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1.
J. R. Peterson 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1997,219(2):231-236
This successful educational program in nuclear and radiochemistry for advanced undergraduate students is described. Funding from the U.S. Department of Energy supports 24 fellowships for participants in the intensive six-week programs at San Jose State University (CA) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY). Students are provided transportation to and from the school site, room and board, books, lab supplies, and six units of college credit. The instructional program consists of lectures and laboratory exercises that cover the fundamentals of nuclear theory, radiochemistry, nuclear instrumentation, radiological safety, and applications in research, midicine, and industry. Guest lectures and field trips broaden the students' exposure to nuclear science. Assistance is provided in the following year to those students who wish to join a research project at a university or national laboratory, and thereafter, in their applications to graduate or professional school. 相似文献
2.
Today’s nuclear curricula have the purpose to fulfil labor requirements of the nuclear market, both power and applications,
as well as keeping up the academic level required for research and development in nuclear sciences. This work analyses the
power and applications markets and the situation of nuclear education in several countries, including Mexico, as well as collective
efforts promoted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other organizations. Conclusions are obtained about
the status and trends in nuclear education, emphasizing the role of the academic and users sectors to fit the future demand
and the availability of skilled personnel. 相似文献
3.
W. Loveland 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1993,171(1):177-181
The role of an on-site irradiation facility in nuclear science and engineering education is examined. Using the example of a university research reactor, the use of such devices in laboratory instruction, public outreach programs, special instructional programs, research, etc. is discussed. Examples from the Oregon State University curriculum in nuclear chemistry, nuclear engineering and radiation health are given. 相似文献
4.
L. J. Jardine K. L. Peddicord F. E. Witmer P. F. Krumpe L. Lazarev M. Moshkov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,235(1-2):125-127
The United States (U.S.) and Russia are dismantling nuclear weapons and generating hundreds of tons of excess plutonium and
high-enriched uranium fissile nuclear materials that require disposition. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Ministry of
the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (Minatom) organizations are planning and implementing safe, secure storage and disposition
operations for these materials in numerous facilities. This provides a new opportunity for technical exchanges between Russian
and U.S. scientists that can establish an improved and sustained common safety culture for handling these materials. An initiative
that develops and uses personal relationships and joint projects among Russian and U.S. participants involved in nuclear materials
safety management contributes to improving nuclear materials nonproliferation and to making a safer world. Technical exchanges
and workshops are being used to systematically identify opportunities in the nuclear materials facilities to improve and ensure
the safety of workers, the public, and the environment. 相似文献
5.
A. C. Avelar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,279(1):349-354
Half a century of focused nuclear education in Brazil has resulted in the expansion of applications of nuclear technique in
many fields, such as power generation nuclear power plants, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and treatments,
food irradiation, new materials development using irradiation, archaeological dating, hydrological studies, and so on. Nuclear
research is blooming and evolving in Brazil. In the last three years, two master’s degrees and one doctorate have been approved
by the Ministry of Education. The scientific capacity building has been enlarging and improving the reservoir of qualified
personnel who Brazil expects to operate the current infrastructure and other facilities to be settled in the near future.
Only graduate programs allocated by CAPES (Ministry of Education) and CNPq (Ministry of Science & Technology) in the Nuclear
Engineering Area (Engenharia II) are considered in this paper. In Brazil, there are also Physics and hybrid graduate programs
in what DSc degrees are pursued using nuclear and nuclear-related techniques; CAPES and CNPq do not allocate them in the nuclear
engineering area, following their own criteria, since those programs have their own peers, budget and evaluation area. 相似文献
6.
Polymer science has in recent years become one of the most dynamic components of materials science [1, 2, 3], which in turn is a powerful bridge between basic science and advanced technology. The National Science Foundation (NSF) has periodically reviewed the status of polymer science and engineering to ensure that this important field continues to develop in an appropriate fashion. Thus, the NSF asked the U.S. National Academy of Sciences on two previous occasions, in 1981 and again in 1994, to assess progress in polymer science and engineering and to make recommendations for the future. The resulting reports [4, 5] received wide circulation in many countries and helped to focus attention on the changing nature of the polymer field. A clear trend that was identified in these reports is the greater commonality with other materials‐related disciplines [1‐3] and with the biological sciences [1‐5]. Increasingly, these changes are being reflected in the programs of government agencies funding polymer research which are tending to be broader and more interdisciplinary than in the past. 相似文献
7.
N. A. Wogman L. J. Bond A. E. Waltar R. E. Leber 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2005,263(1):137-143
Summary The U.S. Department of Energy supports 24 fellowships for students to attend six-week programs at either San Jose State University in California, or Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York. The American Chemical Society through the Division of Nuclear Science and Technology operates both schools. The twelve students at the BNL program are enrolled in the State University of New York at Stony Brook (SUNYSB) and receive 3 college credits for the lecture course (CHE-361) and 3 additional credits for the laboratory course (CHE-362). In addition to lectures and laboratories, students tour various nuclear facilities offsite, at BNL, and at SUNYSB. Opportunities are given the students to interact with faculty and scientists within the profession through the Guest Lecture Program. Further details are discussed along with results of student surveys for the years 1999 through 2002. 相似文献
8.
J. A. Broadway D. A. Chambless Yu. A. Sapozhnikov S. N. Kalmykov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1998,233(1-2):9-14
The international community presently lacks the ability to determine the quality and credibility of environmental measurements
that is required to make sound decisions in matters related to international security, public health, and investment-related
considerations. The ultimate goal of the work described in this article is to develop a credible information base including
measurement capability for determination of environmental contamination and the potential for proliferation of material components
of chemical or nuclear weapons. This study compared the accuracy obtained by six Russian and six U.S. laboratories for samples
representative of classes of trace metals, dioxin-furans, and radioactive substances. The results obtained in this work indicate
that current estimates for laboratory accuracy are likely overly optimistic. The weaknesses discovered by this prototype U.S.
— Russia, study also exist within the broader international community of laboratories. Further work is proposed to address
the urgent need for the international community to improve performance evaluations for analytical measurements. 相似文献
9.
S. Landsberger T. Tipping O. Ezekoye D. Tamalis V. Lott S. Alexander G. Ban 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(1):59-61
Neutron activation analysis (NAA) remains an excellent technique to introduce undergraduate students to nuclear science and
engineering coming from different academic areas. The NAA methods encompass an appreciation of basic reactor engineering concepts,
radiation safety, nuclear instrumentation and data analysis. At the Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab at the University of
Texas at Austin we have continued to provide opportunities through outreach programs to Huston-Tillotson University in Austin
and Florida Memorial University in Miami Gardens, both Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Southwestern University
in Georgetown, Texas. Furthermore, in the past four years we have established a strong educational collaboration with the
école Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), France. Undergraduate students at ENSICAEN are required to have
an internship outside of France. While many of the students stay in neighboring European countries others have chosen the
United States. The cornerstone of these programs is to secure a relationship with each institution through clear educational
and research objectives and goals. 相似文献
10.
The chemistry of reprocessing, the recovery and purification of plutonium from uranium and fission products produced in the fuel of a nuclear reactor, was surveyed and is described. Reprocessing presented unique chemical problems because of the intense radioactivity, the extreme degree of separation required, and the diversity of elements present. These challenges were met, and improved processes have evolved with time. After 50 years, improvements are still being introduced into the classical solvent extraction processes. In the future, integration of process steps across the entire fuel cycle and increased attention to waste management and environmental considerations are anticipated.Research sponsored by the Office of Facilities, Fuel Cycle, and Test Programs, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with the Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.Operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy. 相似文献
11.
E. W. Kleppinger J. D. Robertson 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1997,219(2):247-250
Although many areas of major national need depend critically on professionals trained in nuclear and radiochemistry, educational opportunities and student interest in this area have declined steadily for the last twenty years. One major contributing factor to the lack of student interest is that most students in science and chemistry courses are never introduced to these topics. This deficiency in science curricula, coupled with the negative public perception towards all things “nuclear”, has resulted in a serious shortage of individuals with a background in this area. We propose to address this problem by “educating the educators” — providing faculty from two- and four-year colleges and high school science teachers with the curriculum materials, training, and motivation to incorporate these topics on a continuing basis in their curricula. Two advantages of this approach are: (1) it will generate scientists with a basic understanding of this field and (2) as teachers incorporate nuclear topics, many students will have the opportunity to reflect on the role of science in a technological society. 相似文献
12.
Tautomeric equilibria of 2‐ and 4‐thiouracil in gas phase and in solvent: A density functional study
T. Marino N. Russo E. Sicilia M. Toscano 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2001,82(1):44-52
The relative stabilities of the five favored tautomers of 2‐ and 4‐thiouracil in gas phase and in water solution were determined by density functional theory employing the Becke, Lee, Yang, and Parr (B3LYP) exchange–correlation potential and the three 6‐31G(d,p), 6‐311++G(d,p), and triple‐zeta valence (TZVP) basis sets. Zero‐point vibrational corrections were also computed. Bulk solvent effects were studied in the framework of the self‐consistent reaction field approach by the polarizable continuum model. All calculations indicate that the most stable tautomer for both species, in the gas phase as well as in solution, has the oxo‐thione form, in full agreement with the previous ab initio and experimental studies. The tautomeric stability orders obtained in the aqueous solution are sensibly different from that in the gas phase. At B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase, the following orders of stability for 2‐ and 4‐thiouracil tautomers were observed, respectively: S2U1>S2U2>S2U4>S2U5>S2U3 and S4U1>S4U2>S4U3>S4U4>S4U5. The corresponding trends in the aqueous phase are S2U1>S2U3>S2U2>S2U5>S2U4 and S4U1>S4U2>S4U3>S4U5>S4U4. On the basis of the computed energy differences we can hypothesize that only the oxo‐thione forms of 2‐ and 4‐thiouracil should exist in the gas phase and in water solution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 44–52, 2001 相似文献
13.
Technetium is separated from the bulk of fission products and other elements in dissolved nuclear fuel by a ferric hydroxide precipitation followed by filtration and loading of the filtrate on an anion exchange resin. The technetium remains on the resin presumably as pertechnate ion. The resin is exposed to a neutron flux in a nuclear reactor activating99Tc to100Tc which decays with the emission of a 539keV gamma-ray with a 15.8 second half-life. This gamma-ray is conveniently counted with conventional solid state techniques.Work performed under contract to the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-ACO7-76IDO1570. 相似文献
14.
《Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC》1986,5(9):II-VI
Analytical Chemistry is taught at over 600 schools of higher education in the U.S.S.R. Contents of general and special courses are described in this article. The main problems and objectives of education at universities are mentioned. 相似文献
15.
Atomic absorption spectrometric methods are described for the determination of thirteen minor and trace elements in phosphate rock concentrates from Florida (U S.A.), Kola (U.S.S.R.) and Morocco. The techniques employed are atomization of solid or liquid samples in two types of graphite furnace, and conventional atomization in the flame or the cold-vapour cell. 相似文献
16.
Raman spectroscopy is employed to determine the suitability of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line for use as a model for human primary osteoblasts, with emphasis on the ability of these cell types to replicate their tissue of origin. It was found that both cell types demonstrated early stage mineral deposition that followed significantly different growth patterns. Analysis of the growth pattern and spectral data from primary cells revealed increasing bone quality ratios and a high crystallinity, consistent with previous reports. Conversely the investigation of the U20S osteoblast-like cell line provided evidence of dense multilayered mineralised regions that corresponded more closely to native bone in terms of its crystallinity and bone quality ratios. This finding contradicts previous reports on U20S osteoblast-like cells which have consistently described them as non-osteoinductive when cultured in various conditions on a number of substrates. This work demonstrates the successful application of Raman spectroscopy combined with biological and multivariate analysis for the investigation of osteoblast-like U20S cells and human primary osteoblasts, specifically with focus on the osteoinductive ability of the osteoblast-like cell line and the comparative differences in relation to the primary osteoblasts. 相似文献
17.
岩石矿物元素的整体分析、显微分析与分布分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着分析科学的进步和地学研究的深入,岩矿分析的研究内容和应用范围不断扩展。显微分析与分布分析和整体分析一样,也已成为岩矿成分分析的重要方面。整体分析提供的是给定样品总体的平均含量,显微分析得出的是所选微区的元素组成,而分布分析则可展示微束扫描区域内的元素空间分布。本文简述了整体分析的主要进展和趋势,着重评述了扫描核探针和同步辐射X射线探针作为显微分析和分布分析的新工具的应用进展与前景。 相似文献
18.
T. Ünak 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,280(2):223-226
It is well known that several reports on the common educational problems of nuclear chemistry have been prepared by certain
groups of experts from time to time. According to very important statements in these reports, nuclear chemistry and related
courses generally do not take sufficient importance in undergraduate chemistry curricula and it was generally proposed that
nuclear chemistry and related courses should be introduced into undergraduate chemistry curricula at universities worldwide.
Starting from these statements, an ideal program in an undergraduate chemistry curriculum was proposed to be introduced into
the undergraduate chemistry program at the Department of Chemistry, Ege University, in Izmir, Turkey during the regular updating
of the chemistry curriculum. Thus, it has been believed that this Department of Chemistry has recently gained an ideal teaching
program in the field of nuclear chemistry and its applications in scientific, industrial, and medical sectors. In this contribution,
the details of this program will be discussed. 相似文献
19.
V. V. Berdikov O. I. Grigor'ev B. S. Iokhin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1980,58(1-2):123-131
The advantages and peculiarities are described of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis with preliminary energy selection
of the radiation coming from a sample with the help of a cylindrical system of pyrographite crystals. The results of application
of this method to the analysis of U and transuranium elements in the solutions of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing are presented.
Minimum detectable concentration of U for determination directly in a solution is 0.15 ppm. 相似文献
20.
The effects of modifying the electronic characteristics of nonpolar base analogues substituted at positions involved in stacking interactions between SL2 RNA and the U1A protein are described. A surprisingly large difference in the stability between complexes formed with base analogues that differ only in the position of substitution of a single fluorine atom is observed. The results of high-level ab initio calculations of the interactions between the nonpolar base analogue and the amino acid side chain correlate with the experimentally observed trends in complex stability, which suggests that changes in stacking interactions that result from varying the position and degree of fluorine substitution contribute to the effects of fluorine substitution on the stability of the U1A-SL2 RNA complex. 相似文献