共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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文章主要介绍几种蛋白质空间结构的实验测定方法.在现代生物学研究中,最常用的方法包括X射线晶体学、二维核磁共振(2D-NMR)和低温冷冻电镜.近几年发展起来的单分子技术在生物大分子动态结构的研究中应用越来越多.这些方法都有它们特定的时间和空间分辨率,所测定的结构及其动力学受环境热运动涨落的影响也非常不同,文章对这些问题作了较详细的分析.在蛋白质结构的理论方法方面,介绍了一个新的折叠理论及其与现有折叠模型的关系.讨论了模拟计算在研究蛋白质构象变化和动力学方面的应用,同时强调了分子动力学和蒙特卡罗方法.指出粗粒化模型是研究的热点之一,对生物学中经常遇到的多长度多时间尺度问题提供了一个可行的解决方案. 相似文献
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以应用物理学及数学对称性原理为基础,晶体学是一门典型的多学科综合交叉学科。2014年是德国物理学家劳厄(von Laue)因为首次进行X射线穿过矿物晶体得到衍射现象的实验从而荣获1914年诺贝尔物理学奖一百周年纪念,也是联合国教科文组织将2014年确定为"国际晶体学年"的一年。文章简要地回顾了X射线晶体学发展壮大的百年历史,重点展望了结构生物学中最为重要的分支——蛋白质晶体学的发展及前景。特别介绍了中国近年来蛋白质晶体学的快速发展及其在世界上的崛起。最后,以作者所在实验室的一个结构生物学研究课题——Caspase-6的结构与功能研究为例,较为详细地介绍和阐明了蛋白质晶体学在结构生物学研究中的一些实验细节、可能遇到的困难及研究思路,指出了物理学原理及原子水平的动力学性质在进一步阐明蛋白质结构与功能研究中的重要性。 相似文献
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以应用物理学及数学对称性原理基础理论作为坚实的根基,晶体学是一门典型的由多学科综合交叉发展而成的学科。2014年是德国物理学家劳厄(von Laue)因为首次进行X射线穿过矿物晶体得到衍射现象的实验从而荣获1914年诺贝尔物理学奖一百周年纪念,也是联合国教科文组织将2014年确定为“国际晶体学年”的一年。文章简要地回顾了X射线晶体学发展壮大的百年历史,重点展望了结构生物学中最为重要的分支——蛋白质晶体学的发展及前景。特别介绍了中国近年来蛋白质晶体学的快速发展及其在世界上的崛起。最后,以作者所在实验室的一个结构生物学研究课题——Caspase-6 的结构与功能研究为例,较为详细地介绍和阐明了蛋白质晶体学在结构生物学研究中的一些实验细节、可能遇到的困难及研究思路,指出了物理学原理及原子水平的动力学性质在进一步阐明蛋白质结构与功能研究中的重要性。 相似文献
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利用“二态矢量模型”详细研究了高电荷态O7+,N6+离子入射Al表面时中间里德伯态的形成过程,给出了电子被俘获至不同量子数(n A=2-7)的几率,以及电子俘获至里德伯态最可能的离子-表面距离.计算结果表明,较大的主量子数nA对应较小的里德伯态几率,因此O7+,N6+离子入射Al表面时辐射的X射线主要来源于较小的n A至基态的退激.为了验证计算结果,测量了O7+,N6+离子入射Al表面的X射线发射谱,并运用FAC程序计算了不同高里德伯态退激到基态的跃迁能(np–1s).实验测量到O,N的K-X射线峰,其特征峰的中心值接近主量子数n=2至n=1的跃迁能,说明发射的X射线主要来源于2p–1s的跃迁,与“二态矢量模型”理论计算的几率一致. 相似文献
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建立由2D NOESY诺峰强度计算蛋白质溶液构象的实用方法,先用完整弛豫矩阵分析方法程序计算H-H原子间距约束,然后用距离几何算法程序计算出三锥空间结构,再用有约束的分子动力学算法程序结合能量优化程序精化结构,并模拟出该结构的NOESY诺峰强度与实验NOESY谱峰强度对比,经多次迭代计算与精化得到合理稳定的蛋白质构象。用BPTI前30肽晶体结构进行模拟测试,表明本方法是成功可行的。 相似文献
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用XANES实验方法研究Cr的价态 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用改进的XANES(X射线吸收近边结构谱)方法对不同比例Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的酵母制剂进行Cr价态研究,该方法与传统方法的区别是用一个电离室同时进行透射和荧光XANES实验.此实验方法简单,快捷,特别适用于在相同的实验条件下,以一个已知标样为标准,对一系列未知价态样品进行的比较分析.实验结果表明酵母对Cr有很强的还原能力,它几乎能将所有的Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ).Cr的K边XANES谱在掺入酵母剂前后有所变化,说明不同样品中的Cr原子近邻结构有所不同 相似文献
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EPR和NMR自旋标记法研究部分折叠蛋白质构象 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
部分折叠蛋白质的特征是在溶液中有部分二级结构,但是三级结构接触比较松散或者较少,其意义可能是蛋白质折叠过程的中间态,或者有重要的生理功能. 利用EPR和NMR波谱可以表征其构象特征,从而构建其二级结构、三级结构、四级结构以及构象变化的结构模型. 利用分子生物学的点突变技术可以在蛋白质主链上插入1个或2个半胱氨酸残基,然后把顺磁自旋标记物特异地共价结合在半胱氨酸的侧链巯基上来制备自旋标记样品. 位点特异性自旋标记电子顺磁共振(SDSL-EPR)波谱是通过测定2个自旋标记间的偶极相互作用,从而推测2个硝基氧自由基间的距离. 核磁共振(NMR)波谱则是通过测定单个自旋标记中心对周围原子核驰豫效应增强(PRE)的效应,推测出顺磁中心相对于周围原子核的距离. 连续波EPR和NMR自旋标记方法可以测定2.5 nm左右的偶极相互作用距离,属于长程的距离约束,这对于确定部分折叠蛋白质的构象至关重要. 该文将就蛋白质部分折叠态研究的生物学意义,自旋标记方法以及EPR和NMR方法研究其构象特征举例描述. 相似文献
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结合衍射理论和矩阵光学方法得出抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜的光学性能指标(包括其焦距的严格表达式、薄透镜近似的判定准则、透过率和有效孔径,以及极限聚焦光斑尺寸等).采用X射线深度光刻技术实际制作了PMMA材料抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜并给出了工艺测试结果.最后在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)上,实际构建了基于3种不同结构参数的PMMA材料抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜的微束聚焦实验系统.并实际测试了其聚焦性能,均获得了良好的聚焦效果,给出实测结果并对实测结果进行了分析和讨论. 相似文献
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Since the initial introduction of the basic concept almost twenty years ago, two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCoS) has become a popular analytical tool applicable to a broad range of science problems. Vibrational spectroscopy remains the major area of 2DCoS applications where infrared spectroscopy is the most popular technique followed by Raman and Near Infrared spectroscopies. An increasing number of publications over the past few years have established Raman 2DCoS as a powerful problem solving technique in protein studies. In this review we provide a critical survey of recent protein studies using the 2DCoS Raman approach. We also analyze common misconceptions and potential pitfalls in the interpretation of 2D correlation data. Over the past decade, there have been a number of publications pointing to artifacts associated with visualization and interpretation of 2D correlation maps. We demonstrate here how some of the ‘artifacts’ of the 2DCoS approach in ‐ reality turn into the strength of the method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The physical properties of high-purity copper under high pressure were investigated with X-ray diffraction(XRD) using the 3rd generation synchrotron radiation and a diamond anvil cell(DAC) and First-principles calculation using ab-initio simulation program. And they differ 15 % from those reported in the past. The previously reported experimental isothermal bulk moduli for polycrystalline copper and single crystalline copper are 140.2 ± 3.9 GP and 137.6 ± 0.2 GPa respectively, and the theoretical isothermal bulk modulus of copper is 134.6 GPa [1–20]. However, the recently measured bulk moduli of copper are 120.8 ± 4.4 GPa for polycrystal and 120.7 ± 2.1 GPa for single crystal respectively. The difference might mainly come from the purity of copper owing to the development of scientific technology, and the 3-dimensional effect of defects in nearly pure(perfect) crystalline materials was first observed by using DAC and XRD. 相似文献
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We investigate the stability to structural perturbation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin using a previously developed geometric model. Our analysis considers Ru(2,2′,6′,2″-terpyridine)(1,10-phenanthroline)(His83)-labelled wild-type azurin and five variants with mutations to Cu-ligating residues. We find that in the early stages of unfolding, the β-strands exhibit the most structural stability. The conserved residues comprising the hydrophobic core are dislocated only after nearly complete unfolding of the β-barrel. Attachment of the Ru-complex at His83 does not destabilize the protein fold, despite causing some degree of structural rearrangement. Replacing the Cys112 and/or Met121 Cu ligands does not affect the conformational integrity of the protein. Notably, these results are in accord with experimental evidence, as well as molecular dynamics simulations of the denaturation of azurin. 相似文献
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Arata Murakami Keizo Fujimaki Shigeki Inoue Nobuhiko Kuze Takeshi Sakaizumi Ponmalai G. Kolandaivel Osamu Ohashi 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2005,230(2):125-132
The microwave spectra of cyclopentanone oxime (C5H8NOH) and its deuterated species (C5H8NOD) were observed in the frequency region from 9 to 40 GHz. Only a-type R-branch transitions were assigned in the vibrational ground and excited states. The rotational constants of normal species were determined to be A = 5870.80(33), B = 1917.021(8), and C = 1526.784(8) MHz in the vibrational ground state, and A = 5870.16(43), B = 1842.707(9), and C = 1479.401(9) MHz for deuterated species. The dipole moments were determined as μa = 0.80(10), μb = 0.20(10), and μc = 0.40(10) D. The ring-puckering vibrational states were observed up to v = 6. The vibrational mode was nearly harmonic. The fundamental frequency of the ring-puckering mode was found to be 70(20) cm−1. The molecular structure of cyclopentanone oxime was determined to be a twisted configuration by comparing the observed and calculated rotational constants, planar moment of inertia, Pcc, and rs coordinates of the hydroxyl hydrogen atom. On the molecular geometry, the bond angle, C2C1N6 (Fig. 1), is larger than C5C1N6 by ca. 6°, because of the steric repulsion between the methylene group of C2 atom and hydroxyl group. 相似文献
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The crystal structure of N-(p-nitrobenzylidene)-3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (II) has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. This belongs to a class
of benzylidene anilines. The structure was solved by direct method. The molecular packing of the non-planar molecules are
held by Van der Waals and F…H7, O…Cl, F…F and N…H interactions. 相似文献
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X射线具有短波长和强穿透能力,利用电子对X射线的散射能够研究材料和分子的精密内部结构。信号的质量高度依赖于X射线发射源。2009年,美国能源部下属的斯坦福线性加速器中心国家实验室建成世界上第一台具有原子分辨率能力的X射线自由电子激光设施(LCLS),从此X射线进入激光时代,人类所能使用的X射线的峰值亮度比最强的同步辐射X射线光源提高了100亿倍。文章简要介绍了X射线自由电子激光的发展历程、产生原理和特性,并结合具体实验研究对如何应用X射线激光研究生物学领域的分子结构和动态变化进行总结。 相似文献
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Equilibrium folding and unfolding dynamics to reveal detailed free energy landscape of src SH3 protein by magnetic tweezers 下载免费PDF全文
《中国物理 B》2021,30(7):78201-078201
Src SH3 protein domain is a typical two-state protein which has been confirmed by research of denaturant-induced unfolding dynamics. Force spectroscopy experiments by optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy have measured the force-dependent unfolding rates with different kinds of pulling geometry. However, the equilibrium folding and unfolding dynamics at constant forces has not been reported. Here, using stable magnetic tweezers, we performed equilibrium folding and unfolding dynamic measurement and force-jump measurement of src SH3 domain with tethering points at its N-and C-termini. From the obtained force-dependent transition rates, a detailed two-state free energy landscape of src SH3 protein is constructed with quantitative information of folding free energy, transition state barrier height and position,which exemplifies the capability of magnetic tweezers to study protein folding and unfolding dynamics. 相似文献