暗电流低、便于集成等优点倍受人们的青睐。采用金属有机气相外延(MOCVD)法制备了p-i-n结构的GaN紫外光电探测器。在此基础上,采用N2气氛下热退火处理的方法,提高了p型GaN层的载流子浓度,从而降低了器件的暗电流。器件在1 V偏压下,暗电流仅为65 pA。器件在1 V偏压下的最大响应度值出现在361 nm处,大小为0.92 A/W。     

AlGaN基PIN光电探测器的模型与模拟

在漂移扩散方程的基础上建立了AlGaN p-I-n光电探测器的物理模型,分析了多种结构AlGaN p-I-n光电探测器的光谱响应,并讨论了AlGaN/GaN异质结界面极化效应对太阳盲区p-GaN/I-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaN倒置异质结结构p-I-n光电探测器(inverted heterostructure photodetectors,IHPs)UV/Solar选择比(280nm与320nm响应度之比)的影响．结果表明：优化p层是提高器件光谱响应的有效途径;为获得较高的UV/Solar选择比,光伏模式(零偏压)为太阳盲区p-GaN/I-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaN IHPs的最佳工作模式;在光伏模式下考虑极化效应影响时,Ga面p-GaN/I-Al0.33Ga0.67N/n-GaN IHPs器件的UV/Solar选择比可达750,与Tarsa等人报道的三个量级的实验结果基本一致．     

偏振发光的钙钛矿纳米线薄膜

偏振发光薄膜在液晶显示中有潜在的应用,可有效降低能耗。制备偏振发光薄膜的关键在于对发光材料进行有序的取向。以各向异性的CsPbBr₃纳米线为发光材料,使用偏心旋涂法对其进行取向并制备偏振发光薄膜。采用荧光光谱仪测试薄膜的偏振度,使用扫描电镜观察纳米线的取向形貌。通过改变偏心旋涂的基底、纳米线分散液的浓度和溶剂组分来优化纳米线薄膜的取向,获得了良好的荧光偏振度。