原位法MgB_2-B_4C复相超导体合成及相含量调控研究

以B4C和Mg为原料合成的MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有高的临界电流密度(Jc)和高的超导转变温度(Tc),是一种有潜力的实用MgB2超导材料,其成相机理对复相MgB2超导体的相含量调控和磁通钉扎研究具有重要意义。结合经典烧结理论,研究了B4C-Mg真空固相烧结制备MgB2-B4C复相超导体的超导相形成和晶粒生长过程,给出了B4C-Mg的金斯特林格扩散模型和MgB2晶粒生长过程。通过选择B4C原料粒径,MgB2-B4C复相超导体超导相体积相含量在18%-88%范围可控。相含量88%的MgB2-B4C复相超导体临界转变温度达33.5K,转变宽度1.5K。10 K环境6T外场下电流密度可以达到1×104A/cm2,表明MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有良好的磁通钉扎行为。     

Interband proximity effect and nodes of superconducting gap in Sr2RuO4

The power-law temperature dependences of the specific heat, the nuclear relaxation rate, and the thermal conductivity suggest the presence of line nodes in the superconducting gap of Sr2RuO4. These recent experimental observations contradict the scenario of a nodeless (k(x)+ik(y))-type superconducting order parameter. We propose that interaction of superconducting order parameters on different sheets of the Fermi surface is a key to understanding the above discrepancy. A full gap exists in the active band, which drives the superconducting instability, while line nodes develop in passive bands by the interband proximity effect.     

稳恒超导载流态正常─超导界面层的作用

研究了稳恒超导载流态条件下 ,正常超导界面层对超导载流子的作用。指出在正常超导界面层内存在着“类感应电场力”,其本质上是束缚电子对所受 Lorentz力沿超导体对称轴线的分量之和。在“类感应电场力”的作用下 ,束缚电子对质心定向运动速度由零增大到 1 0 3 - 1 0 4 ms- 1,使超导电流的熵小于正常电流的熵。正常超导界面层是熵变区。     

Quantum many-body calculation of mixed-parity pairing in the Sr2RuO4 superconductor induced by spin-orbit coupling

The unusual superconducting state in Sr(2)RuO(4) has long been viewed as being analogous to a superfluid state in liquid (3)He. Nevertheless, calculations based on this odd-parity state are presently unable to completely reconcile the properties of Sr(2)RuO(4). Using a self-consistent quantum many-body scheme that employs realistic parameters, we are able to model several signature properties of the normal and superconducting states of Sr(2)RuO(4). We find that the dominant component of the model superconducting state is of even parity and closely related to superconducting state for the high-T(c) cuprates although a smaller odd-parity component is induced by spin-orbit coupling. This mixed pairing state gives a more complete representation of the complex phenomena measured in Sr(2)RuO(4).     

Coherent d-wave superconducting gap in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data on moderately underdoped La1.855Sr0.145CuO4 at temperatures below and above the superconducting transition temperature. Unlike previous studies of this material, we observe sharp spectral peaks along the entire underlying Fermi surface in the superconducting state. These peaks trace out an energy gap that follows a simple d-wave form, with a maximum superconducting gap of 14 meV. Our results are consistent with a single gap picture for the cuprates. Furthermore our data on the even more underdoped sample La1.895Sr0.105CuO4 also show sharp spectral peaks, even at the antinode, with a maximum superconducting gap of 26 meV.     

EBIT装置零蒸发低温超导磁体系统的研制

介绍了EBIT(Electron Beam Ion Trap,电子束离子阱)装置零蒸发低温超导磁体系统的研制过程与超导磁体的性能测试结果。该系统中超导磁体由一对上下布置的分离线圈组成,中心最大磁场强度可达4.5T,在中心轴线上±10mm内磁场均匀度优于2×10-4,磁场衰减系数在8h小于1×10-4;同时其低温杜瓦系统采用双冷屏结构,并通过二级G-M制冷机冷却冷屏来降低液氦的蒸发量。超导磁体的性能测试结果表明满足用户基本要求。     

Superconductivity in an organic insulator at very high magnetic fields

We investigate by electrical transport the field-induced superconducting state (FISC) in the organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4. Below 4 K, antiferromagnetic-insulator, metallic, and eventually superconducting (FISC) ground states are observed with increasing in-plane magnetic field. The FISC state survives between 18 and 41 T and can be interpreted in terms of the Jaccarino-Peter effect, where the external magnetic field compensates the exchange field of aligned Fe3+ ions. We further argue that the Fe3+ moments are essential to stabilize the resulting singlet, two-dimensional superconducting state.     

Magnetic-field dependence of the maximum supercurrent of La2-xCexCuO4-y interferometers: evidence for a predominant dx2-y2 superconducting order parameter

We performed a phase-sensitive test of the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter of the electron doped cuprate La(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4-y) using a superconducting quantum interferometer with spatially distributed Josephson junctions. The studies were made on a thin film grown on a SrTiO3 tetracrystal substrate. The superconducting transition temperature was about 29 K which indicates that the sample is close to optimal doping. The magnetic field dependence of the critical current gives strong evidence for a predominant dx(2)(-y(2)) order parameter symmetry of the sample measured. It also gives upper limits for the s-wave component in a mixed order parameter of the type s+idx(2)(-y(2)).     

Anomalous momentum dependence of the superconducting coherence peak and its relation to the pseudogap of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4

We performed high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 to study the nature of the single-particle excitation gap. We found that there is a well-defined superconducting coherence peak in the off-nodal region while it is strongly suppressed around the antinode. The momentum dependence of the single-particle excitation gap shows a striking deviation from the dx-y2--wave symmetry with anomalous enhancement around the antinode in both the superconducting and the pseudogap state. The observed close correlation between the superconducting coherence peak and the pseudogap suggests a substantial contribution of the pseudogap to the anomalous behavior of the gap in the superconducting state.     

Observation of hotspot in BSCCO thin film structure by fluorescent thermal imaging

Hotspot formation is observed in a structured thin superconducting film of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x (BSCCO) using the fluorescent thermal imaging technique. The BSCCO film is deposited on SrTiO₃ (STO) and has a superconducting transition at 80 K. A film of rare-earth doped polymer film deposited directly on the superconductor is used as thermal sensor down to 4 K.     

Superconductivity at 41 K and its competition with spin-density-wave instability in layered CeO1-xFxFeAs

A series of layered CeO1-xFxFeAs compounds with x=0 to 0.20 are synthesized by the solid state reaction method. Similar to the LaOFeAs, the pure CeOFeAs shows a strong resistivity anomaly near 145 K, which was ascribed to the spin-density-wave instability. F doping suppresses this instability and leads to the superconducting ground state. Most surprisingly, the superconducting transition temperature could reach as high as 41 K. Such a high T_{c} strongly challenges the classic BCS theory based on the electron-phonon interaction. The closeness of the superconducting phase to the spin-density-wave instability suggests that the magnetic fluctuation plays a key role in the superconducting pairing mechanism. The study also reveals that the Ce 4f electrons form local moments and are ordered antiferromagnetically below 4 K, which could coexist with superconductivity.     

Electronic properties of nano-structured anisotropic superconductors

Using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation on the tight-binding electron model, we have investigated nano-structured anisotropic superconductors. For a π/4-rotated square d-wave superconducting plate, the superconducting symmetry becomes s+id, not only at the surfaces, but over the whole superconductor. Also we have investigated quasi-particle structures of this superconducting state.     

Large magnetic field-induced spectral weight enhancement of high-energy spin excitations in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4

We report electronic Raman scattering experiments on a superconducting La(1.88)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) single crystal in a magnetic field. At low temperatures, the spectral weight of the high-energy two-magnon peak increases linearly with field and is amplified by a factor of more than two at 14 T. The effect disappears at elevated temperatures and is not present in undoped La(2)CuO(4). This observation is discussed in terms of an electronically inhomogeneous state in which the field enhances the volume fraction of a phase with local antiferromagnetic order at the expense of the superconducting phase.     

Phase diagram of the electron-doped La2-xCexCuO4 cuprate superconductor from Andreev bound states at grain boundary junctions

We use quasiparticle tunneling across La2-xCexCuO4 grain boundary junctions to probe the superconducting state and its disappearance with increasing temperature and magnetic field. A zero bias conductance peak due to zero energy surface Andreev bound states is a clear signature of the phase coherence of the superconducting state. Hence, such a peak must disappear at or below the upper critical field Bc2(T). For La2-xCexCuO4 this approach sets a lower bound for Bc2(0) approximately 25 T which is substantially higher than reported previously. The method of probing the superconducting state via Andreev bound states should also be applicable to other cuprate superconductors.     

Superconductivity of lanthanum and cerium at high pressures

A theoretical model involving the presence of an inner 4f shell is developed here to explain the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of lanthanum and the presence of a superconducting high pressure phase of cerium. In this model, only the conduction electrons are assumed to participate in the superconductivity mechanism, while the 4f electrons tend to inhibit superconductivity. As the 4f character decreases with increasing pressure in lanthanum, it is possible to account for the anomalous pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature by assuming a valency a little less than three at normal pressure. The anomalous behaviour of cerium, magnetic at room temperature and normal pressure and superconducting above 50 kbar, is also discussed here.     

Design of a conduction-cooled 4 T superconducting racetrack for a multi-field coupling measurement system

A conduction-cooled superconducting magnet producing a transverse field of 4 T has been designed for a new generation multi-field coupling measurement system,which will be used to study the mechanical behavior of superconducting samples at cryogenic temperatures and intense magnetic fields.A compact cryostat with a two-stage GM cryocooler is designed and manufactured for the superconducting magnet.The magnet is composed of a pair of flat racetrack coils wound by NbTi/Cu superconducting composite wires,a copper and stainless steel combinational former and two Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_v superconducting current leads.The two coils are connected in series and can be powered with a single power supply.In order to support the high stress and attain uniform thermal distribution in the superconducting magnet,a detailed finite element(FE) analysis has been performed.The results indicate that in the operating status the designed magnet system can sufficiently bear the electromagnetic forces and has a uniform temperature distribution.     

三维介观超导环的涡旋结构

在Ginzburg-Landan理论的框架下, 运用有限差分法研究了在圆环电流产生磁场下的介观超导圆环内的涡旋结构, 讨论了超导圆环尺寸和不同空间分布的磁场对涡旋形成的影响, 得到在一般超导圆环体内的基态多是巨涡旋态、而多涡旋态多以激发态形式存在的结论, 说明磁场一般从超导圆环的环孔穿过, 而很难穿过超导圆环体.     

Quantitative test of SO(5) symmetry in the vortex state of Nd(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO4

By numerically solving models with competing superconducting and antiferromagnetic orders, we study the magnetic field dependence of the antiferromagnetic moment in both the weak and strong field regimes. Through a comparison with the neutron scattering results of Kang et al. and Matsuura et al. on Nd(1.85)Ce(0.15)CuO4, we conclude that this system is close to a SO(5) symmetric critical point. We also make a quantitative prediction on increasing the upper critical field B(c2) and the superconducting transition temperature T(c) by applying an in-plane magnetic field.     

射频超导腔的研究新进展

 射频超导谐振腔已经大规模地应用到粒子加速器领域,其优越之处在于它可以在CW模式或长宏脉冲模式下,提供高的加速梯度。射频超导已经成为自由电子激光和能量回收直线加速器的关键技术。经过30多年的研究发展,解决了超导腔的热崩溃、场致发射等诸多关键问题,目前加速梯度已经超过40 MV/m。高加速梯度的获得是射频超导领域的前沿热点,电抛光＋低温热处理技术使射频超导腔的加速梯度提高3～4 MV/m。最新发展起来的超导腔的干式处理可以改善超导腔的表面状况,提高超导腔的Q值,抑制次级电子发射效应,有可能成为提高超导腔性能的又一有效手段。     

VHF波段超窄带超导滤波器的设计及其时域调谐

低频超窄带滤波器要求谐振器间的耦合极弱,设计受到薄膜面积限制,其性能对基片介电常数的均匀性极为敏感且受制作和封装精度的限制.这些因素将导致的滤波器中心频率偏移和带内性能恶化.对此,时域调谐提供了很好的解决途径.我们采用嵌套双螺旋型谐振器,在37mm×12mm的MgO基片上设计制作了4节超导滤波器,中心频率为166.9 MHz,相对带宽仅为0.29%.由于基片厚度或介电常数的偏差及不均匀性会导致滤波器中各谐振的谐振频率偏移,使通带性能受到很大影响.我们提出了将机械调谐与时域分析相结合的方法,通过机械调谐纠正各谐振器的谐振频率,改善滤波器性能.同时为了解决多信道滤波器系统中,各滤波器工作于同一温度下,系统频率一致性问题,通过时域调谐获得频率可调范围信息.对上述0.5 MHz带宽的VHF波段滤波器应用时域调谐方法,得到的可调范围为0.7 MHz,测试结果表明该滤波器具有优异性能,带内插损小于0.4 dB,反射损耗达到14.8 dB,带外抑制大于-70 dB.