总发光光谱法的研究──偏振─三维荧光光谱法及其应用

本文较系统地研究了散射光对绘制三维荧光光谱的影响，提出偏振－三维荧光光谱法用于消除散射光的影响，获得较真实的三维荧光光谱，进行荧光定性、定量分析，结果令人满意。     

三维荧光光谱法研究蛋白质溶液构象

采用三维荧光光谱法(三维荧光光谱、三维荧光偏振光谱)结合内源荧光探针色氨酸对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡蛋白蛋白(EA)及其在不同条件下的构象变化进行了研究.结果表明,三维荧光光谱法是一种研究蛋白质溶液构象很有效的分析方法,该方法能够较直观地表明色氨酸残基在蛋白质分子中的微环境及其在不同条件下的构象变化,并得出了一些有价值的结果.     

昌黎原产地干红葡萄酒的三维荧光光谱特征研究

应用三维荧光光谱技术,研究了昌黎原产地不同品种和年份葡萄酒的三维荧光光谱特征.研究表明,2005年不同葡萄品种酒样的三维荧光特征峰的数目、位置和强度差异显著,可以区分各个品种酒样;而不同酿造年份的赤霞珠酒样均在λex/λem为A:260/365 nm、B:290/370 nm以及C:325/420 nm附近出现荧光特征峰,三维荧光特征峰出现位置一定,但荧光强度差异显著,可以用于区分各个酒样.因此三维荧光光谱技术能提供葡萄酒的指纹特征,据此可鉴别昌黎原产地不同品种和年份的葡萄酒.     

三维导数荧光光谱总体积积分法同时测定多环芳烃

本文提出了一种运用Monte-Carlo积分求算总荧光强度的三维导数荧光光谱法总体积积分法, 并应用于多环芳烃萘、芘、北的同时测定。结果表明, 三维导数荧光光谱总体积积分法的选择性较三维荧光光谱有进一步的提高, 总体积积分法的灵敏度比常规单点法提高10~20倍。     

三维荧光光谱法表征污水中溶解性有机污染物

采用三维荧光光谱法研究了生活污水中溶解性有机物的荧光特性.基于对污水中腐殖酸类、蛋白质类、表面活性剂类、植物油类等有机物三维荧光特性研究结果,提出了表征污水中有机物种类、组成和含量的三维特征荧光参数:(1)特征荧光强度(Fex/em)表征污水中某一类溶解性有机物含量;(2)特征荧光强度综合指标(各类有机物的特征荧光强度之和,∑Fex/em)表示有机物的综合含量;(3)Fex/em/∑Fex/em表示不同种类有机物所占的比值.与传统有机物综合指标相比,三维特征荧光参数信息丰富、测定迅速、灵敏度高,能够方便地实现对水质的实时在线监测,从而更好地指导污水处理工艺运行、管理和控制,保证处理效果.     

三维荧光光谱的应用研究

本文通过实验探讨了三维荧光光谱在罗丹明B研究中的应用,结果显示,罗丹明B(RhB)三维荧光光谱图较二维荧光光谱图能更详细地描述被测组分的部分性质,可为综合考查罗丹明B的结构特征提供参考。文中还对近年来三维荧光光谱分析技术在不同领域中的应用做了简要介绍。     

原油三维荧光分析中猝灭现象辨析

研究了原油的三维荧光猝灭现象，指出浓度过高是原油产生荧光猝灭的主要原因，将会造成三维荧光等值线图畸变，致使定量分析数据失真，谱图特征变异，难以获取原油特征三维指纹图。提出了避免荧光猝灭的预试方法，并列出了不同类型原油的最佳测试浓度。     

三维荧光光谱法在电化学降解有机污染物过程中的应用

通过三维荧光光谱法对苯胺与二甲苯的有机废水的电化学催化降解过程进行了研究。以三维荧光光谱为手段,探讨了单一底物,混合物,进水pH及反应时间等影响因素对有机物去除效果影响。三维荧光光谱可以直观地监测反应过程,能够很好地反映废水降解过程中有机污染物强度、种类变化过程。方法可用于对各类水处理效果的定性分析、评价。     

喹诺酮药物与血清蛋白相互作用的三维荧光光谱研究

应用三维荧光光谱和三维荧光偏振光谱研究了数种喹诺酮药物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分子间的相互作用。由三维荧光(偏振)光谱得到的指纹信息说明了喹诺酮药物与BSA结合反应对BSA分子构象的影响。通过研究喹诺酮药物发生相互作用前后BSA荧光偏振度及各向异性的变化,定量说明了喹诺酮药物-BSA所发生的结合反应。     

天然水体底质中腐植酸的光谱表征

分别用紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、三维荧光光谱和荧光等高线谱对提取的腐植酸和商品腐植酸进行了表征，并将分析结果与Aldrich和上海试剂二厂生产的腐植酸进行了比较。结果表明：3种底质腐植酸之间以及同商品腐植酸的紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)相似，含有相同类型的官能团。对不同腐植酸的三维荧光光谱和荧光等高线谱的分析表明其在结构上存在一定的差异；腐植酸有较明显的荧光光谱特性，可以尝试使用三维荧光光谱技术来揭示其在结构上的差异。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。