Antishadowing contribution to the pomeron structure function

In a particular model of the pomeron, its gluon and quark distributions are subject to anti-shadowing, as described by a modified GLR equation recently derived. Inclusion of antishadowing cures the problem of momentum nonconservation previously existing in the GLR equation. A possible outcome of a measurement of the pomeron structure function at HERA is shown in case of DGLAP, GLR and modified GLR parton dynamics.     

Feedback cooling of a single trapped ion

Based on a real-time measurement of the motion of a single ion in a Paul trap, we demonstrate its electromechanical cooling below the Doppler limit by homodyne feedback control (cold damping). The feedback cooling results are well described by a model based on a quantum mechanical master equation.     

Wavefront sensing with random amplitude mask and phase retrieval

A light beam with an ideal wavefront that is transmitted or reflected from an object is modified by different characteristics of the object such as shape, refractive index, density, or temperature. Wavefront sensing therefore yields valuable information about the system or the changes happening to the system. A new method for wavefront sensing using a random amplitude mask and a phase retrieval method based on the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld wave propagation equation is described. The proposed method has many potential applications ranging from phase contrast imaging and measurement of lens aberration to shape measurement of three-dimensional objects.     

A stochastic posterior Schrödinger equation for counting nondemolition measurement

A stochastic model of the continuous counting nondemolition measurement of photons emitted by an excited atom in a quantum electromagnetic field is given. It is proved that the posterior dynamics of such an atom is described by a new nonlinear stochastic wave equation showing the relaxation of the atom to its ground state due to the photon emission.     

激光衍射微粒测量中的独立模式反演算法

在用激光衍射法测量微粒直径及其分布时得到的矩阵方程组是一组病态方程 ,无法直接求解。目前大多数求解方法是采用已知模式的拟合算法。但由于在实际中的微粒直径的分布是多种多样的 ,因此难以用一种或几种分布函数去近似描述。试图从微粒衍射的特征着手提出一种未知分布的独立模式的求解方法     

Air-dispersion measurement by second-harmonic heterodyne interferometry

Interferometers with long optical paths in air usually require knowledge and control of air dispersion. In addition, the measurements at several wavelengths and the dispersion properties of air allow errors caused by air turbulence to be compensated for. An innovative technique for air-dispersion measurement is described for long-baseline ground-based stellar interferometers. The technique combines second-harmonic interferometry and heterodyne detection to permit high-resolution measurement even for low optical powers. Experimental results show measurements of air dispersion in good agreement with the values predicted from the Edlén equation.     

Large Time Behavior and Convergence Rate for Quantum Filters Under Standard Non Demolition Conditions

A quantum system \({\mathcal S}\) undergoing continuous time measurement is usually described by a jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation. Such an equation is called a quantum filtering equation (or quantum stochastic master equation) and its solution is called a quantum filter (or quantum trajectory). This solution describes the evolution of the state of \({\mathcal S}\) . In the context of quantum non demolition measurement, we investigate the large time behavior of this solution. It is rigorously shown that, for large time, this solution behaves as if a direct Von Neumann measurement has been performed at time 0. In particular the solution converges to a random pure state which can be directly linked to the wave packet reduction postulate. Using the theory of Girsanov transformation, we obtain the explicit rate of convergence towards this random state. The problem of state estimation (used in experiment) is also investigated.     

多能级原子的量子跳跃与连续量子测量

研究了多能级原子的量子跳跃行为,构造出多能级原子系统光学Block方程的形式解．证明了Mollow的纯态描述理论不适用于多能级原子,为此,发展了混合态描述理论,得出了多能级原子的重置密度矩阵为混合态的结论．最后,讨论了多能级原子的量子跳跃与连续量子测量的联系． 关键词：     

DSM-LPDF两相湍流模型及旋流两相流动的模拟

本文由流体－颗粒速度的拉氏联合概率密度函数（ＰＤＦ）输运方程出发,用Ｓｉｍｏｎｉｎ建议的Ｌａｎｇｅｖｉｎ模型封闭颗粒所遇到流体瞬时速度的条件期望项,并用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法直接求解 ＰＤＦ输运方程,将其和求解流体雷诺应力方程模型的有限差分方法结合,建立了雷诺应力－拉氏ＰＤＦ（ＤＳＭ－ＬＰＤＦ,简称ＤＬ）两相湍流模型．用此模型模拟了旋流数为０．４７的突扩旋流气粒两相流动,并与文献中ＰＤＰＡ实验和用类似于单相流动湍流模型封闭方法的时平均统一二阶矩（ＵＳＭ）模型的预报进行了对比．     

等腰闪耀光栅及其在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用研究

本文简述了非对称双光栅位移测量的原理和特点,针对其中存在的一些问题,设计了一种新型透射式位相光栅———等腰闪耀光栅。文中导出了等腰闪耀光栅在垂直入射时的光栅方程和衍射光强分布公式,并通过计算机仿真,得到了衍射光强的分布图。最后探讨了等腰闪耀光栅在非对称双光栅位移测量中的应用     

Quantum continual measurements and a posteriori collapse on CCR

A quantum stochastic model for the Markovian dynamics of an open system under the nondemolition unsharp observation which is continuous in time, is given. A stochastic equation for the posterior evolution of a quantum continuously observed system is derived and the spontaneous collapse (stochastically continuous reduction of the wave packet) is described. The quantum Langevin evolution equation is solved for the case of a quasi-free Hamiltonian in the initial CCR algebra with a linear output channel, and the posterior dynamics corresponding to an initial Gaussian state is found. It is shown for an example of the posterior dynamics of a quantum oscillator that any mixed state under a complete nondemolition measurement collapses exponentially to a pure Gaussian one.     

Isomorphs in the phase diagram of a model liquid without inverse power law repulsion

Zeroth-order complex dispersion equation of a cylindrical metallic nanowire has been solved analytically to get dispersion relations of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) by approximate methods. The back bending of the dispersion relation can be well described by the analytical solutions, confirming that the back bending is originated from the metal Ohmic loss. Basing on the analytical solutions, the back bending point of the dispersion relation used for the measurement of the metallic Ohmic loss has also been suggested.     

Multiple self-mixing interferometry algorithm based on phase modulation for vibration measurement

A novel algorithm based on a phase modulation and demodulation technique for multiple self-mixing interferometry was proposed in this paper. This algorithm can measure nanoscale vibration in real time and enhance the measurement resolution of a multiple self-mixing interferometer twofold compared with that of a self-mixing interferometer. In this paper, the principles of the method were described in detail, and a phase equation for multiple self-mixing interferometry was derived. Experiments were confirmed by conducting a series of experiments with different amplitudes, different signal-to-noise ratios, and different vibration waveforms. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can rapidly demodulate vibration in real time and indicated good agreement between theory and experiment.     

Cross correlations in mesoscopic charge detection

We study a tunnel contact that acts as charge detector for a single-electron transistor(SET) focusing on correlations between the detector current and the current through theSET. This system can be described fully by a Markovian master equation for the SET, whileelectron tunneling in the charge monitor represents a process with a stochastic rate,which can be solved exactly. It turns out that current monitoring is possible as long asthe detector current correlates with the currents through either SET barrier. By contrast,correlations with the effective current according to the Ramo-Shockley theorem are notessential. Moreover, we propose the measurement of the SET barrier capacitances.     

基于有限立体角测量的谱色测温法

辐射测温是通过测量物体表面发射的辐射来反演温度. 本文结合线性发射率模型从辐射测温方程封闭求解的角度, 解释了谱色测温通常需采用微元立体角测量或针对漫发射体的有限立体角辐射测量的原因, 并推导出了有限立体角辐射测量条件下, 具有非漫发射性质物体表面温度测量的辐射测温方程, 该方程具有测量普适性. 以此方程为基础, 推导了具有测量普适性的谱色测温方程组, 发现不同的辐射测量条件下, 发射率标尺的取值范围相同, 但物理意义发生了明显变化.     

Nonlocal effects in flows of wormlike micellar solutions

The flow curve of wormlike micelles usually exhibits a stress plateau sigma* separating high and low viscosity branches, leading to shear-banded flows. We study the flow of semidilute wormlike micellar systems in a confined geometry: a straight microchannel. We characterize their local rheology thanks to particle image velocimetry. We show that flow curves cannot be described by a simple constitutive equation linking the local shear stress to the local shear rate. We demonstrate the existence of nonlocal effects in the flow of wormlike micellar systems and make use of a theoretical framework allowing the measurement of correlation lengths.     

Reaching the resolved tunnel regime for a femtosecond oscillator driven field emission electron source

We report on electron emission from tungsten tips with the help of 800 nm-8 fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser oscillator. We have measured autocorrelation traces of the exciting laser pulse in the photoelectron current, which allows a measurement of the non-linearity as a function of DC voltage applied to the tip. These data are well described by a numerical integration of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The simulation shows us that electron emission resolves the electric field structure of the driving laser pulse, a regime which is currently an extremely fruitful area of research with atoms in the gas phase. For an 8 fs laser pulse with the correct carrier-envelope phase setting the emission duration is as short as 800 nm.     

Properties of modified quantum dynamics

The general nature of the dynamics that can be described by an equation for the density matrix of nonrelativistic quantum systems previously proposed by us [1] is studied. It is shown that it leads to an experimentally observed constraint on the states of the microscopic and quasi-macroscopic systems by states that can be described by more or less localized wave packets in phase space and replaces the ordinary spreading of these packets by statistically deterministic transitions between corresponding states. This makes possible a purely dynamic solution of the problem of the classical object and of the problem of measurement in quantum mechanics.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 63–67, May, 1976.I wish to express my deep appreciation to Prof. V. G. Bagrov for his interest in the study and for criticism.     

Hyperbolic diffusion in chaotic systems

We consider a deterministic process described by a discrete one-dimensional chaotic map and study its diffusive-like properties. Starting with the corresponding Frobenius-Perron equation we derive an approximate evolution equation for the probability distribution which is a partial differential equation of a hyperbolic type. Consequently, the process is correlated, non-Markovian, non-Gaussian and the information propagates with a finite velocity. This is in clear contrast to conventional diffusion processes described by a standard parabolic diffusion equation with an infinite velocity of information propagation. Our approach allows for a more complete characterisation of diffusion dynamics of deterministic systems.     

Analytical solutions to zeroth-order dispersion relations of a cylindrical metallic nanowire near the backbending point

Zeroth-order complex dispersion equation of a cylindrical metallic nanowire has beensolved analytically to get dispersion relations of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) byapproximate methods. The back bending of the dispersion relation can be well described bythe analytical solutions, confirming that the back bending is originated from the metalOhmic loss. Basing on the analytical solutions, the back bending point of the dispersionrelation used for the measurement of the metallic Ohmic loss has also been suggested.