Determination of Aniline in Water by Microwave-Assisted Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography

Determination of aniline in wastewater was investigated by microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME), for one-step in-situ sample preparation, and gas chromatography. Aniline in the water was evaporated into the headspace under the action of microwave irradiation and adsorbed directly by the SPME fiber. After desorption in the GC injection port and gas chromatography aniline was detected by FID. Conditions affecting the extraction efficiency, for example the pH of the water, addition of salt, microwave power and irradiation time, and desorption conditions were investigated. Experimental results indicated that adjustment of the pH of the water sample to 12 and headspace SPME sampling with a PDMS-DVB fiber under medium–high power irradiation (345 W) for 3 min resulted in the best extraction efficiency. Desorption of aniline was optimum when the SPME fiber was heated at 230 °C for 3 min. The detection limit was approximately 0.01 g mL^–1. The proposed method is a simple, fast, and organic-solvent-free procedure for analysis of aniline in water. Application was illustrated by analysis of aniline in wastewater from a polymer factory.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱联用技术分析混合气体中微量氢

制备钯-5A分子筛萃取头,使用固相微萃取-气相色谱联用技术,建立了对混合气体中微量氢气的分析方法.实验结果表明,含氢浓度在0.0011~0.1250 mL/L范围内,具有良好线性关系,检出限为9×10-4mL/L.此方法和气相色谱法比较,有更高的灵敏度和更少的干扰,2种方法的标准偏差为8.7%.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱测定植物叶片中的挥发性物质

采用固相微萃取（SPME)方法吸附植物叶片中的挥发性物质,然后采用气相色谱/质谱法（GC/MS）分析了挥发性物 质的成分。在45 ℃水浴温度下,采用Polyacrylate(85 μm)固相微萃取头,在广口瓶中植物叶片的上方顶空吸附60 min,然后进行GC/MS分析。结果表明,植物叶片中的挥发性物质得到了很好的分离,受山楂叶螨(Tetraychus vienneis) 危害严重的植物的完好叶片中的挥发性物质均含有顺-3-己烯-1-醇乙酸酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇丁酸酯和α-法呢烯,且含量 较大。初步确定这些物质是对山楂叶螨具有引诱作用的主要物质,从而为利用天然生物活性物质防治山楂叶螨提供了理论 依据。     

固相微萃取和同时蒸馏萃取与气相色谱/质谱法分析芥末膏制品的风味成分

采用固相微萃取和同时蒸馏萃取技术分离芥末膏制品的挥发性成分，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析鉴定，对总离子流色谱的峰面积进行归一化定量。共鉴定了２２种化学成分，占总峰面积的９９％以上，其中含硫化合物８种，含氮化物３种，含氧化合物１１种。最主要的成分是异硫氰酸烯丙酯，其次是丙二醇，其他主要成分还有对羟基二叔丁基甲苯、油酸、９－十六烯酸、棕榈酸、５－甲基甲氢噻吩－２酮、二烯丙基二硫化物，异硫氰酸苯乙酯等。比较了各种萃取技术对分析结果的影响，同时蒸馏萃取法不能分离出水溶性成分如丙二醇等，在固相微萃取方法中，聚二甲基硅氧烷纤维头对极性较强的成分的取样效果不理想，聚乙二醇－二乙烯苯纤维头顶空取样的萃取效果最好。     

自动固相微萃取与气相色谱联用测定水中二氯二苯三氯乙烷

采用自动进样固相微萃取技术(Automated SPME)与毛细管气相色谱联用,对环境水体中的有机氯杀虫剂DDT进行了分析。萃取过程中采用纤维震动方式,缩短了萃取平衡时间,自动操作减小了分析误差。同手动SPME相比,自动SPME简单快速、准确,重现性和灵敏度得到很大提高,方法的检出限达0．2ng／L。对珠江三角洲养殖水体中DDT进行了分析。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中甲拌磷农药

建立了基于分散液液微萃取(DLLME)的新型样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器对水样中痕量的甲拌磷农药进行了测定。考察了影响分散液液微萃取的因素包括萃取溶剂、分散剂、样品体积、萃取温度和离心速度等。在最佳实验条件下,对甲拌磷的富集倍数达到300倍;检出限为0.001μL/L;方法的线性范围为0.01~10μL/L,R2为0.9986;相对标准偏差为6.65%;回收率为104%。将分散液液微萃取法与单滴液相微萃取和离子液体-液相微萃取方法进行了对比,结果表明,分散液液微萃取技术具有操作简单、快捷(前处理时间小于5 min)、富集效果好、回收率高等优点。同时预言,将离子液体与分散液液微萃取结合,将会产生更加满意的结果。     

动态液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中有机磷农药残留

建立了水样中敌敌畏、二嗪农、毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷和对硫磷等5种有机磷农药的动态液相微萃取-气相色谱检测方法。实验表明甲苯是良好的萃取溶剂，甲苯体积为2μL时达到最佳萃取效果。液相微萃取是一种非平衡萃取过程，随着萃取次数的增加，萃取效率不断提高，本研究选择萃取次数为25次。在优化的实验条件下，各目标物的萃取富集倍数为21-60；回收率0．85％-2．38％之间；方法的检出限为0．1-0．3μg／L；基体加标检测的相对标准偏差(RSD)为4．9％-8．0％。本方法可用于水体中痕量有机磷农药的富集检测。     

Solid-phase Microextraction of Volatile Polar Compounds in Water

A method was developed for the analysis of volatile polar compounds in a water matrix using open cap vials Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC). Both SPME techniques – direct sampling and headspace – were tested. Optimization of experimental conditions – exposure time, desorption time, with headspace SPME in addition the influence of the temperature and ionic strength of the sample solution on compound sorption, and finally GC response – were investigated. The analytes were extracted by directly immersing the 85 μm polyacrylate fiber in the aqueous sample or in the headspace. The linear range of the preconcentration process and the precision were examined. The amount of polar analytes sorbed on the fiber was determined and was found to be concentration dependent; it amounted to 0.014–0.64% in the concentration range of 0.00425–425 ppm studied in aqueous solution for direct sampling SPME and to 0.011–2.76% for solutions of concentration 0.0425–255 ppm for headspace SPME. The limits of determination were ascertained. Headspace SPME was applied to the analysis of real-life samples.     

液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了水试样中5种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯的单液滴液相微萃取-气相色谱检测方法。确定了对单液滴液相微萃取(SDME)的最佳实验条件。DMP、DEP、DBP、DEHP和DOP的方法检出限分别为0.042、0.0037、0.0097、0.045和0.23μg/L。将该方法应用于某江水、湖水、自来水和饮用纯净水试样的检测,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.4%~14.0%;回收率在90.8%~107.0%。本方法简单、快速并且成本低、可信度高。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析干柴胡药材中有机挥发物

采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测分析干柴胡药材中挥发性成分,选用聚丙烯酸酯涂层,就萃取时间、温度、体积、样品量、预热时间及脱附时间等条件进行了优化,结果表明,30mL萃取瓶里0．5g样品90℃温度下预热40min后,以85μmPA涂层顶空萃取50min,于250℃脱附5min,测得88个峰,鉴定26种化合物成分。方法所得结果与传统提取方法(蒸馏提取法)比较,相对含量较高的成分一致,方法重现性理想,可应用于柴胡药材挥发性物质的快速分析。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相法测定酒中的甲醇和杂醇油

 采用环氧树脂作为固相涂层制作固相微萃取 (SPME)装置 ,建立了顶空固相微萃取 气相法 (HS SPME GC)测定酒精饮料中甲醇和杂醇油的方法 ,并对萃取条件和条件进行了优化。方法的检出限为 0 0 2mg/L～0 0 4mg/L ,相对标准偏差为 1 4 %～ 4 1% ;与顶空气相法相比 ,灵敏度可提高 2 0倍～ 30 0倍。将该法用于啤酒、葡萄酒和保健酒中的甲醇和杂醇油的测定 ,加标回收率为 80 8%～ 110 3% ;与顶空气相法 (国家标准方法 )进行了比较 ,相对误差不大于 7 3%。该法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好 ,拓宽了SPME的应用范围。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法快速测定水中23种有机磷农药

建立了分散液液微萃取(DLLME)的新型样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱/火焰光度检测器对饮用水中的治螟磷、甲拌磷、二嗪农、乙拌磷、甲基毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、皮蝇磷、杀螟松、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、倍硫磷、对硫磷、溴硫磷、嘧啶磷、甲基异硫磷、稻丰散、杀扑磷、丙溴磷、乙硫磷、三唑磷、三硫磷、哒嗪硫磷、亚胺硫磷23种痕量有机磷农药残...     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸

采用溶胶凝胶聚甲基苯基乙烯基硅氧烷萃取头萃取饮料中山梨酸和苯甲酸,用直接固相微萃取与气相色谱联用进行测定,通过试验确定了萃取时间、酸度等萃取条件。山梨酸和苯甲酸的浓度在0.2～40μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9988,0.9989,检出限分别为0.0332,0.00320μg/mL,饮料样品和加标样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.18%～7.03%(n=3),两个添加水平的加标回收率为80.5%～96.5%。该方法灵敏度比传统的液–液萃取气相色谱法高。     

固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用分析环境水样中的痕量多环芳烃

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用同时测定环境水样中8种多环芳烃的分析方法。优化了萃取时间、萃取温度、解吸时间、解吸溶液、解吸模式等条件。该法对8种多环芳烃的检出限为0.002-0.180 μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)为4.4%-12.2%。用该法分析江水中的痕量多环芳烃,除苯并［b］荧蒽外,其他7种多环芳烃的回收率为91.1%-115.8%,RSD(n=3)为3.6%-18.8%。方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于快速分析环境水样中的痕量多环芳烃。     

一滴溶剂微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法分析水中的七种硝基苯类化合物

用一滴溶剂微萃取(SDME)-毛细管气相色谱联用技术测定水中的硝基苯、硝基甲苯类和硝基氯苯类化合物,对影响萃取的因素如萃取溶剂种类、液滴体积、搅拌速度、针尖入水深度、水样体积、萃取时间、萃取温度等进行了优化,结果表明:硝基苯和硝基甲苯类化合物在0.8～32 μg/L 范围内,硝基氯苯类化合物在0.04～3.2 μg/L 范围内均呈现良好的线性(r2>0.999),检出限可达0.01～0.3 μg/L。自来水加标样品测定的相对标准偏差和平均回收率(n=5)范围分别为3.1%～7.9%和101%～105%,废水加标样品测定的相对标准偏差和平均回收率(n=5)范围分别为3.3%～7.9%和92.5%～97.0%。优化后的SDME具有环保、灵敏、快速、简便等特点,适用于萃取水中的痕量硝基苯、硝基甲苯类和硝基氯苯类化合物。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析水中痕量1-萘酚

利用固相微萃取（ＳＰＭＥ）－气相色谱法（ＧＣ）分析了水中前量的１－萘酚。对于ＳＰＭＥ萃取头,溶液介质条件、吸附和解吸时间进行了研究。结果表明,ＰＡ＿８５萃取头对于水中１－萘酚的富集效果最佳。而无机盐氯化钠的加入和降低ＰＨ值可以明显地改善萃取效果。在优化后的条件下,ＳＰＭＥ－ＧＣ方法对于水中１－萘酚的检测限可达０．５μｇ／Ｌ,分析过程中标准偏差均小于４％。     

吹扫-捕集气相色谱法测定水中挥发性卤代烃

研究建立了吹扫 捕集法富集样品 ,利用HP 1大口径厚液膜通用型熔融石英毛细管柱 (30m× 0 .5 3mm×2 .6 5 μm) ,ECD检测器 ,测定水中 10种挥发性卤代烃的方法 ,确定了最佳吹扫 捕集条件 .结果表明 :水样体积为 5mL时 ,标准偏差在 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 7μg L之间 ,变异系数在 1.0 9%～ 3.2 8%之间 ,加标回收率为 94.0 %～ 10 7%之间 ,10种物质的检出限在 0 .0 7～ 0 .19μg L之间     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中毒死蜱

水样中的毒死蜱经全自动固相萃取仪萃取、乙酸乙酯洗脱后,用气相色谱火焰光度检测法测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量．结果表明：选用ENVI-18小柱萃取、乙酸乙酯洗脱,在2mL／min的过水速率下取得了良好的回收率．方法的线性范围为0．25～4．0mg／L．r为0．9998,回收率为88．6％～100．6％,相对标准偏差为2．58％～7．34％,最低定量浓度为2．5μg／L．本方法快速、灵敏、准确,并能够很好的排除干扰,可以满足水中痕量毒死蜱的测定．     

Analysis of Wine Bouquet Components Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Capillary Gas Chromatography

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS/SPME) was studied and optimized for the capillary gas chromatographic (CGC) analysis of wine aroma compounds. The results were compared with those obtained using the direct sampling mode (DI/SPME) and using liquid/liquid extraction with Kaltron. The aromatic patterns obtained by HS/SPME-CGC were applied to the chemometric classification of wine varieties. The HS/SPME-CGC standard additional method is an appropriate technique for the quantitative analysis of volatile wine aroma compounds.     

Headspace Single-Drop Microextraction with Gas Chromatography for Determination of Volatile Halocarbons in Water Samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive procedure for extraction and analysis of volatile halocarbons in water samples was presented using the headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME) technique and gas chromatography with microcell electron capture detector (GC-μECD). Operation parameters. such as extraction solvent. headspace volume. organic drop volume. salt concentration. temperature and sampling time, were studied and optimized. Extraction of 10 volatile halocarbon compounds was achieved using the optimized method. Calibration curves of 10 target compounds yielded good linearity in the respective range of concentration (R ² ≥ 0.9968, chlorodibromomethane in the concentration range of 0.05–50 μg/L). The limits of detection were found between 0.002 (tetrachloroethene) and 0.374μg/L (1,1,2-trichloroethane). and relative standard deviations (RSD%) ranged between 4.3 (chloroform) and 9.7% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). Spiked recoveries of tap water and ground water agreed well with the known values between 118.97 (20.0μg/L of 1,1,2-trichloroethane) and 82.61% (10.0μg/L of tetrachloroethene), demonstrating that the HS-SDME combined GC-μECD was a useful and reliable technique for the rapid determination of volatile halocarbon compounds in water samples.