油松籽油脂的提取及其脂肪酸组成与含量的评价

采用索氏提取法提取油松籽中的油脂,得油率为42.9%;对油脂进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测其中的脂肪酸组成及含量。实验结果表明,油松籽油中含有7种脂肪酸,分别为肉豆蔻酸10.38%、硬脂酸3.05%、油酸21.98%、亚油酸(13,16-十八碳二烯酸)3.53%、亚油酸(9,12-十八碳二烯酸)38.38%、亚麻酸20.06%和二十碳三烯酸2.62%,其中饱和脂肪酸含量为13%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为87%。     

牡丹籽油中脂肪酸的组成分析

用化学萃取法获得牡丹籽油,然后将样品进行皂化、甲酯化,以毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定牡丹籽油脂肪酸的组成,共鉴定出14种成分,其中主要成分为亚麻酸和亚油酸,其相对含量分别为57.931%和28.121%。     

直链饱和一元羧酸凝聚型物理性质递变规律

有机同系物的物理性质大致可分加和型、结构型和凝聚型性质三大类。加和型性质是以组成原子的种类和数目为基础的 ,在同一系列中 ,这类性质是碳原子数的线性函数。结构型性质与分子中电子活动有关 ,蒋明谦先生曾对有机同系物各种结构型性质进行研究 ,提出了有机同系物结构型性质的同系线性规律[1 ] ,但该规律对凝聚型性质却无力有效描述。引起凝聚型性质的主要原因是分子间相互作用 ,由于作用机制的复杂性 ,与结构重复单元数值ｎ呈比较复杂的关系。尽管最近有人用指数函数[2 ] 来描述直链饱和一元羧酸结构型和凝聚型性能递变规律 ,这类函数…     

Neutral lipids from seeds of Asteraceae plants

Lipids from seeds of three plants of the Asteraceae family, Cousinia franchetii, Arctium leiospermum, and Rhaponticum integrifolium, were studied. The principal constituents of lipids from the three plants were shown to be acylglycerides of ordinary fatty acids and oxygenated fatty acids using chemical and chromatographic analyses. The composition of the ordinary unoxidized and epoxy acids was determined by GC. Presented at the 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, October 16–18, 2007, Tashkent, Uzbekistan __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–117, March–April, 2008.     

食醋中C_1－C_8脂肪酸及乳酸的气相色谱分析

食醋中Ｃ１－Ｃ８脂肪酸和乳酸与适当过量的四甲基氢氧化铵作用生成季胺盐，用二甲基甲酰胺将其溶解，在室温下与过量溴乙烷完全反应而生成相应的乙酯。生成的乙酯在１０％丁二酸乙二醇聚酯（ＰＧＳ）柱上进行分离。用保留时间定性，用内标法定量。本法操作简便、快速，分离完全，对几种样品的测定结果较好     

Influence of Reduced Temperature on Lipid Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Viburnum opulus</Emphasis> Seeds

The influence of reduced temperature (frost) on the lipid composition of Viburnum opulus seeds was studied. Low temperatures changed lipid metabolism by forming hydroxyglycerides in NL, lowering significantly the GL and PL contents, and changing their class composition. The structures of hydroxyacids in the hydroxyglycerides were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 523–528, November–December, 2005.     

Lipids from Flowers and Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> and Their Biological Activity

Chemical, chromatographic, and spectral methods were used to show that the main components of the lipid extract of flowers and leaves are free and bound aliphatic and cyclic alcohols (sterols and triterpenols) and essential oil. It was shown that the lipid extract of Artemisia annua has a positive influence on skin metabolism and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 226–229, May–June, 2005.     

常压氢化菜油脚来源不饱和脂肪酸制硬脂酸

由植物油厂副产油脚料能得到廉价的混合脂肪酸。在中国 ,这是一个可持续获得的庞大资源。迄今为止 ,对此类脂肪酸的利用始终没有比较好的办法 ,其中又以南方地区菜油脚酸的开发最不理想。由于菜油脂肪酸是油酸 ( C18∶ 1酸 ) ,亚油酸( C18∶ 2 酸 )和芥酸 ( C2 2∶ 1酸 )等不饱和酸的混杂体系 ,要直接利用极其困难。经多方努力 ,从菜油酸中分离出芥酸 ,用于制备聚烯烃塑料润滑剂等工作已经取得成效[1] ,但以 C18烯酸为主的脱芥脂肪酸却还要寻求出路。比较实际的办法是通过催化加氢 ,使这些脂肪酸分子中的双键饱和 (硬化 ) ,得到工业硬脂酸…     

Chemical investigation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callisia fragrans</Emphasis>

Lipids of leaves, runners, and stems of Callisia fragrans were investigated. Classes of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids and their fatty-acid compositions were determined. The contents of ascorbic acid and organic acids and chlorophyll and carotinoid pigments in various plant organs were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 212–213, May–June, 2007.     

Lipids of Ricinus communis Seeds

Lipids of Kazachok castor seeds were studied. The compositions of neutral lipids of the benzine extract and of the fatty acids of neutral and polar lipids were found. The principal acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and 12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic.     

Lipids of Some Lycopodiophyta Species

The fractional composition of neutral and polar lipids from four Lycopodiophyta species was studied. It has been established that the neutral lipids consist of esters of glycerin, alcohols, fatty acids, sterols, waxes, and hydrocarbons. The polar lipids contain glycolipids, phospholipids, and the betaine lipid of DGTS.     

褐煤树脂中游离酸的化学组成与结构特征

对云南潦浒、寻甸、吉林舒兰褐煤树脂中游离酸的化学组成及结构特征进行了对比研究。结果显示,潦浒和寻甸游离树脂酸主要是由云 氢松香酸组成,其它三环二萜酸,如松脂酸、三达松脂酸、氢化松香酸、松香酸以及五环三萜酸均有分布,但含量低。正构烷酸Ｃ１２￣Ｃ２８也存在着分布,且集中在Ｃ１６、Ｃ１８和Ｃ２０上,低碳数支链烷酸也被检出。因此,去氢松香酸是潦浒寻甸游离树脂酸的特征代表物,与此相反,舒半游离树脂酸则主要     

Lipids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halostachys caspica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halocharis hispida</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids from the aerial parts of two species of halophytes from the family Chenopodiaceae, Halostachys caspica C. A. Mey. and Halocharis hispida Bge. was determined. Neutral lipids (NL, 62.1 and 54.2%, respectively) dominated the total lipids (TL) of these plants. More than a third of the NL were esters of aliphatic alcohols and phytosterols (FAE). Fatty acids 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 dominated the acids of FAE; 16:0, 18:1, and 18:3, the phospholipids. The principal fatty acids of glycolipids were unsaturated acids (68.3 and 75.1%) with linolenic acid dominating (44.9 and 43.5%). Presented at the 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Tashkent, October 16–18, 2007. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 276–278, May–June, 2009.