金离子掺杂对二氧化钛光催化性能的影响

利用高压钠灯作光源,在Au^3+-TiO2悬浮溶液中,通过紫外-可见吸光度与TOC测定证实亚甲基蓝能被快速脱色降解。金离子掺杂可大大提高TiO2的光催化活性,金离子的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.5%。通过表征催化剂的晶型,化学组成,荧光光谱,紫外-可见吸收光谱,电场诱导表面光电压谱,提示金离子改性的机理,紫外-可见吸收光谱证实金离子掺杂可增强催化剂在可见光区域的吸收能力,由于产生金杂质能级,金离子改性TiO2能被可见光激发。适量的金杂质能降低催化剂的荧光发射强度与电场诱导表面光电压谱强度。根据不同金离掺杂摩尔分数,荧光发射强度与电场诱导表面光电压谱强度从弱到强的排序与光催化活性比强到弱的排序是一致的。     

Visible light active platinum-ion-doped TiO2 photocatalyst

Platinum-ion-doped TiO2 (Pt(ion)-TiO2) was synthesized by a sol-gel method, and its visible light photocatalytic activities were successfully demonstrated for the oxidative and reductive degradation of chlorinated organic compounds. Pt(ion)-TiO2 exhibited a yellow-brown color, and its band gap was lower than that of undoped TiO2 by about 0.2 eV. The flat band potential of Pt(ion)-TiO2 was positively shifted by 50 mV compared with that of undoped TiO2. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the Pt ions substituted in the TiO2 lattice were present mainly in the Pt(IV) state with some Pt(II) on the sample surface. Pt(ion)-TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than undoped TiO2 under UV irradiation as well. The visible light activity of Pt(ion)-TiO2 was strongly affected by the calcination temperature and the concentration of Pt ion dopant, which were optimal at 673 K and 0.5 atom %, respectively. Under visible irradiation, Pt(ion)-TiO2 degraded dichloroacetate and 4-chlorophenol through an oxidative path and trichloroacetate via a reductive path. The activity of Pt(ion)-TiO2 was not reduced when used repeatedly under visible light. However, visible-light-illuminated Pt(ion)-TiO2 could not degrade substrates such as tetramethylammonium and trichloroethylene, which are degraded with UV-illuminated TiO2. The characteristics and reactivities of Pt(ion)-TiO2 as a new visible light photocatalyst were investigated in various ways and discussed in detail.     

A novel photoanode architecture of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 hollow sphere/nanorod array double-layer film

A novel TiO(2) double-layer (DL) film consisting of TiO(2) hollow spheres (HSs) as overlayer and single-crystalline TiO(2) nanorod arrays (RAs) as underlayer was designed as the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This new-typed TiO(2) HS/RA DL film could significantly improve the efficiency of DSSCs owing to its synergic effects, i.e. the relatively large specific surface area of TiO(2) HSs for effective dye adsorption, enhanced light harvesting capability originated from TiO(2) RA film, and rapid interfacial electron transport in one-dimensional TiO(2) nanorod arrays. The overall energy-conversion efficiency of 4.57% was achieved by the formation of TiO(2) DL film, which is 16% higher than that formed by TiO(2) HS film and far larger than that formed by TiO(2) RA film (η=0.99%). The light absorption and interfacial electron transport, which play important roles in the efficiency of DSSCs, were investigated by UV-vis absorption spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra.     

Sodium ion conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membrane for sodium ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The paper reports effect of dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofiller on the sodium ion conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membranes...     

异质结型AgI/AgBr/TiO2催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

首先以沉积-沉淀法制备AgBr/TiO₂复合催化剂,然后采用离子交换法制备出新型的异质结型AgI/AgBr/TiO₂光催化剂.利用XRD和UV-Vis对AgI/AgBr/TiO₂光催化剂进行了表征.以甲基橙为染料模型,在可见光条件下(500 W、λ>420 nm)研究了AgI的含量对AgI/AgBr/TiO₂催化活性的影响.结果表明,AgI拓展了催化剂的吸收光谱范围;AgI生成量为AgBr的5%时,AgI/AgBr/TiO₂的催化活性最高.AgI/AgBr异质结的形成有利于光生电子和空穴的分离,提高AgI/AgBr/TiO₂的催化活性.     

Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of electron transfer from alizarin to the hydrated Ti4+ ion

Ab initio real-time nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed in order to investigate the photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from alizarin to the hydrated Ti4+ ion and compare it with the ET into bulk TiO2 that forms the basis of the Gr?tzel type solar cell. The experimental data and electronic structure calculations indicate that the photoexcitation spectra of alizarin attached to either bulk TiO2 or the Ti4+ ion in solution are very similar. In contrast, the NAMD simulations at ambient temperature predict marked differences between the ET dynamics that follow the photoexcitation in the two systems. The simulation of ET between alizarin and the TiO2 surface shows predominantly adiabatic transfer that occurs within 8 fs (Duncan et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7941), in agreement with the time-resolved experimental data. The simulation of alizarin attached to the hydrated Ti4+ ion reported presently predicts that the ET does occur, but on a slower 30 fs time scale, with a substantially reduced amplitude and by a predominantly NA mechanism. The differences are attributed to the disparity in the acceptor states of bulk TiO2 and the Ti4+ ion in solution. It is shown that the predicted alizarin-Ti4+ ET dynamics can be verified experimentally.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO branches selectively on TiO2 nanorod tips with improved light harvesting performance

A seeded heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO nanorods selectively on TiO(2) nanorod tips was achieved by restricting crystal growth on highly hydrophobic TiO(2) nanorod film surfaces. Intriguing light harvesting performance and efficient charge transport efficiency has been found, which suggest potential applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.     

非金属元素掺杂及三维花状多级结构对介孔TiO_2可见光催化性能的促进作用

分别以尿素和葡萄糖为氮源和碳源,在温和条件下合成了具有三维花状多级结构的氮/碳掺杂二氧化钛.研究了非金属元素掺杂及三维花状多级结构对介孔TiO_2可见光催化性能的促进作用,结果表明,二者在增强TiO_2在可见光区域的吸收和提高TiO_2材料的光催化活性方面起到了协同促进的作用.     

Cobalt Ion-Doped TiO(2) Photocatalyst Response to Visible Light

Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was generated by doping a small amount of Co(2+) ions into TiO(2) particles. Nanometer-sized particles with the composition xCoO-(100-x) TiO(2) (xCo/TiO(2); 0300 nm) light irradiation but also induced the visible light (lambda>400 nm) response. The highest photocatalytic activities were obtained at x=0.03 for both irradiations. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

氟离子对TiO2/膨润土光催化降解酸性桃红的影响

研究了在紫外光照射下, 添加氟离子对P25(锐钛矿)和TiO2/膨润土光催化降解酸性桃红(SRB)的影响. 紫外可见光谱测定结果表明无氟的反应体系, pH值越小, 光降解速率越快; pH值固定, 添加氟离子越多, 反应速率越快, 在TiO2/膨润土催化剂上, 当氟离子浓度达到一定程度时, 反应速率不再变化. 在P25和TiO2/膨润土催化剂上, 添加氟离子对H2O2的产生量影响不同, 通过电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术探测到了超氧自由基和羟基自由基, 这两个体系添加氟离子对其产生强度影响不同, 这可能是因为TiO2/膨润土催化剂为层状结构, BET 比表面积较大, 经XRD和TEM测试表明其晶粒直径约为57.9 nm. TiO2/膨润土催化剂连续循环使用11次, 光催化活性基本不变, 这个现象说明TiO2/膨润土催化剂既易于从分散体系中分离出来, 而且其稳定性也好, 它是一个有应用前途的催化剂.     

Quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics simulation of the TiO2+ ion in aqueous solution

Structural and dynamical properties of the TiO(2+) ion in aqueous solution have been investigated by using the new ab initio quantum mechanical charge field (QMCF) molecular dynamics (MD) formalism, which does not require any other potential functions except those for solvent-solvent interactions. Both first and second hydration shell have been treated at Hartree-Fock (HF) quantum mechanical level. A Ti-O bond distance of 1.5 A was observed for the [Ti=O](2+) ion. The first hydration shell of the ion shows a varying coordination number ranging from 5 to 7, five being the dominant one and representing one axial and four equatorial water molecules directly coordinated to Ti, which are located at 2.3 A and 2.1 A, respectively. The flexibility in the coordination number reflects the fast exchange processes, which occur only at the oxo atom, where water ligands are weakly bound through hydrogen bonds. Considering the first shell hydration, the composition of the TiO(2+) hydrate can be characterized as [(H(2)O)(0.7)(H(2)O)(4) (eq)(H(2)O)(ax)](2+). The second shell consists in average of 12 water molecules located at a mean distance of 4.4 A. Several other structural parameters such as radial and angular distribution functions and coordination number distributions were analyzed to fully characterize the hydration structure of the TiO(2+) ion in aqueous solution. For the dynamics of the TiO(2+) ion, different sets of dynamical parameters such as Ti=O, Ti-O(eq), and Ti-O(ax) stretching frequencies and ligands' mean residence times were evaluated. During the simulation time of 15 ps, 3 water exchange processes in the first shell were observed at the oxo atom, corresponding to a mean residence time of 3.6 ps. The ligands' mean residence time for the second shell was determined as 3.5 ps.     

Utilization of photoinduced charge-separated state of donor-acceptor-linked molecules for regulation of cell membrane potential and ion transport

The control of ion transport across cell membranes by light is an attractive strategy that allows targeted, fast control of precisely defined events in the biological membrane. Here we report a novel general strategy for the control of membrane potential and ion transport by using charge-separation molecules and light. Delivery of charge-separation molecules to the plasma membrane of PC12 cells by a membranous nanocarrier and subsequent light irradiation led to depolarization of the membrane potential as well as inhibition of the potassium ion flow across the membrane. Photoregulation of the cell membrane potential and ion transport by using charge-separation molecules is highly promising for control of cell functions.     

Voltammetric study on ion transport across a bilayer lipid membrane in the presence of a hydrophobic ion or an ionophore

This review describes voltammetric studies on ion transport from one aqueous phase (W1) to another (W2) across a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) containing a hydrophobic ion, valinomycin (Val) or gramicidin A (GA). In particular, the ion transport mechanisms are discussed in terms of the distribution of a pair of ions between aqueous and BLM phases. By addition of a small amount of hydrophobic ion into W1 and/or W2 containing a hydrophilic salt as a supporting electrolyte, the hydrophobic ion was distributed into the BLM with the counter ion to maintain electroneutrality within the BLM phase. It was found that the counter ion was transferred between W1 and W2 across the BLM by applying a membrane potential. Facilitated transport of alkali ions across a BLM containing Val as an ion carrier compound, could be interpreted by considering not only the formation of the alkali metal ion–Val complex but also the distribution of both the objective cation and the counter ion. In the case of addition of GA as a channel-forming compound into the BLM, the facilitated transport of alkali ions across the BLM depended on the ionic species of the counter ions. It was discovered that the influence of the counter ion on the facilitated transport of alkali ions across the BLM could be explained in terms of the hydrophobicity and the ionic radius of the counter ion.     

电化学制备异质二氧化钛结构增强其在光电分解水中转化效率（英文）

本文描述了一种利用电化学方法合成第二型异质二氧化钛纳米棒结构的方法,这种纳米棒由部分还原的黑色二氧化钛和原始的白色二氧化钛组成.这种异质结结构的半还原的二氧化钛纳米棒与原始的白色二氧化钛和完全还原的黑色二氧化钛纳米棒相比,展现出更好的光电催化性能.这可归结于这种条件下合成的纳米棒具备的协同作用.一方面,这类结构增强了整个太阳光光谱的利用率.底层的黑色二氧化钛能够大量吸收可见光,而上层的白色二氧化钛能够较好的利用太阳光中紫外光的部分.另一方面,因为形成了第二型异质结结构,电荷的激发分离和传输得到了有效的控制.这种简单的制备方法可进一步拓展合成其他金属氧化物,来进一步研究光电分解水的性能.本文利用传统的三电极系统:0.05 mol/L的硫酸作为电解液,在加–0.5 V的偏压下进行.相比与已报道的还原手段,该电解液中质子的浓度相对比较低,可以保证这个还原过程逐步发生.电化学还原曲线可以明显反映二氧化钛还原的过程,尽管从扫描电子显微镜中很难观察到响应的区别,但是在该过程中,电极片的颜色发生了明显的变化.相应的,我们将这个系列的电极进行了光学和晶体学的研究,发现其在还原过程中,能带能够逐步减小.而在X射线衍测试当中,仅最终完全还原的得到的样品在20度左右出现两个额外的峰,可归结为还原状态的二氧化钛.电化学扫描进一步测试其能带的相应位置,证明了黑色被还原的二氧化钛和白色的原始二氧化钛是同时存在的.最后将这个系列光电极光电催化分解水的性能进行了比较,发现在同等的测试条件下,形成异质结结构的二氧化钛具有最高的光催化效率,其值大约是白色二氧化钛的三倍,同时也比纯黑的二氧化钛增长了20%左右.另外,异质结结构的二氧化钛与黑色的相比,在可见光区域有相同的效率的同时具备更好的紫外光转化效率.最后,我们分析了异质结形成以后的相对应的能带结构,该结构能够更好的促进光吸收和转化.     

Microwave-solvothermal synthesis of various polymorphs of nanostructured TiO2 in different alcohol media and their lithium ion storage properties

The various polymorphs (anatase, rutile, and brookite) of TiO(2) with different nanomorphologies have been synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal process without surfactants, employing TiCl(4) or TiCl(3) as precursors in various alcohol (ethanol, propanol, butanol, and octanol) media. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The Ti/Cl ion concentration, reaction pH, and size of the alcohol molecule are found to control the morphology, crystal structure, and crystallite size of the TiO(2) particles. Among the various TiO(2) polymorphs synthesized, the rutile TiO(2) spheres built up of nanorods that were synthesized with TiCl(4) in octanol have an average pore size and surface area of, respectively, 5 nm and 404 m(2)/g and exhibit the best electrochemical performance with a capacity of >200 mAh/g after 100 cycles and high rate capability. The excellent electrochemical properties originate from the nanorod-building morphology and mesoporosity of TiO(2) spheres that provide good electrical contact, accommodates the strain smoothly, and facilitates facile lithium-ion diffusion.     

A light-regulated synthetic ion channel constructed by an azobenzene modified hydraphile

A light-regulated synthetic ion channel with hydraphile as the channel architecture and azobenzene as the regulation unit was reported. Photoisomerization changes the transmembrane length of the channel, thus results in regulated ion transport     

Ultrathin films of tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine-capped titanium dioxide nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization, and photovoltaic effect

Tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuTsPc)-capped TiO2 nanoparticle ultrathin films were fabricated by a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. Alternating bilayer structures were formed by consecutive adsorption of CuTsPc-capped TiO2 nanoparticles with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). Optical and electrical measurements were carried out to characterize the CuTsPc-capped TiO2 nanoparticle ultrathin films. Optical measurements revealed uniform deposition. The surface morphology of such bilayer films showed a granular morphology similar to other classes of LBL films. Electrical measurements revealed an abnormal phenomenon under white light illumination. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements on such a bilayer system were carried out to elucidate the electron transport processes and the photovoltaic effect.     

Photoinduced dissolution and redeposition of Au nanoparticles supported on TiO2

Au particles (mean size ca. 3 nm) supported on TiO(2) particles were irradiated by UV light (>300 nm) in aqueous solutions at 278 K. Photo-induced dissolution of Au nanoparticles followed by redeposition occurred in aqueous solutions containing halogen ions. The dissolution of Au nanoparticles yielded a Au(III) complex with a halogen ion; subsequent reduction of the Au(III) complex caused precipitation of larger Au particles on TiO(2).     

Hierarchical TiO(2) flowers built from TiO(2) nanotubes for efficient Pt-free based flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A novel hierarchical TiO(2) flower consisting of anatase TiO(2) nanotubes on a Ti foil substrate has been prepared via a mild hydrothermal reaction of TiO(2) nanoparticles/Ti foil. The photovoltaic performance of DSSC based on hierarchical TiO(2) flowers/Ti (7.2%) is much higher than that of TiO(2) nanoparticle/Ti (6.63%) because of its superior light scattering ability and fast electron transport. Moreover, full flexible DSSC based on the novel hierarchical TiO(2) flowers/Ti foil photoelectrode and electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on indium tin oxide-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (ITO-PET) counter electrode shows a significant power conversion efficiency of 6.26%, accompanying a short-circuit current density of 11.96 mA cm(-2), an open-circuit voltage of 761 mV and a fill factor of 0.69.     

Rutile TiO2 nano-branched arrays on FTO for dye-sensitized solar cells

Hierarchical TiO(2) nanostructures would be desirable for preparing dye-sensitized solar cells because of their large amount of dye adsorption and superior light harvesting efficiency, as well as efficient charge separation and transport properties. In this study, rutile TiO(2) nano-branched arrays grown directly on transparent conductive glass (FTO) were prepared by a facile two-step wet chemical synthesis process, using a simple aqueous chemical growth method involving immersing the TiO(2) nanorod arrays in an aqueous TiCl(4) solution as seeds, which were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The dye-sensitized solar cells based on the TiO(2) nano-branched arrays which were only about 3 μm in length show a short-circuit current intensity of 10.05 mA cm(-2) and a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 3.75%, which is nearly three times as high as that of bare nanorod arrays, due to the preferable nanostructure, which not only retains the efficient charge separation and transport properties of the nanorod arrays, but also can improve the amount of dye adsorption due to the increased specific surface area from the nanobranches.