Information for Contributors

1 Chinese Journal of Acoustics is the publication of the Acoustical Society of China and The Institute of Acoustics, Academia Sinica, to promote the international understanding and collaboration in the field of acoustics. It publishes original works in all branches of acoustics in China. Contributions from invited guests and friends overseas are also solicited. 2 Contributed papers submitted for publication in the Journal should be original, unpub-     

Information for Contributors

1 Chinese Journal of Acoustics is the publication of the Acoustical Society of China and The Institute of Acoustics,Academia Sinica,to promote the international understanding and collaboration in the field of acoustics.It publishes original works in all branches of acoustics in China.Contributions from invited guests and friends overseas are also solicited.     

Progresses and advances in Arctic underwater acoustics study

As a part of underwater acoustics, the study and development of Arctic Acoustics is later than underwater acoustics about several hundred years. After World War II, the study of Arctic Acoustics attracts many interests by some developed countries, especially U.S. and pre-Soviet Union. The research works obviously have some kinds of cold war brand. After the Cold War, with the gradual warming trend of Arctic area, the ocean acoustic environment in Arctic and its adjacent area have been considerably concerned. The 8 countries of Arctic rim organized exclusive "Arctic Council" in 1996. The white paper of "China Arctic Policy"was published in January 26, 2018, the Chinese government declared that China is a close Arctic country, and is the responsible stakeholder of Arctic interests. The new advances in Arctic research works axe introduced in this paper, including the results of scientific survey and studies about Arctic underwater acoustics of Chinese researchers. It is showed that the Arctic underwater acoustical research area is not only parallely copy the topics what traditional underwater acoustics covered, e.g. environment noise,reverberation,and propagation, but also the topics which is specifically based on the Arctic environment. Some of these research fields cannot be included in the traditional shallow water, deep water acoustics, e.g. the ice-water interface feature, ice covered semi-acoustic channel effect, the communication and navigation of UUV in the condition of under ice, and the adaptation of sonar technique, equipment in the ice-covered environment, etc.     

北极水声学研究的新进展和新动向

北极水声学作为水声学研究的一部分,起步要比达·芬奇所描述的声呐雏形晚很多年。第二次世界大战后北极水声学的研究开始受到发达国家(主要是美国)的重视。它的发展和研究重点带有明显的冷战烙印。冷战结束之后,随着北极持续变暖的趋势,北极及其毗邻海域的海洋水声环境受到特别的重视。环北极的8个国家组成排他性的北极理事会。我国政府于2018年1月26日发表北极政策白皮书,声明中国是近北极国家,是北极地区利益攸关方。本文介绍北极水声学研究的新进展,包括我国有关涉海单位近年来所做的科考和学术研究。指出,北极水声学的研究不局限于把传统水声学中的研究内容(如环境噪声、混响、传播等等)并行地在北极环境条件下加以重复探讨,而是要根据北极海洋环境的实际情况,进行有关领域的新研究。其中不乏传统浅海、深海水声学研究中所不具有的特色,如冰-水界面、冰下的半声道效应、冰盖下水下无人载器(UUV)的通信、定位及声呐对冰下环境的适应性研究等课题。      

基于光纤水听器的声场水平相关性研究

中科院声学研究所声场声信息国家重点实验室与长沙国防科技大学合作研制出了一条32阵元的光纤水听器阵,并于2002年8月在渤海进行了一次海上实验。本文利用光纤水听器阵获得的气枪声信号进行了声场的水平相关性分析,并与理论结果进行了比较,实验和理论结果基本符合。     

The future of architectural acoustics research and testing in Australia

The Architectural Acoustics research and testing facilities in Australia are reviewed. It is concluded that most of the facilities are not commercially viable and that the research being undertaken is on a very small scale and is being done in isolation. It is suggested that in order to make best use of facilities and instrumentation a more broadly based Environmental Acoustics Institute should be set up. The Institute should have at least six professional staff and should preferably be centred on existing acoustics facilities in either Melbourne or Sydney.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的通用水声信号发射系统设计

本文针对水声学实验中对于发射信号源的使用要求,介绍了发射平台的结构以及软件流程,并对其中基于虚拟仪器技术的难点做了详细的论述,最终设计开发了一种通用水声信号发射系统,并介绍了一个具体的实验用途。     

全国声学标准化技术委员会的发展与国家声学基础测量方法标准体系建设

首先回顾了全国声学标准化技术委员会自1980年成立以来,在国家声学标准制、修订方面所取得的一批重要的标准研究成果。经过全国声学领域历届委员和专家30年来的共同努力,截止2009年共制、修订声学方面国家标准166项次,形成了目前归口声标委管理的131项现行有效的国家标准,由此也建立了涵盖声学基础、噪声、建筑声学、超水声四大类标准的国家声学基础测量方法标准体系。这些声学基础测量方法标准体系与国家声环境质量、噪声排放等环保标准和工程建设标准、电声和音视频等标准共同构成了较为完整的国家声学标准体系。最后结合声标委今后要开展的标准工作,提出了进一步完善国家声学基础测量方法标准体系的细部构想,可以相信,将来随着这些标准的陆续出台,我国声学标准体系会更趋完善。      

A text-to-speech system with high intelligibility and naturalness for Chinese

I.IntroductionResearchesonChinesesynthesisdisclosethatonlywhenboththesegmentalandsupraseg-melltalfeaturesofthesyntheticspeecharesimilartothoseofthellaturalone,thesyntheticspeechwillsoundintelligibleandnatural[1].Amongekistingsynthetictechniques,theapproachbasedonacousticparametersca-nadustboththesegmentalandsuprasegmentalfeaturesofsyntheticunitsfiekiblyandcanbeconsideredasthemostreasonablesynthetictechniqueintheory.However,theparameterbasedsynthesizerisoverAfependentonthedevelopmentsofparamet…     

时间—频率分析在声学中的主要应用

时频分析已在信号分析、建模、合成、重构、滤波、压缩编码以及信号检测与参数估计、模式识别等得到了广泛应用。本文在简要介绍时－频分布的有关内容之后，综述了该方法在声学中的主要应用及研究进展。     

The problems of nonlinear acoustics which seem to be the most important and interesting today

The material of the correlated report delivered at the 18th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA-18) in July 2008 (Stockholm, Sweden) [1] is presented in a more comprehensive form [1]. These results have also been partially reported on in the lectures given at the 12th and 13th “Nonlinear Waves“ schools in Nizhni Novgorod [2, 3]. The aim of the paper is to briefly consider the directions of the development of nonlinear acoustics and its successes which have been at the center of attention lately.     

Noise control measures in the new Singapore International Airport

This paper describes some of the noise control measures incorporated in the passenger terminal building at the new Singapore International Airport at Changi. As the acoustics adviser to the Changi Airport Development Division of the Public Works Department, the overall consultant of this multi-billion dollar project, the author reviews some of the special steps taken to incorporate some of the latest acoustics techniques in this airport.These include the establishment of norms for various factors such as permissible background noise levels to each of the rooms, offices, arrival and departure halls, etc. Specifications called for include optimum sound absorption and reverberations times, airborne sound insulation for internal and external building partitions and structureborne sound insulation, as well as a sophisticated sound reinforcement system.Because of the stringent requirements following some of these specifications, the factor of the skill and workmanship of the contractors involved in the erection of the partitions had to be allowed for. As a result, all suppliers and contractors were requested to send their building proposals for testing. This was done in the newly established Acoustics Laboratory of the National University of Singapore at Kent Ridge. Some of the tests carried out, based on International Standards ISO R140 and ASTM E90 on sound transmission loss and ISO R354 and ASTM C423 on sound absorption, are evaluated.     

A theoretical study of the vibration and acoustics of ancient Chinese bells

In this paper, the acoustics of an ancient Chinese bell, which was made some 3000 years B.C., is studied theoretically. In ancient times, a set of the bells was used as a musical instrument. Unlike a western church bell and an ancient Indian bell, an ancient Chinese bell has two interesting acoustics. First, two tones can be heard separately as the bell is struck at two special points. The interval between the two pitches is always a minor or major third. Second, tones of the bell attenuate quickly, which is necessary for a musical instrument. So, an ancient Chinese bell is sometimes called a two-tone bell or a music bell. Although a three-dimensional model should be used to simulate the acoustics of the bell, a simplified model proposed in this paper does give some insight. Based on the lens-shaped cross section of an ancient Chinese bell, two tones of an ancient Chinese bell can be simulated by the vibration of a double-circular arch and the quick attenuation of tones can be simulated by acoustics of a cylinder with the lens-shaped cross section like a double-circular arch. Numerical results on the vibration and acoustics of the models are presented.     

Acoustic comfort on board ships: An evaluation based on a questionnaire

An initial attempt has been made to understand factors that determine acoustic comfort for cruise ship passengers. Although no literature directly pertinent to the question could be found, use of elements from studies on railways coaches in a questionnaire administered to shipbuilder and sub-contractor professionals on board during sea trials was judged a relevant initial approach. The questionnaire, consisting of closed questions followed by open questions, was drawn up to assess acoustic comfort in relation to others factors (such as temperature or light) and to identify the main conditions causing acoustic discomfort. During two sea trials 100 questionnaires were completed. Acoustics, then temperature, are pointed out as the first two comfort criteria and the priorities for improvement. Creaking and squeaking noises, noise of engines and whistles from HVAC are the main reported causes of annoyance. The results of the investigation demonstrate the prominent role of acoustics in respect of ship-board comfort.     

Raising public awareness of acoustic principles using voice and speech production

Public engagement with science, technology, and engineering is seen as being increasingly important as the numbers of school leavers choosing to read for degrees in these areas is typically dropping. Engagement with pupils during their school years is seen as being a key element in influencing their choices of career for which seeds are sown from the primary years. Acoustics is an excellent vehicle for public engagement since the demonstrations can be appreciated directly by the sense of hearing and the underlying principles also apply in many branches of physics and engineering. This paper describes a number of demonstrations that have been employed during science engagement events for schools and the general public in the context of the principles of acoustics and human speech production. The apparatus used, which in some cases has been purpose-built, is described along with the activities themselves. In addition, a way to quantify the success of the process is proposed that involves a single button press on entry to and exit from an event.     

我国非线性声学方面的研究进展

轮廓地介绍了我国在非线性声学方面的研究状况和取得的成果,同时也概述了国外同行们的相应工作,对未来的工作提出了建议。     

空气中声源激发浅海水下声场传播特性的实验研究

为了获得空气中远距离声源激发水下声场的精细结构,2013年3月,声场声信息国家重点实验室在南海海域进行了一次空气中声源激发水下声场的实验。采用汽笛作为空气声源,海底放置水听器作为接收,在实验过程中,发射船由距离水听器2.4 km处行驶至9.8 km。本文对该次实验数据进行分析,获得了收发距离远达9.8 km、频率分别为128 Hz和256 Hz的声传播损失曲线,该曲线随传播距离变化存在清晰的震荡结构.利用波数积分方法计算实验环境下的水下声场理论值,并对获得的声场传播特性进行了较好的物理解释。      

环境噪声学进展

本文简要地回顾了30年来中国环境噪声学的发展，并从飞机噪声、地面运输噪声、环境噪声影响与评价以及工业噪声控制四个方面介绍了近年来环境噪声学的进展。     

厅堂声学计算机模型的应用(英)

此处所介绍的厅堂声学计算机模型计算了房间和多功能厅的声学响应。这个模型是以房厅的三维表示为基础的。每个墙面都赋予一个吸声系数,并且分成更小的单元。首先计算了单元间影响系数所组成的矩阵。对于给定的声源,可以计算每个单元收到的能量,产由此定出房厅内任一点的声级,这样又能够算出（ａ）随距离变化的衰减,（ｂ）在任一平面上的声照度,和（ｃ）任一点所收到声能的接收指向性。可以算出房厅内任一被选定点的回波图,作