肽链长度对La3＋与微过氧化物酶相互作用的影响

为了了解稀土元素与酶相互作用的化学机理, 用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱技术和电化学方法研究了La^3＋与过氧化物酶(POD)的模型化合物, 微过氧化物酶-8 (MP-8)或微过氧化物酶-11 (MP-11)的相互作用机理. La^3＋优先与MP-8或MP-11分子中血红素卟啉环上的2个丙酸基团的羰基氧发生键合作用, 使它们的聚集程度降低, 卟啉环的非平面性增加. 由于MP-8分子聚集的倾向要小于MP-11, La^3＋使MP-8聚集程度的降低和卟啉环非平面性增加的程度要大于MP-11. 由于MP-11的肽链较长而能形成螺旋状构象, 使肽链上的羰基基团被包埋在肽链的疏水基团中, 因此, La^3＋与MP-11中肽链上的羰基氧基本上不能发生键合作用. 而MP-8的肽链较短, 不能形成螺旋状结构, La^3＋也能与肽链上的羰基氧发生键合作用.     

用紫外-可见吸收光谱研究微过氧化物酶-8与La3+相互作用机理

首次用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱技术研究了微过氧化物酶-8(MP-8)与La³⁺的相互作用的机理。发现La³⁺优先与MP-8分子中血红素卟啉环上的两个丙酸基团的羧基氧发生键合作用,使血红素卟啉环的非平面性增加,π-π^*跃迁所需要的能量减少,但几率降低。La³⁺与MP-8肽链上的羰基氧发生弱相互作用,因此对卟啉环的结构基本上没有影响。     

微过氧化物酶-8与Eu3+相互作用的机理

用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和电化学方法研究Eu3+与微过氧化物酶-8(MP-8)相互作用的机理,发现Eu3+优先与MP-8中血红素基团的2个丙酸基的羧基氧发生强的配位作用,导致MP-8分子中血红素基团的非平面性、暴露程度和电化学可逆性的增加.过剩的Eu3+与MP-8分子中肽链上的含氧基团发生弱的相互作用,对血红素基团结构的影响较小.     

镧离子对植物体内过氧化物酶活性的影响

本文首次比较了在植物体内La³⁺与过氧化物酶(POD)的相互作用和在植物体外La³⁺与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的相互作用。在植物体内的研究表明,La³⁺能够明显改变POD的活性,并呈现低促高抑的“Hormesis效应”。用圆二色谱(CD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱研究在植物体外La³⁺与HRP相互作用的结果表明,在模拟生理条件的溶液中,La³⁺对HRP的活性同样呈现低促高抑的＂Hormesis 效应＂。其作用机理可能是La³⁺通过与HRP中酰胺基的O或N键合,导致HRP二级结构变化,进而改变活性中心血红素中铁卟啉的化学结构,最终改变HRP的催化活性。     

La3＋或Eu3＋与微过氧化物酶-8相互作用强弱的研究

研究了La3＋或Eu3＋与微过氧化酶-8(MP-8)相互作用并比较了它们与MP-8相互作用的强弱. 紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和电化学的结果表明, 不论在不含NaCl或含NaCl的溶液中,一个La3＋或Eu3＋优先与MP-8分子中血红素上两个丙酸基中的羧基氧发生强的键合作用,而过量的La3＋或Eu3＋与肽链上的羰基氧发生弱的相互作用.实验结果还清楚地证明Eu3＋与MP-8的相互作用要强于La3＋与MP-8的相互作用.     

稀土钐离子与微过氧化物酶-11的相互作用初探

The interaction between Sm³⁺ and MP-11 in the aqueous solution was investigated with cyclic voltammetry， UV-Vis absorption spectrum and circular dichroism. It was found for the first time that Sm³⁺ could bond to O of carboxyl group in the heme group altering the surface charge of MP-11 molecule and thus increasing its diffusion coefficient. In addition， the interaction between Sm³⁺ and MP-11 molecule would change the secondary structure of the MP-11 molecule increasing the exposure extent of the heme group in the MP-11 molecule. The above results could increase the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction of MP-11.     

Tb3＋离子与植物辣根过氧化物酶的作用方式探讨

利用紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱、原子吸收及酶分离方法, 首次研究了稀土离子Tb^3＋与植物辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的相互作用方式. 结果表明, Tb^3＋与HRP作用方式包括: (1) Tb^3＋与肽链上的氨基酸残基作用, 影响酶活性中心的微结构; (2) Tb^3＋能部分取代酶中的Ca^2＋; (3) Tb^3＋能部分剪切肽链上的氨基酸残基, 改变酶的结构. 因此, Tb^3＋与HRP的相互作用可能以一种方式为主, 或几种作用方式同时存在.     

La3+对过氧化氢酶电化学和生物电催化活性的影响

本文研究了La³⁺对过氧化氢酶(CAT)的直接电化学反应活性和对H₂O₂还原的生物电催化活性的影响。发现当La³⁺浓度低时,La³⁺能提高CAT的直接电化学反应活性和对H₂O₂还原的电催化活性。当La³⁺浓度高时,La³⁺会降低CAT的直接电化学反应活性和对H₂O₂还原的电催化活性。这是由于La³⁺能与CAT的肽链上的氨基酸残基发生作用而使肽链构象发生变化,导致血红素结构发生变化。当La³⁺浓度低时,La³⁺能使血红素的非平面性增加,活性中心Fe(Ⅲ)的暴露程度增加,因此,低浓度的La³⁺能增加CAT的电化学和生物电催化活性,而高浓度的La³⁺却会使血红素的非平面性降低,活性中心Fe(Ⅲ)的暴露程度降低,因此,降低了CAT的电化学和生物电催化活性。     

金电极表面聚赖氨酸固定微过氧化物酶-11的电化学研究

通过聚赖氨酸修饰将微过氧化物酶-11(MP-11)固定在金电极表面,制备成MP-11修饰电极.修饰在电极表面上的MP-11的血红素活性中心与电极之间可进行直接的电子传递反应,其氧化还原式电位为-0.39V.该修饰电极对氧的还原具有电催化活性.当MP-11与咪唑发生轴向配位反应时,其氧化还原式电位发生负移,此时对氧的还原不再具有电催化活性.     

甲醇对微过氧化酶-11电化学行为的影响

用电化学和圆二色性(CD)光谱方法比较了不含和含质量分数为20%甲醇的微过氧化物酶-11(MP-11)溶液的电化学和电催化性能及结构的差别.发现加入甲醇使MP-11的电化学反应的可逆性和对H₂O₂还原的电催化活性增加,这是由于加入甲醇使部分双聚的MP-11分子变成单体分子,分子的α-螺旋和β-转角的结构含量增加,无规卷曲的结构含量降低,MP-11分子中血红素的暴露程度增加而引起的.     

用电化学方法研究微过氧化物-8与Eu3+作用位点

循环伏安法;用电化学方法研究微过氧化物-8与Eu3+作用位点     

Eu3+对过氧化氢酶生物催化活性的影响1

为了了解稀土微肥使植物增产的化学机理,用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、同步荧光光谱和电化学方法法研究了Eu3+与过氧化氢酶(CAT)的相互作用。结果表明,由于稀土离子易与O键合,因此,Eu3+主要与CAT肽链上的氨基酸残基中的羰基氧配位,引起肽链构象的变化,而构象的变化又会诱导CAT中的血红素结构的变化。当Eu3+浓度低时,Eu3+与CAT发生相互作用能使血红素的非平面性增加,转而使血红素中活性中心Fe(III)的暴露程度增加,因此,使CAT的电化学活性和对H2O2还原的电催化活性提高。但当Eu3+的浓度高时,Eu3+会使CAT中血红素的非平面性降低,使血红素中活性中心Fe(III)的暴露程度降低,因此,降低了CAT的电化学和生物电催化活性。这说明不同浓度的Eu3+对CAT的生物活性的影响不同,所以选择适当的浓度的Eu3+对植物的生长具有促进作用。     

Design, synthesis, structure and properties of an α-helix cap template derived from N-[(2S)-2-chloropropionyl]-(2S)-Pro-(2R)-Ala-(2S,4S)-4-thioPro-OMe which initiates α-helical structures

A strategy based upon removing the requirement for all of the carbonyl dipoles to align at the same time in the transition state leading to the cyclisation of N-[(2S)-2-chloropropionyl]-(2S)-Pro-(2R)-Ala-(2S,4S)-4-thioPro-OMe to a Zimm-Bragg type α-helix peptide intitator template was successful. Each amide bond of the 12-membered macrocyclic template existed in the trans-rotomeric form. Derivatives of the template were prepared by extending the C-terminus and these were characterised by NMR spectroscopy and restrained simulated annealing. In deuterochloroform solution at low temperature, separate sets of NMR signals were observed for two rapidly interconverting helical conformational isomers of the thioether macrocycle which possessed an appended trialkylammonium ion. A similar time-averaged conformation was also observed in aqueous solution. At −80 °C in d₂-dichloromethane the rate of conformational exchange was slowed sufficiently to obtain resonance assignments and NOE data separately for each isomer. In the minor isomer (40%), the four carbonyl oxygen hydrogen-bond acceptors of the template are aligned in an α-helical conformation and in the major conformer the Pro² carbonyl dipole was anti-aligned with the other three dipoles. Thus, the conformers differ in the orientation of one carbonyl group. Molecular modelling calculations showed that the minor isomer was stabilised by coulombic interactions between the trialkylammonium salt and the carbonyl group dipole moments.     

Electric dipole moment studies of carboxylic ester conformations: alkyl acetates,benzoates, 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoates and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoates

Electric dipole moments μ in benzene at 30 °C have been determined (Table 3) on methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl esters of the title compounds to determine steric effects on conformation in solution. Experimental moments were compared with those calculated for various possible conformations by a 3-dimensional vectorial addition method using bond moments and bond angles. The experimental moments for the alkyl acetates were best interpreted in terms of an out-of-plane deviation of the alkyl group from an s-trans conformation caused by steric interference between the alkyl group and the carbonyl oxygen and increasing in the series from methyl to t-butyl. The dihedral angles 0 (deviations) were calculated using a vector addition method. An increase in the moments of the benzoate series over the acetates was interpreted in terms of conjugative interaction between phenyl and carbonyl groups. Angles of twist φ for the benzoates and trimethylbenzoates were calculated using the Braude-Sondheimer equation. A decrease in the moments of the methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl trimethyl-benzoates as compared with the benzoates was interpreted in terms of steric interference between ortho methyls and both oxygens. The decrease in the angles of twist from methyl to t-butyl for the trimethylbenzoates was tentatively explained by greater steric interaction of the alkyl group with both carbonyl oxygen and ortho methyls, which forces adoption of a more coplanar arrangement between the ring and the carbonyl group than for the other alkyl derivatives, this interaction increasing with the size of the alkyl group. Dipole moments for 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoates were nearly the same as for corresponding trimethyl-benzoates, thus showing no conclusive evidence for operation of a “buttressing” effect.     

Dimeric assemblies from 1,2,3-triazole-appended Zn(II) porphyrins with control of NH-tautomerism in 1,2,3-triazole

Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of meso-ethynyl Zn(II) porphyrin with benzyl azide efficiently provides meso-1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolyl Zn(II) porphyrin, which assembles to form a slipped cofacial dimer by the complementary coordination of the triazole nitrogen atom at the 3-position to the zinc center of a second porphyrin moiety both in the solid and solution states. Removal of the benzyl protection and introduction of a 2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl moiety greatly stabilize the dimeric assembly through an additional hydrogen bonding interaction between the NH proton of 2H-1,2,3-triazole and the carbonyl oxygen.     

Spectroscopic studies of interactions involving horseradish peroxidase and Tb3+

The spectroscopic properties of interactions involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Tb(3+) in the simulated physiological solution was investigated with some electrochemical and spectroscopic methods, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), circular dichroism (CD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchronous fluorescence (SF). It was found that Tb(3+) can coordinate with oxygen atoms in carbonyl groups in the peptide chain of HRP, form the complex of Tb(3+) and HRP (Tb-HRP), and then lead to the conformation change of HRP. The increase in the random coil content of HRP can disturb the microstructure of the heme active center of HRP, in which the planarity of the porphyrin cycle in the heme group is increased and then the exposure extent of the electrochemical active center is decreased. Thus Tb(3+) can inhibit the electrochemical reaction of HRP and its electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H(2)O(2) at the Au/Cys/GC electrode. The changes in the microstructure of HRP obstructed the electron transfer of Fe(III) in the porphyrin cycle of the heme group, thus HRP catalytic activity is inhibited. The inhibition effect of Tb(3+) on HRP catalytic activity is increased with the increasing of Tb(3+) concentration. This study would provide some references for better understanding the rare earth elements and heavy metals on peroxidase toxicity in living organisms.     

Small molecule directed aggregation of a heme peptide on gold: an STM study

Microperoxidase 11 was adsorbed on Au(111) from basic aqueous solutions containing pure heme peptide and co-added stoichiometric amounts of exogenous neutral and ionic ligands. The addition of small molecules to MP11 produced different aggregate structures that were easily differentiated by STM. In the absence of a complexing agent, the MP-11 formed large clusters of metallopeptide molecules on the gold surface. With neutral imidazole in solution the MP11 aggregated into regular elongated structures (nano-épis) on the substrate. When S(2-) is used as coupling agent, single heme peptide molecules are isolated with identifiable porphyrin ring and substructure in the peptide chain.