非共轭高聚物可以导电

原来认为,具有单双键交替的共轭骨架是导电高聚物的基本结构特征。AT ＆ T Bell实验室的M.K.Thakur最近发现,在天然橡胶(顺式聚异戊二烯)掺碘以后可具有导电性,电导率为10~(-1)—10~(-2)(Q·cm)~(-1),比未处理者高约10个量级。Thakur认为基本上属于电子导电,载流子在不同高聚物链之间跳跃。反式聚异戊二烯     

基于硫杂萘二酰亚胺的席夫碱型聚合物电子传输材料

将苯甲醛基团引入到硫杂萘二酰亚胺共轭骨架中,与不同共轭程度和刚性的芳香二胺进行缩合反应,构筑了一类基于硫杂萘二酰亚胺的席夫碱型聚合物P1、P2、P3。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、循环伏安等研究了材料的基本物理化学性质。这类聚合物具有良好的成膜性和较低的最低未占分子轨道能级(-4.07～-4.19 eV)。聚合物P3含有刚性萘单元,其UVVis的最大吸收波长(λ_(max))为754 nm,比P1和P2分别红移了约76 nm和75 nm。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,聚合物P1、P2、P3的薄膜均呈现无定形的特征。以溶液甩膜法制备了此类聚合物的有机场效应晶体管(OFET)器件,其中聚合物P3的薄膜经300℃热退火,其OFET器件的电子迁移率可达2.47×10~(-3) cm~2/(V·s),开关比为10~5,表明聚合物P3是一种可耐高温处理的n-型半导体材料。在聚合物共轭骨架中引入刚性的结构单元,可以有效调控吸收光谱、能级结构和薄膜形貌,进而提升OFET器件性能。     

基于氟代异靛蓝并[7,6-g]异靛蓝的共轭聚合物的合成及其半导体性质

采用Stille缩聚,合成了3个异靛蓝并[7,6-g]异靛蓝(DIID)和乙烯单元交替排列的共轭聚合物P0F、P2F和P4F,三者在DIID单元中分别含0、2和4个氟原子(F).3个聚合物均具有良好的平面性,前线分子轨道几乎在整个共轭骨架上离域.它们均具有宽的吸收光谱,吸收范围在400~1000 nm,光学带隙约为1.25 eV;随着氟原子数目的增加,聚合物的最高占有分子轨道(HOMO)和最低空分子轨道(LUMO)能级依次下降0.1~0.2 eV.以这3个聚合物作为活性层,制备了顶栅-底接触型有机场效应晶体管器件,随着氟原子数目的增加,聚合物的传输性质由双极传输变为n型传输.P0F和P2F是双极传输型聚合物,空穴迁移率(μ_h)分别达到0.11和0.30 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1),电子迁移率(me)分别达到0.22和1.19 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1).P4F是n型聚合物,me达到0.18 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1).     

导电性聚西佛碱的研究——Ⅱ.含硫聚西佛碱的掺杂及掺杂材料性能

共轭型含硫聚西佛碱是一新颖聚合物,本征导电率为3.4×10~(-11)S/cm,当该聚合物以碘、溴、五氯化锑和萘钠等掺杂后,导电性可进一步提高。碘掺杂该聚合物后导电性可达10~(-3)S/cm,且具有良好的耐候稳定性和高掺杂度特点。研究了掺杂材料的耐温性及各种试制对其导电性的影响。     

三苯胺-噁二唑超支化共轭聚合物的多光子泵浦绿色荧光

采用钯催化Heck反应制备了一种新型三苯胺-噁二唑超支化荧光聚合物PI. 用飞秒Ti:sapphire激光研究了PI的三光子和双光子上转换荧光光谱, 激发波长位于近红外区(800~1350 nm). 在1280 nm和80 fs激光激发下, PI的三光子上转换荧光发射波长分别为525 nm(THF), 534 nm(CH2Cl2)和578 nm(DMF). 在800 nm和150 fs激光激发下, PI的双光子上转换荧光发射波长分别为527 nm(THF), 532 nm(CH2Cl2)和573 nm(DMF). 采用非线性透过率法测定荧光聚合物PI的三光子和双光子吸收系数. 系统研究了PI的线性吸收和透过、单光子荧光、荧光寿命、前线轨道能级及热稳定性. 实验结果表明, 三苯胺-噁二唑超支化共轭聚合物的多光子吸收和上转换荧光发射性能比树型分子或线型聚合物更为优异.     

富羧酸基团的共轭微孔聚合物:结构单元对孔隙和气体吸附性能的影响（英文）

共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)骨架中的孔和极性基团对聚合物的气体吸附性能起着重要作用。阐明聚合物中极性基团的效果对该领域的进一步发展是必不可少的。为了解决这个根本问题,我们使用最简单的芳香系统-苯作为建筑单体,构筑了两个新颖的富羧酸基团的CMPs(CMP-COOH@1,CMP-COOH@2),并探讨了CMPs中游离羧酸基团的量对其孔隙、吸附焓、气体吸附和选择性的深远影响。CMP-COOH@1和CMP-COOH@2显示的BET比表面积分别为835和765 m~2?g~(-1)。这两种聚合物在二氧化碳存储方面显示了高潜力。在273 K和1.05×10~5 Pa条件下,CMP-COOH@1和CMP-COOH@2的CO_2吸附值分别为2.17和2.63 mmol?g~(-1)。我们的研究结果表明,在相同的条件下增加聚合物中羧基基团的含量可以提高材料对气体的吸附容量和选择性。     

聚芳香炔铂太阳能电池的制备与性能

设计合成了2种聚芳香炔铂共轭高分子给体(聚合物1, 3)和一种芳香炔铂共轭高分子受体(聚合物2), 并对其光物理特性进行了研究. 聚合物3被激发后, 与聚合物2之间既可以发生激发单重态-单重态的电子转移, 也可以发生激发三重态-三重态的电子转移. 分别对聚芳香炔铂共轭高分子给体和芳香炔铂共轭高分子受体组成的太阳能电池的特性进行了研究. 其弱的光伏特性归因于明显的激发单重态-单重态电子转移过程及此类高分子较低的导电特性. 电致发光实验结果表明, 聚合物3的阳离子自由基主要由其激发三重态决定.     

聚对-亚苯基苯并二噻唑的导电性能

聚对-亚苯基苯并二噻唑(PBZT)的取向薄膜是由苯环及苯杂环组成的直棒状刚性大分子组成.分子链上的非定域π电子是其具有导电性能的基本条件.经交流复阻抗谱法测得PBZT簿膜在取向方向的电导率σ_∥为10~(-6)s·cm~(-1),在簿膜厚度方向的电导率σ_⊥为10~(-10)s·cm~(-1).PBZT取向簿膜电导率具有很大的各向异性,σ∥/σ⊥=10~4.在460℃以上热处理,PBZT分子的共轭结构可进一步改善,共轭链长增加了,可使电导率提高一个数量级.     

类蜘蛛丝聚合物结构及分子运动的固体核磁共振研究

运用固体核磁共振(NMR)技术研究了聚丙氨酸多肽片段(Ala)5与高分子齐聚物聚苯乙烯(PS, 分子量2000)及聚异戊二烯(PI, 分子量2210)共聚而成的类蜘蛛丝蛋白聚合物——聚苯乙烯-co-聚丙氨酸聚合物(PS-co-PAL)和聚异戊二烯-co-聚丙氨酸聚合物(PI-co-PAL)的结构及分子运动. 聚合物13C CP/MAS NMR(交叉极化/魔角旋转核磁共振)谱及其旋转坐标系中自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T1ρ(13C))的结果表明, 此两种聚合物中多肽片段(Ala)5具有相同的化学位移, 即相似的化学环境和二级结构, 并具有相近的T1ρ(13C), 即类似的聚集态结构. 聚合物的宏观力学性质明显不同: 常温下, PS-co-PAL呈硬颗粒状, PI-co-PAL呈橡胶状且易拉伸. 结果说明聚合物力学性质与高分子链段的性质密切相关. PI-co-PAL聚合物的PI链段, 其骨架—CH2CH—的T1ρ为(5.3±0.4) ms, 而PS-co-PAL聚合物的PS链段, 其骨架—CH2CH—的T1ρ为(47.0±5.5) ms, 说明二聚合物中PI链段较PS链段更为柔软. 另外, 基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的化学位移计算证明, 聚合物PS-co-PAL和PI-co-PAL中多肽片段(Ala)5的二面角均为(-131°, 142°), 说明它们以β-折叠构象存在.     

聚合物支撑的金属有机骨架膜的制备及其气体分离性能

由于MOF(金属有机骨架)膜与基底之间的作用力较薄弱,所以制备具有高的H_2渗透性和H_2/CO_2选择性的致密连续的大面积金属有机骨架膜仍具有巨大挑战。本文选取多孔Al_2O_3作为基底,在表面涂覆一层PIM-1(一种固有微孔聚合物),并对其进行羧基化处理,使得表面具有大量的羧基基团,随后利用羧基与金属之间的相互作用,原位生长得到了两种致密连续的聚合物支撑的MOF膜(PIM-1-COOH/ZIF-8和PIM-1-COOH/HKUST-1)。通过XRD的表征可以看出MOF膜是纯相的并且具有较高的结晶性;SEM的测试结果表明MOF膜是致密连续的并且MOF膜与基底之间紧密结合。气体分离测试结果表明,这两种MOF膜对H_2具有较高的渗透性以及H_2/CO_2选择性。在常温常压下,对于PIM-1-COOH/ZIF-8和PIM-1-COOH/HKUST-1膜,H_2/CO_2双组分气体的分离系数分别为7.32、9.69,并且它们H_2的渗透通量分别高于3.16×10~(-6)、1.14×10~(-6) mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1)。在单组份测试中,这两种MOF膜的H_2/CO_2的理想分离系数分别为7.70、12.04;H_2的渗透通量分别高达3.73×10~(-6)、3.86×10~(-6) mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1),这就表明这两种MOF膜有望在H_2的纯化和分离方面广泛应用。     

Conductivity study of stretch-oriented new polyacetylene

Oriented polyacetylene samples were synthetized and doped with iodine and FeCl₃. Their electric conductivity and anisotropy were measured within the temperature range 4-300 K. The results were described using the Ping Sheng model. It is concluded that the factors limiting the conductivity parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction are the same and thus no interfibrillar conduction occurs. Some processes related to the mechanical stretching are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

磺掺杂和非掺杂高取向反式聚乙炔导电性能的各向异性

本文应用量子化学EHMO/CO方法计算了高取向反式聚乙炔及其碘掺杂物的二维能带结构,并以此为依据讨论了它们导电性能的各向异性.平行于分子链方向的电导率与垂直于该方向的电导率之比(σ~1/σ~⊥)取决于这两个方向上价带宽和导带宽的大小.碘掺杂后σ~1/σ~⊥下降,其原因是链间耦合增强的结果.这也使掺杂后的反式聚乙炔成为链间相互作用微弱的三维体系.计算结果与实验结果较好地吻合.     

聚乙炔掺杂导电的双向机制

提出了一种掺杂聚乙炔的双向导电机理。垂直聚乙炔分子链方向的电荷输运是通过掺杂原子(或分子)在链间振动实现的;平行分子链方向的电荷输运是通过电荷密度波的传播实现的。掺杂聚乙炔的电导率随掺杂剂与聚乙炔链之间电荷转移量的增大而增大。     

Anisotropic heat transport in nanoconfined polyamide-6,6 oligomers: atomistic reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation

While polymers are known as thermal insulators, recent studies show that stretched single chains of polymers have a very high thermal conductivity. In this work, our new simulation scheme for simulation of heat flow in nanoconfined fluids [H. Eslami, L. Mohammadzadeh, and N. Mehdipour, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 064703 (2011)] is employed to study the effect of chain ordering (stretching) on the rate of heat transfer in polyamide-6,6 nanoconfined between graphene surfaces. Our results for the heat flow in the parallel direction (the plane of surfaces) show that the coefficient of thermal conductivity depends on the intersurface distance and is much higher than that of the bulk polymer. A comparison of results in this work with our former findings on the heat flow in the perpendicular direction, with the coefficient of heat conductivity less than the bulk sample, reveal that well-organized polymer layers between the confining surfaces show an anisotropic heat conduction; the heat conduction in the direction parallel to the surfaces is much higher than that in the perpendicular direction. The origin of such anisotropy in nanometric heat flow is shown to be the dramatic anisotropy in chain conformations (chain stretching) beside the confining surfaces. The results indicate that the coefficients of heat conductivity in both directions, normal and parallel to the surfaces, depend on the degree of polymer layering between the surfaces and the pore width.     

Anisotropic conductivity of undoped and [FeCl4]-doped trans-polyacetylene

EHMO/CO (crystal orbital) quantum chemical methods were used to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) energy band structures of highly oriented trans-polyacetylene (PA) undoped and doped with [FeCl₄]⁻. The band gaps (E_g) of undoped PA in directions parallel and perpendicular to the oriented direction were 1.195 and 3.040 eV, respectively, and that of doped PA with [FeCl₄]⁻ were 0.0223 and 0.0504 eV, respectively. Based on the calculational results, the changes in conductive properties from undoped PA to [FeCl₄]⁻ doped PA could be interpreted. The conductivity anisotropy ratio σ/σ decreased when PA was doped by [FeCl₄]⁻, because the PA chain and the dopant showed a strong interchain coupling. The theoretical results for undoped and doped PA were in good agreement with the experiment.     

Some aspects of doping mechanism in Polyschwefelnitrid (SN)x

(SN)x crystals doped with iodine atoms showed ten or more additional diffuse streaks perpendicular to the b^*-axis, appearing between the layer lines of the electron diffraction pattern of pristine (SN)x. However, only four of these were observed in the X ray diffraction pattern. These four diffuse streaks suggest that the iodine atoms are structured with a one-dimensional order. The extra diffuse streaks can be explained by the double diffraction between the four streaks and the spotty diffractions of (SN)x. The double diffraction results from the microfibrillar nature of the (SN)x. From X-ray microanalysis of doped (SN)x, the iodine content in the specimen was found to change mainly in the direction along the chain axis and almost constant in the direction perpendicular to it. The distribution of iodine atoms indicates that the dopants diffuse preferentially along the molecular axis through disordered domains between fine fibrils comprised in (SN)x crystals. Then the dopants are settled in the narrow disordered domains and give the extra streaked diffraction.     

Iodine release and recovery, influence of polyiodide anions on electrical conductivity and nonlinear optical activity in an interdigitated and interpenetrated bipillared-bilayer metal-organic framework

{[Cu6(pybz)8(OH)2]·I5(–)·I7(–)}n (1), obtained hydrothermally by using iodine molecules as a versatile precursor template, consists of a cationic framework with two types of zigzag channels, which segregate I5(–) and I7(–) anions. The framework exhibits the first observed bipillared-bilayer structure featuring both interdigitation and interpenetration. 1 displays high framework stability in both acidic (HCl) and alkaline (NaOH) solutions. 1 slowly releases iodine in dry methanol to give [Cu6(pybz)8(OH)2](I–)2·3.5CH3OH (1′) and partially recovers iodine from cyclohexane to form [Cu6(pybz)8(OH)2](I–)2·xI2 (1″). Differences of up to 100 times in electrical conductivity and of 4 times in nonlinear optical activity (NLO) have been measured between 1 and 1′. This compound is one of few displaying multifunctionality, electrical conductivity, NLO, and crystal–crystal stability upon release and recovery of iodine. It is also unique in the iodine release from polyiodide anions in a metal–organic framework.     

溴和碘掺杂高取向反式聚乙炔导电性能各向异性研究

根据固体能带理论,用EHMO/CO方法,计算了高取向反式聚乙炔及溴和碘掺杂态的二维能带结构,讨论了其导电性能的各向异性.研究表明,平行和垂直于分子链方向的电导率之比(σ_///σ_⊥上)取决于这两个方向上能隙和带宽的大小掺杂后σ_///σ_⊥下降是由于掺杂剂使链间栖合作用增强所致.理论计算与实验结果一致.     

Photofragment alignment in the photodissociation of I2 from 450 to 510 nm

A combination of velocity map imaging and slicing techniques have been used to measure the product recoil anisotropy and angular momentum polarization for the photodissociation process I2-->I(2P(3/2))+I(2P(3/2)) and I2-->I(2P(3/2)))+I(2P(1/2)) in the 450-510 nm laser wavelength region using linearly polarized photolysis and probe laser light. The former channel is produced predominantly via perpendicular excitation to the 1Piu state, and the latter is predominantly parallel, via the B 3Pi(0u)+ state. In both cases we observe mostly adiabatic dissociation, which produces electronically aligned iodine atoms in the mid /m/=1/2 states with respect to the recoil direction.     

Self-directed chain reaction by small ketones with the dangling bond site on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface: acetophenone, a unique example

Using scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 300 K, we studied the growth of one-dimensional molecular assemblies (molecular lines) on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface through the chain reaction of small ketone (CH 3COCH 3, PhCOPh, and PhCOCH 3) molecules with dangling bond (DB) sites of the substrate. Acetone and benzophenone show the growth of molecular lines exclusively parallel to the dimer row direction. In contrast, acetophenone molecules show some molecular lines perpendicular, in addition to parallel, to the dimer row direction. Most of the molecular lines perpendicular to the dimer row direction were grown by self-turning the propagation direction of a chain reaction from parallel to perpendicular directions relative to the dimer row. A chiral center created upon adsorption of an acetophenone molecule allows the adsorbed molecules to align with identical as well as alternate enantiomeric forms along the dimer row direction, whereas such variations in molecular arrangement are not observed in the case of acetone and benzophenone molecules. The observed molecular lines growth both parallel and perpendicular to dimer row directions appears to be unique to acetophenone among all the molecules studied to date. Hence, the present study opens new possibility for fabricating one-dimensional molecular assemblies of various compositions in both high-symmetry directions on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface.