Growth and characterization of piezoelectric Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 crystals

Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14, LGS) and its isomorphs, have attracted much attention for their potential for surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) applications. Among these homologous compounds, Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 (SGG) attracted our attention due to its superior piezoelectric properties and lower growth temperature. In this work, SGG single crystal has been grown successfully by the vertical Bridgman method with crucible-sealing technique. SGG wafers of 2 in. have been fabricated. The basic physical properties of SGG crystals were measured. The results demonstrate that piezoelectric and mechanical properties of SGG crystals are better than that of LGS crystal and it is expected to be a potential substrate material for SAW and BAW applications.     

Ca3NbGa3Si2O14晶体的介电和压电特性

利用Y切和(yxl)30°切两种样品测量了Ca3NbGa3Si2O14晶体的介电、压 电和部分弹性参数.计算了(yxl)θ切型相关压电常数随切角的变化.与La3Ga5SiO14晶体相比，Ca3NbGa3Si2O14晶体具有更优良的压电性能，其压电常数 d11=7.93×10-12C/N，d14=-5.88×10-12C/N. 关键词： Ca3NbGa3Si2O14晶体 介电常数 压电常数     

Electronic properties of Hf2X intermetallic compounds (X = Al, Si, Ni, Ga and Ge)

Using ¹⁰⁰Pd/¹⁰⁰Rh probes, perturbed angular correlation measurements were performed to study Pd-related defects in Si as a function of dopant concentration and dopant type. Pd-vacancy and Pd-B complexes were identified by their characteristic electric field gradients in highly doped n- and p-type Si, respectively. Both pairs exhibited a T^3/2 temperature dependence of their electric field gradients.     

Radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 crystals

Studies of EPR spectra, additional optical absorption, and the kinetics of buildup and decay of radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in compositionally disordered crystals of trigonal Ca-gallogermanate are reported. The parameters of the spin-Hamiltonian describing the observed room-temperature EPR spectra are determined. It is established that the radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ crystals are O⁻ centers in common 6g sites stabilized by the Ge⁴⁺ vacancy in tetrahedral 2d sites. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1044–1049 (June 1997)     

Investigation into the structural perfection and acoustic properties of a piezoelectric Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 crystal

Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ (CTGS) crystals are a new promising material from the lanthanum-gallium silicate family, which can be employed in high-temperature sensors and other acoustoelectronic devices. The structural perfection and acoustic properties of CTGS crystals have been investigated via X-ray topography and diffractometry at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source in the geometry of a double-crystal X-ray diffractometer.     

Piezoelectric crystal Ca3TaGa3Si2O14: Synthesis, structural perfection, piezoelectric and acoustic properties

A new promising piezoelectric material Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ (CTGS) has been grown using the Czochralski method. Its unit-cell parameters have been determined by means of the X-ray phase analysis method. The X-ray diffractometry method was used to study the crystal acoustic properties; the velocities of surface acoustic wave propagation were measured for the first time and the power flow angles were determined.     

Nonisothermal relaxation and electromigration in single crystals of Ca3Ga2Ge4O14

The photoconductivity and electrical conductivity, the thermally stimulated polarization and depolarization currents, the permittivity, and the dielectric losses of noncentrosymmetric Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ crystals of a structural type of trigonal calcium gallogermanate (CGG) have been studied for the first time in the temperature interval 100–700 K in air and in vacuum. The features of the temperature behavior of CGG are associated, in particular, with the effect of electrically active defects and partial disordering of the cation sublattice of the crystal structure, which generates polar formations (dipoles) of several kinds. Certain parameters of the electromigration and of the electrically active defects that cause charge-relaxation and polarization effects are determined. It is concluded that dipole relaxation in CGG makes it a new representative of a class of materials in which reorientation of the dipoles as a system of mobile local distortions of the structure has a substantial effect on the physical properties. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 871–876 (May 1997)     

Advanced piezoelectric crystal Ca3TaGa3Si2O14: growth,crystal structure perfection,and acoustic properties

A five-component crystal of the lanthanum–gallium silicate family Ca₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ (CTGS) was grown by the Czochralski method. The CTGS crystal, like the langasite crystal (La₃Ga₅SiO₁₄, LGS), possesses unique temperature properties and the fewer number of the Ga atoms in the unit cell makes the density much lower and, consequently, increases the velocity of acoustic wave propagation. The unit-cell parameters were determined by the powder diffraction technique. The defects in the CTGS crystal structure were studied by X-ray topography, which enables the visualization of growth banding characteristics of crystals grown by the Czochralski method. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation in the CTGS crystal was investigated by the high-resolution X-ray diffraction method on the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source. The velocities of propagation and power flow angles of SAWs in the Y- and X-cuts of the CTGS crystal were determined from the X-ray diffraction spectra.     

Synthesis and characterization of Eu2+ activated X12Al10.6Si3.4O32Cl5.4 (X=Sr,Ca) phosphors

In this article, we have reported emission characteristics of Eu²⁺ activated Sr₁₂Al_10.6Si_3.4O₃₂Cl_5.4 and Ca₁₂Al_10.6Si_3.4O₃₂Cl_5.4 phosphors, prepared by combustion synthesis. The PL excitation was monitored at two different wavelengths 254 nm (mercury excitation) and 354 nm (mercury free excitation), which shows broad-blue emission bands at 432 nm, and 438 nm for 354 nm excitation wavelength. Under mercury excitation at 254 nm it shows emission wavelengths at 470 nm, 589 nm, 592 nm, and 617 nm for the prepared Sr₁₂Al_10.6Si_3.4O₃₂Cl_5.4 and Ca₁₂Al_10.6Si_3.4O₃₂Cl_5.4 phosphors. Further it was characterized by XRD, for the investigation of phase and purity of the phosphors. Thermal degradation of the phosphors was also studied at different temperatures.     

Spectroscopy of Sm3+ activator centers in Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 single crystals

Results of investigations of spectroscopic properties of Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ single crystals activated with Sm³⁺ ions are reported. It is shown that Sm³⁺ ions in Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ form a type of activator quasicenter whose nature is associated with disordering of the matrix. I. Franko Lvov State University, 50, Dragomanov St., Lvov, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 296–298, March–April, 1998.     

Ca3NbGa3Si2O14(CNGS)晶体的拉曼光谱分析

为了研究CNGS晶体的结构,构造了Ca3NbGa2SiO12和Ca3NbGaSi2O12两个团簇模型,对其构型进行优化并计算了振动频率.利用Raman光谱技术测量了该晶体的Raman光谱,依据理论计算结果对测得的Raman光谱进行了指认,讨论了CNGS晶体的层状结构和压电性能.     

Lattice dynamics of MF3 crystals (M = Al, Ga, and In)

The phonon spectra, Born effective charges, and dielectric constants ε_∞ for the □AlF₃, □GaF₃, and □InF₃ crystals (where □ is a vacancy) have been calculated in terms of the generalized Gordon-Kim method. The calculated spectra of lattice vibrations contain no imaginary vibrational frequencies. This suggests the stability of the cubic phase of these compounds but contradicts the observable structural transition from cubic to rhombohedral phase. It is assumed that such a transition in the □AlF₃, □GaF₃, and □InF₃ crystals is brought about by structural defects. The calculated spectrum of lattice vibrations of the “completely defective” crystal M□F₃ (M = Al, Ga, and In) indicates a strong instability of the cubic phase. Within the mean crystal approximation, the cubic phase of M _x M _1?x F₃ crystals appears to be unstable at small x≤0.05.     

Ca3Al2M3O12（M=Si,Ge）石榴石中Ce^3＋离子的荧光光谱

本文研究了Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｍ３Ｏ１２（Ｍ＝Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）石榴石中Ｇｅ＾３＋离子的荧光光谱。在这两种石榴石中，Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射光谱均为Ｃｅ＾３＋的５ｄ→４ｆ能级跃迁发射宽谱带，但有很大差异。在锗酸盐中，Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射强度很弱，而在硅酸盐中发射强，２９５和７７Ｋ下在Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ１２中Ｃｅ＾３＋的荧光寿命分别为４６和４９ｎｓ。Ｇｄ＾３＋和助溶剂的引入可提高Ｃｅ＾３＋的发射强度。     

Pressure tuned ferromagnetism in CeRu(2)M(2)X (M = Al, Ga; X = B, C)

The temperature (T)-pressure (P) phase diagrams are reported for the tetragonal layered compounds CeRu(2)Al(2)B, CeRu(2)Ga(2)B, and CeRu(2)Ga(2)C, studied by magnetization, specific heat and electrical resistivity. These systems exhibit localized 4f magnetic ordering with ferromagnetic ground states at T(C)?=?12.8?K, 16.3?K, and 17.2?K, respectively. Chemical and applied pressure both increase T(C) in a similar manner. The evolution of properties with chemical and applied pressure suggests that these phase diagrams may be connected in a Doniach-like picture where CeRu(2)Al(2)B is furthest from the possible quantum phase transition and CeRu(2)Ga(2)C is the nearest.     

Optical and scintillation properties of Sr3BGa3Si2O14 (B = Nb,Ta) single crystals

Optical and scintillation properties of Sr₃NbGa₃Si₂O₁₄ [SNGS] and Sr₃TaGa₃Si₂O₁₄ [STGS] single crystals with the langasite-type crystal structure were investigated as a novel scintillator materials. In the transmittance spectra of the SNGS and STGS polished specimens, absorption peaks around 380 and 505 nm were observed and the absorptions are considered to be attributable to the excess oxygen in the crystals. An emission peak around 420 nm was observed in the X-ray radioluminescence spectrum of the SNGS crystal. On the other hand, there was an emission peak around 335 nm in the X-ray radioluminescence spectrum of the STGS crystal.     

Pseudo-potential calculations of structural and elastic properties of spinel oxides ZnX2O4 (X=Al,Ga, In) under pressure effect

First principle calculations of structural and elastic properties of ZnAl₂O₄, ZnGa₂O₄ and ZnIn₂O₄ compounds are presented, using the pseudo-potential plane-waves approach based on density functional theory, within the generalized gradient approximation GGA. The lattice constants and internal parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental results. Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, bulk modulus, elastic constants and their pressure dependence are also calculated. As the experimental elastic constants are not available hence our results were only compared with the available theoretical values obtained at equilibrium volume.