Diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting elliptic cylinder

The scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by a perfectly conducting elliptic cylinder is investigated theoretically. The calculations are based upon the expansion of the scattered wave functions in terms of Mathieu functions. Both E- and H-polarized waves are considered. Numerical results, in particular for the scattering cross-section, are presented for cylinders the cross-sectional dimensions of which are up to many wavelengths (e.g. distance between the focal lines up to 20 wavelengths).     

A study of shock wave interaction with a rotating cylinder

Shock wave reflection over a rotating circular cylinder is numerically and experimentally investigated. It is shown that the transition from the regular reflection to the Mach reflection is promoted on the cylinder surface which rotates in the same direction of the incident shock motion, whereas it is retarded on the surface that rotates to the reverse direction. Numerical calculations solving the Navier-Stokes equations using extremely fine grids also reveal that the reflected shock transition from RR MR is either advanced or retarded depending on whether or not the surface motion favors the incident shock wave. The interpretation of viscous effects on the reflected shock transition is given by the dimensional analysis and from the viewpoint of signal propagation.Received: 24 April 2002, Accepted: 16 August 2002, Published online: 25 March 2003     

Diffraction of SH-Waves by an elliptic elastic cylinder

Diffraction of SH-waves by an elliptic elastic cylinder has been discussed. Results are derived also for the case of an elliptical cavity. Numerical results are presented for the shear stress on the cylinder.     

Unsteady motion of an elliptic cylinder under a free surface

A problem of generation of nonlinear unsteady waves on the surface of an ideal liquid in an infinitely deep fluid due to the motion of a submerged elliptic cylinder is considered. The initial formulation of the problem is reduced to an integrodifferential system of equations for the function defining the free surface shape and for the normal and tangential components of velocity on the free surface. The small-time asymptotics of the solution is constructed for the case of cylinder motion with a constant acceleration from the state at rest.     

较高Re数圆柱尾流的控制

引入一个窄条作为控制件,在Re=3.0×10 3~2.0×10 4范围内对圆柱尾流进行控制实验。窄条长度与柱体长度相同,厚 度为柱体直径的 0.015~0.025倍,宽度为柱体直径的0.18倍. 窄条的两个长边 与柱中心轴平行, 而且三者共面. 控制参数为窄条位置, 可由间距(窄条到柱轴)比λ/(0.5D)和风向角β (窄 条面与来流的夹角)确定. 采用流动显示和热线测量方法,对控制和未控制尾流的流动状态, 平均速度分布和脉动速度情况,以及作用于柱体和控制件的总阻力进行了研究和比较. 研究结果证明, 当窄条位于柱体尾流中一定区域内时, 可有效抑制柱体两侧的旋涡脱落.有效控制后的尾流湍流度也相应减小. 在不同Re数下,找出了有效抑制旋涡脱落的窄条位置区域, 并用动量积分估计了作用于柱体和窄条上的总阻力与光圆柱阻力的比值及其随风向角的变 化. 对λ/(0.5D)=2.9情况,得到了减阻的风向角区域(β=0°~40°与180°附近)以及最大减阻率32%.以上事实表明,在近尾流局部区域施加小的干扰,可改变较高Re数圆柱尾流的整体性质.     

Surface wave transference in a piezoelectric cylinder coated with reinforced material

The present study deals with the propagation of a polarized shear horizontal(SH)wave in a pre-stressed piezoelectric cylinder circumscribed by a self-reinforced cylinder.The interface of the two media is assumed mechanically imperfect.For obtaining the dispersion relation,the mathematical formulation has been developed and solved by an analytical treatment.The effects of various parameters,i.e.,the thickness ratio,the imperfect interface,the initial stress,the reinforcement,and the piezoelectric and dielectric constants,on the dispersion curve are observed prominently.The dispersion curves for different modes have been also plotted.The consequences of the study may be used for achieving optimum efficiency of acoustic wave devices.     

Axi-symmetric wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a piezoelectric layer

This paper presents the wave propagation in a cylinder coated with a thin piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric coupling effects are fully modeled in the mechanics model for this piezoelectric coupled cylindrical shell with bending resistance. The decoupled torsional wave velocity and the dispersion curves for the two- mode shell model are obtained theoretically. The cut-off frequency and phase velocities at limit wave number are also derived. The numerical simulations are conducted to present the results of wave propagation in this cylindrical shell and as well as to compare the results by the current bending theory and the membrane shell theory. From the comparisons, the results display obvious deference of wave propagations in terms of dispersion characteristics by different shell theories when thicker piezoelectric layer are used and when higher wave number is considered. The results of this paper can serve as a reference for future study on wave propagation in coupled structures as well as in the design of smart structures incorporating piezoelectric materials.     

Simulation of blast wave propagation over a cylinder

A numerical study of the interaction of plane blast waves with a cylinder is presented. Computations are carried out for various blast-wave durations and comparisons are obtained with the corresponding results of planar shock-wave. Both inviscid and viscous results based on the solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are presented. The equations are solved by an adaptive-grid method and a second-order Godunov scheme. The shock wave diffraction over the cylinder is investigated by means of various contour plots, as well as, pressure and skin-friction histories. The study reveals that the blast-wave duration significantly influences the unsteady flow over the cylinder. The differences between the viscous and inviscid results are also discussed. Received 2 March 1996 / Accepted 28 February 1997     

Localization of wave motions in a fluid-filled cylinder

The properties of harmonic surface waves in a fluid-filled cylinder made of a compliant material are studied. The wave motions are described by a complete system of dynamic equations of elasticity and the equation of motion of a perfect compressible fluid. An asymptotic analysis of the dispersion equation for large wave numbers and a qualitative analysis of the dispersion spectrum show that there are two surface waves in this waveguide system. The first normal wave forms a Stoneley wave on the inside surface with increase in the wave number. The second normal wave forms a Rayleigh wave on the outside surface. The phase velocities of all the other waves tend to the velocity of the shear wave in the cylinder material. The dispersion, kinematic, and energy characteristics of surface waves are analyzed. It is established how the wave localization processes differ in hard and compliant materials of the cylinder __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 72–86, April 2008.     

Wake-induced vibrations of an elastically mounted cylinder located downstream of a stationary larger cylinder at low Reynolds numbers

Two-dimensional numerical simulations of flow past two unequal-sized circular cylinders in tandem arrangement are performed at low Reynolds numbers (Re). The upstream larger cylinder is stationary, while the downstream cylinder has both one (transverse-only) and two (transverse and in-line) degrees of freedom (1-dof and 2-dof, respectively). The Re, based on the free stream velocity U_∞ and the downstream cylinder diameter d, varies between 50 and 200 with a wide range of reduced velocities U_r. The diameter of the upstream cylinder is twice that of the downstream cylinder, and the center-to-center spacing is 5.5d. In general, for the 1-dof case, the calculations show that the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) of the downstream cylinder are greatly amplified when compared to the case of a single cylinder or two equal-sized cylinders. The transverse amplitudes build up to a significantly higher level within and beyond the lock-in region, and the U_r associated with the peak amplitude shifts toward a higher value. The dominant wake pattern is 2S mode for Re=50 and 100, while with the increase of Re to 150 and 200, the P+S mode can be clearly observed at some lower U_r. For the 2-dof vibrations, the transverse response characteristics are similar to those presented in the corresponding 1-dof case. The in-line responses are generally much smaller, except for several significant vibrations resulting from in-line resonance. The obvious in-line vibration may induce a C (chaotic) vortex shedding mode for higher Re (Re=200). With regard to the 2-dof motion trajectories, besides the typical figure-eight pattern, several odd patterns such as figure-double eight and single-looped trajectories are also obtained due to the wake interference effect.     

The evolution of starting vortex and secondary separation on an elliptic cylinder

Flow visualization was used to investigate experimentally the evolution process from symmetrical shedding to staggered shedding of the starting vortex and the phenomenon of secondary separation on an elliptic cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers. The vortex structure of the flow separation was studied. The temporal variation of separation angle and length of wake vortex were given. The photographs and experimental results provided basis for further investigation of the complicated feature of the starting process of unsteady separated flows around an elliptic cylinder. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.