On the heliosphere characteristics important for galactic cosmic rays in the phase of minimum solar activity

Various heliospheric parameters important for the behavior of cosmic rays, i.e., the solar wind velocity, heliospheric magnetic field, and heliospheric current sheet during epochs of the minimum of solar cycles 20?C24 are discussed. Main features and regularities of the behavior of these parameters and their interrelations are considered.     

On the intensity of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere during epochs of minimum solar activity

The behavior of the intensity of cosmic rays of galactic origin in the inner heliosphere (r ?? 10 a. u.) during the minima of solar cycles 20?C24 is considered. The features of cosmic ray characteristics in the last anomalously long and deep minimum of solar cycle 24 (2007?C2010) are discussed.     

Characteristics of solar proton events near the minimum of the 23rd cycle of solar activity

Analysis and systematization of proton activity in the declining phase near the minimum of the 23rd cycle of solar activity in the period 2004–2005 have been performed. Flux, spectral, energy, and some temporal characteristics of the solar proton events observed in the near-Earth space during the noted period are investigated and reported.     

On the effective potential minimum versus the tree level potential minimum

We analyze the effective potential minimum (true vacuum of the theory) versus the tree level potential minimum in order to decide under which conditions they coincide. A criterion is found. Applications are made to monomial potentials (Coleman-Weinberg type models) and to theN=1 Supergravity Minimal Model.     

On the characteristics of solar activity and galactic cosmic ray intensity at the solar cycle maximum and inflection points

The correlation between the characteristics (sunspot area and galactic cosmic ray intensity) at inflection points and at the solar cycle maximum is discussed. Probable characteristics in the forthcoming maximum of cycle 24 are considered.     

On the minimum mass of a monopole

Russian Physics Journal -     

On the minimum audible angle--a decision theory approach

The minimum audible angle (MAA) technique is a well-known psychoacoustical paradigm often used in the study of localization of sound. A difficulty with this paradigm, however, is that, in terms of decision theory, it is subject to two quite different interpretations. Although it is normally regarded as involving a discrimination task, the present work suggests that it is more likely to be an absolute identification task. Because of this difference in interpretation, it appears that previous work has overestimated the ability of listeners to localize sources of sound.     

On the resistivity minimum in amorphous ferromagnetic alloys

We present a theoretical approach which, taking into account the amorphous nature of the system and the correlations between nearest-neighbour magnetic ions, gives a plausible explanation of some features present in the electrical resistivity of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys with transition metals.     

Was the Titius-Bode series dictated by the minimum energy states ofthe generic solar plasma?

It has been shown previously that the Bode numbers and measured velocity ratios of the planets are accurately predicted by the eigenvalues of the Euler-Lagrange equations resulting from the variation of the free energy of the generic plasma that formed the Sun and planets. This theory is reviewed and extended to show that the equations make accurate predictions for all the major planets out to and including Pluto. The semimajor axes and velocity ratios of Pluto and Neptune are predicted exactly. The Bode numbers are shown to correspond to the roots of the first-order Bessel functions. The extrema of the roots of the zeroth-order Bessel function predict the ratios of the measured planetary velocities almost without error for the outer planets. Both sets of roots correspond to the same eigenvalue solution of the force-free equation. The eigenvalues are set by the initial energy input to the plasma nebula. Both the Titius-Bode series and Kepler's harmonic law are predicted by the relaxed state solution of the free-energy equation for the generic plasma that formed the Sun and planets. Newton's law of gravitation is not used in the calculations. The solution makes exact predictions for the outer planets where the Titius Bode series fails completely     

A new solar selective surface

A new waveguide method of providing a selective surface for solar energy applications is described. Some measurements of a vacuum-deposited mesh are given, and elementary theory indicates that ratios of solar absorptance to thermal emittance of 30:1 should be possible at temperatures of about 200°C.     

空间太阳望远镜在轨自动调焦的最小图像熵判据

由于复杂的发射状态和动态在轨空间环境以及高达0 1″的角分辨率,所以自动调焦技术已成为太阳空间望远镜在轨图像处理中的关键技术。在分析图像离焦时的状态特性的基础上,提出了一种新的更适用于空间相机的离焦判据———最小图像熵判据。最小图像熵合焦判据更适合于低对比度的天体目标。利用计算机仿真程序演示了给定目标经系统成像的过程,计算了不同离焦状态下的图像熵。这一技术将应用于2005年发射的太阳空间望远镜中。     

On minimum of energy in the Peierls-Nabarro dislocation model

The variations up to the fourth order of the total energy in the Peierls-Nabarro dislocation model are studied. It is shown that the total energy reaches the local functional minimum for the functionf(x) (with positive df/dx) which is the solution of the Peierls-Nabarro integro-differential equation.     

Measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum at solar minimum with a long-duration balloon flight over antarctica

The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons (p's) from 0.17 to 3.5 GeV has been measured using 7886 p's detected by BESS-Polar II during a long-duration flight over Antarctica near solar minimum in December 2007 and January 2008. This shows good consistency with secondary p calculations. Cosmologically primary p's have been investigated by comparing measured and calculated p spectra. BESS-Polar II data show no evidence of primary p's from the evaporation of primordial black holes.     

Cycles of solar activity and the configurations of planets

In this paper, using the parameter??the average difference between the heliocentric longitudes of the planets Venus, Earth and Jupiter??the strong link found 22-year and 11-year cycles of solar activity with the lowest values of the parameter. The envelope curve of the minimum values of this parameter is well described as the conjunctions of the three planets, when they are almost in a straight line from the sun, which causes the maximum of solar activity, and the conjunctions in the larger longitudinal sector (25?C30 degrees), which occur much more frequently and are accompanied by different combinations of planets on the opposite side of the Sun, which also cause the maximum of solar activity. Location of these planets on opposite sides of the Sun in various combinations is very well compatible with the parameter used.     

First light of solar multi-conjugate adaptive optics at the 1-m new vacuum solar telescope

正Observations play a leading role in any branches of astronomy,including solar physics.In order to solve fundamental problems,such as solar dynamo[1],coronal heating[2]and the triggering of major solar eruptions[3],solar observations with spatial resolution better than 0.1 arcsec are required.Such a goal cannot be achieved without the help of adaptive optics(AO),which eliminates the wavefront distortion caused by atmosphere turbulence[4,5].However,solar observations are performed over an extended field of view     

Derivative temporal clustering analysis: detecting prolonged neuronal activity

Temporal clustering analysis (TCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are promising data-driven techniques in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to obtain brain activation maps in conditions with unknown temporal information regarding the neuronal activity. Although comparable to ICA in detecting transient neuronal activities, TCA fails to detect prolonged plateau brain activations. To eliminate this pitfall, a novel derivative TCA (DTCA) method was introduced and its algorithms with different subtraction intervals were tested on simulated data with a pattern of prolonged plateau brain activation. It was found that the best performance of DTCA method in generating functional maps could be obtained if the subtraction interval is equal to or larger than the length of the rising time of the fMRI response. The DTCA method and its theoretical predication were further investigated and validated using in vivo fMRI data sets. By removing the limitations in the previous TCA, DTCA has shown its powerful capability in detecting prolonged plateau neuronal activities.     

On a positive correlation between the ionospheric characteristic h''F and the solar index activity R

Summary The hourly median monthly values ofh'F, the lowest virtual height of the ionosphericF layer, are analysed during more than two solar cycles for two middle latitude ionospheric stations: Rome and Poitiers. A moderate but evident correlation between theh'F and the solar index activityR is shown especially comparing their 12 months running mean behaviours. Some coincidences with the behaviour of theh _m F2, the height of the maximum electron concentration, suggest that temperature changes, induced by the solar activity, could influence allF region to the bottom of the layer.

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Riassunto I valori orari mensili della caratteristica ionosfericah'F, la minima altezza virtuale della regioneF, sono stati analizzati per un periodo di oltre due cicli solari in due stazioni ionosferiche a media latitudine: Roma e Poitiers. è stata trovata una moderata, ma evidente correlazione tra l'andamento della caratteristica ionosfericah'F e l'indice di attività solareR, specialmente confrontando le loro medie mobili a 12 mesi. Alcune coincidenze con l'andamento dih _m F2 l'altezza della massima concentrazione di elettroni nella regioneF, suggerisce che le variazioni di temperatura, indotte dall'attività solare, possono influenzare tutta la regioneF sino al fondo dello strato.

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Резюме Анализируются значения ионосферной характеристикиh'F, низшей зффективной высоты ионосферногоF слоя, в течение более чем двух солнечных циклов для двух ионосферных станций на средних широтах: в Риме и в Пойтиерсе. Обнаружена заметная корреляция междуh'F и индексом солнечной активностиR посредством сравнения поведения за 12 месяцев. Совпадения с поведениемh _m F ₂, высоты слоя максимальной концентрации электронов, предполагают, что изменения температуры, индуцированные солнечной активностью, могут влиять на всюF область до нижней части слоя.