流动注射在线过滤稀释原子吸收法测定药物制剂中卡托普利

提出了卡托普利的FI-AAS分析新方法。它是基于在适当酸度条件下卡托普利将Cu^2 还原为Cu^ ，新生的Cu^ 与SCN^-生成白色沉淀，经流动注射在线过滤稀释，以AAS法测定反应剩余Cu^2 的量来间接测定卡托普利的量。在2～100mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系，回收率为97.1%～99.5%，采样频率为100h^-1。方法简单、快速、选择性好，节省试剂，用于卡托普利的测定，获得满意结果。     

甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢Cu/Zn/Ce/Al催化剂的XPS研究

利用XPS技术，研究了在甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢过程中，添加稀土元素Ce对Cu/Zn/Al催化剂表面结构的影响。发现，催化剂表面存在Cu^2 和Cu^ 物种；CeO2的加入促进表面Cu^ 物种的生成，提高了表面Cu^ 物种的浓度。Cu60/Zn30/Al5/Ce5催化剂表面具有较高的Cu^ 浓度，是催化剂长时间保持高活性的重要原因之一。     

Cu/SiO2模型催化剂上甲醇部分氧化制氢反应研究

采用浸渍法，制备了不同组成的Cu/SiO2、Cu/Zn/SiO2催化剂，考察了Cu负载量及Cu/Zn比对甲醇部分氧化抽制氢（CH3OH|1/2O2→2H2 CO2）反应的影响，结果显示，当Cu的负载量为10％、Cu/Zn比为7：3时，催化剂活性最好。H2-TPR、XRD、XPS等表征结果表明，催化剂的制氢活性与Cu^0有关，而大量Cu^ 与Cu^2 的存在则不利于催化剂活性的提高。Zn助剂的引入，有利于分散Cu^0物种，提高催化剂的活性；但由于同时稳定了Cu^ 物种，导致Cu2O物种的大量生成，从而提高了催化剂的还原温度，抑制了Cu^0的氧化还原过程（Cu^2 →Cu^ →Cu^0或Cu^ →Cu^2 ），降低了催化剂的活性。因此，对于Cu/Zn/M催化剂，存在一个最佳的Cu/Zn比。     

原子吸收光度法间接测定甲基托布津的含量

用标准Cu^2 溶液和样品中的甲基托布津在氨碱性环境下作用，产生定量沉淀，离心分离未反应的Cu^2 ，用原子吸收分光光度计测定Cu^2 浓度可间接求得样品中的甲基托布津的含量。本法的检出限10mg/L；测定范围为10-120mg/L；RSD小于3．2％。本方法的测定结果与络合滴定法与分光光度法的结果能很好地符合。     

低压离子色谱-化学发光联用在线检测水中痕量铜

低压离子色谱化学发光方法在线检测Cu^2 ，利用草酸作为色谱柱的洗脱液，研究了分离条件、发光条件及二者的匹配方式等因素对分离检测的影响，测定Cu^2 的线性范围为0．4－6mg／L；检测限为0．1mg/L，方法用自来水及地表水中Cu^2 的分析测定。     

锰(Ⅳ)-安乃近-甲醛化学发光体系的研究

实验发现锰(Ⅳ)氧化安乃近可以产生弱的化学发光,甲醛对这一化学发光反应有较强的增敏作用。据此建立了测定安乃近的流动注射化学发光分析法。在最优化的条件下,测定安乃近的线性范围为6 0×10-7～1 0×10-5mol/L,检出限为2×10-7mol/L安乃近。对1.0×10-6mol/L安乃近进行11次测定,相对标准偏差为3.4%。该方法已应用于针剂中安乃近的测定,其结果与药典方法测得值一致。     

流动注射梯度稀释-原子吸收光谱法间接测定异烟肼

本法基于在中性条件下，异烟肼与Cu^2 定量形成难溶于水的配合物，经流动注射梯度稀释-AAS测定上清液中剩余的Cu^2 的量间接测定异烟肼的含量。异烟肼在50-600mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系，R^2=0．9998；采样频率120次／h，回收率为98．3％-103．2％。     

共振散射法测定安乃近含量

在pH=5.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,Fe(Ⅲ)与邻菲啰啉反应生成无色配合物,从而使得体系在374nm波长处产生1个较强的共振散射峰。加入安乃近(或4-甲氨基安替比林)后,其将Fe(Ⅲ)还原成Fe(Ⅱ),而生成一种橙红色配合物,使得体系在374nm(或373nm)波长处的共振散射信号减弱。在最佳实验条件下,当安乃近浓度在0.634~15.2μg/mL范围内,体系的共振散射信号△I与安乃近的浓度之间有较好的线性关系,检出限为5.75ng/mL。该方法可直接用于测定安乃近含量,回收率为100.4%~103.4%。     

药物分子在玻碳电极上的电分析化学研究

提出了一种测定安乃近新法。由于安乃近没有电活性，故将安乃近和盐酸在１００℃共热后生成电活性产物，用玻碳电极在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ中得一良好和阳极氧化伏安峰，Ｅｐ＋０．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）左右，峰电流与安乃近浓度在０．１－１００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间呈线性关系，分析了制剂安乃近的含量，实验证实电极反应属于扩散控制的不可逆过程。     

药物分子在玻碳电极上的电分析化学研究──Ⅴ．安乃近的伏安行为及测定

提出了一种测定安乃近新法。由于安乃近没有电活性，故将安乃近和盐酸在１００℃共热后生成电活性产物，用玻碳电极在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ中得一良好的阳极氧化伏安峰，Ｅｐ＋０．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ·Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）左右，峰电流与安乃近浓度在０．１～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间呈线性关系，分析了制剂安乃近的含量，实验证实电极反应属于扩散控制的不可逆过程。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.