早期成岩作用研究进展及发展方向

早期成岩作用作为一个重要的研究领域受到广泛关注。概括总结了早期成岩作用的主要特点、地质响应和研究思路,介绍了在元素的迁移转化、硫酸盐还原反应、数学模型及微生物成岩等理论领域和多金属结核及早期成岩成矿、环境沉积学、土壤性质评价与改良等应用领域的主要研究进展。早期成岩作用研究具有广阔的发展前景,未来可能在以下3方面快速取得突破:研究区域将进一步扩大,湖泊、三角洲及土壤中的相应研究将得以加强;多层的稳态或非稳态的一维、二维或三维的早期成岩数学模型将得以建立;其研究方法和理论成果将被广泛应用于环境沉积学及环境监测和治理等领域中。     

浅论我国“农民知识化”政策演进、演进逻辑及发展方向

中国是一个农民人口占大多数的国家,严重的问题是教育农民。农民知识化是农民现代化进程中不可或缺的环节。建国以来,农民知识化进程经历了兴起、转向、回归、平稳和拓展五个时期。从演进逻辑来看,农民知识化政策是服从和服务于国家总体目标、在内容和形式上不断完善扩展的。以此为依据,可以窥视到未来中国农民知识化的发展方向。     

丙烯酸盐浆液的研究进展与发展方向

本文介绍了 2 0世纪 70年代以来国内外对丙烯酸盐浆液的研究和应用成果 ,认为丙烯酸盐浆液是一种在防渗性、流变性、粘结强度、毒性方面具有独特性能的防渗型化学浆液。文章对丙烯酸盐浆液研究的发展方向进行了探讨。     

钢包用透气砖的研究与发展方向

综述了透气砖的材质和结构对其抗热震稳定性和抗渣性的影响,以及透气砖在使用性能和损毁机理方面的研究进展,介绍了吹氩工艺对透气砖工作的影响,提出了钢包用透气砖耐火材料的可能的发展方向。     

Experience with moving visual stimuli drives the early development of cortical direction selectivity

The onset of vision occurs when neural circuits in the visual cortex are immature, lacking both the full complement of connections and the response selectivity that defines functional maturity. Direction-selective responses are particularly vulnerable to the effects of early visual deprivation, but it remains unclear how stimulus-driven neural activity guides the emergence of cortical direction selectivity. Here we report observations from a motion training protocol that allowed us to monitor the impact of experience on the development of direction-selective responses in visually naive ferrets. Using intrinsic signal imaging techniques, we found that training with a single axis of motion induced the rapid emergence of direction columns that were confined to cortical regions preferentially activated by the training stimulus. Using two-photon calcium imaging techniques, we found that single neurons in visually naive animals exhibited weak directional biases and lacked the strong local coherence in the spatial organization of direction preference that was evident in mature animals. Training with a moving stimulus, but not with a flashed stimulus, strengthened the direction-selective responses of individual neurons and preferentially reversed the direction biases of neurons that deviated from their neighbours. Both effects contributed to an increase in local coherence. We conclude that early experience with moving visual stimuli drives the rapid emergence of direction-selective responses in the visual cortex.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长6储层成岩作用特征及孔隙度演化研究

利用粒度、物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等实验资料,开展姬塬油田长6储层物性致密成因机理研究。通过成岩作用研究,分析了储层成岩作用的特征,建立了孔隙度演化的数学模型。孔隙度演化计算结果表明,研究区未固结砂岩孔隙度为37.42%,压实过程的孔隙度损失22.13%,早期胶结-交代过程中孔隙度损失3.97%,中晚期胶结-交代过程中孔隙度损失6.76%,溶蚀作用产生的孔隙度为5.56%,计算孔隙度为10.12%。通过对比姬塬油田、华庆油田、安塞油田长6储层孔隙度演化的路径表明,应用孔隙度演化模拟方法寻找相对甜点砂体能获取可靠的科学数据。     

中国小米全谷物食品的研究现状及发展方向

全谷物食品的研究目前主要集中在稻米和全麦等主食领域,全谷物小米的研究开发滞后。基于国内外全谷物的定义及中国实际,提出小米是一种重要的全谷物资源,小米全谷物食品在中国具有很大的发展潜力,分析了中国当前小米加工的现状和存在的问题,展望了小米全谷物食品的发展方向。     

Transformation and diversification in early mammal evolution

Evolution of the earliest mammals shows successive episodes of diversification. Lineage-splitting in Mesozoic mammals is coupled with many independent evolutionary experiments and ecological specializations. Classic scenarios of mammalian morphological evolution tend to posit an orderly acquisition of key evolutionary innovations leading to adaptive diversification, but newly discovered fossils show that evolution of such key characters as the middle ear and the tribosphenic teeth is far more labile among Mesozoic mammals. Successive diversifications of Mesozoic mammal groups multiplied the opportunities for many dead-end lineages to iteratively evolve developmental homoplasies and convergent ecological specializations, parallel to those in modern mammal groups.