膜生物反应器中N-酰基高丝氨酸内脂分析技术研究进展

膜生物污染一直是膜生物反应器(Membrane bioreactor,MBR)在废水处理工艺中需要解决的一大难题。新近研究表明,基于群体感应的猝灭技术可以作为MBR活性污泥体系中一种有效的膜生物污染防治策略。因而,识别和分析群体感应产生的信号分子是应用群体猝灭技术防治MBR中膜生物污染的关键。本文首先介绍了活性污泥体系中的群体感应机理和N-酰基高丝氨酸内脂(AHLs)类化合物;接着,归纳了近期研究中针对MBR中AHLs定性和定量分析的方法;最后,对MBR中AHLs识别及分析技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

大蒜素包埋球对MBR混合液可滤性影响解析

本研究采用大蒜素为原料,将其包埋在海藻酸钠中,制成大蒜素包埋球(allicin entrapping beads, AEBs)并投加至膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)中,以探讨大蒜素的群体淬灭(quorum quenching, QQ)效应对MBR污泥混合液可滤性的影响。实验结果表明：QQ作用对污泥混合液性质影响显著,对MBR污染物去除影响较小;混合液中胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)和溶解性微生物代谢产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)含量降低;通过对修正污染指数(modified fouling index, MFI)检测表明,QQ可提高污泥混合液可滤性,该指标与胞外多糖浓度紧密相关。     

Fe3+对MBR减缓膜污染的研究进展

膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)作为一种高效的污水处理及回用工艺,比传统的活性污泥法具有更多优势。然而,膜污染问题是限制其广泛应用的关键性问题。众多研究者已证实Fe₃₊能有效的改善MBR中混合液的可滤性及减缓膜污染。本文简述了MBR污泥混合液中主要污染物—胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPSs),并总结Fe₃ 在去除混合液中污染物、减缓膜污染方面的效能及其对污泥混合液的影响。最后,对Fe₃ 在减缓MBR膜污染的未来研究方向进行展望。     

不同价态铁离子对膜生物反应器影响研究进展

膜生物反应器(Membrane bioreactor,MBR)作为一种新型的污水处理技术,近些年来备受关注。然而,膜污染问题成为了该工艺广泛应用的最大障碍。现已证明,向MBR中投加铁系混凝剂能够减缓膜污染。本文首先综述了不同价态铁离子对MBR污染物去除的影响,然后对铁离子在污泥混合液中分布及迁移转化进行了分析,接着阐明了铁离子对膜污染的影响,最后对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

铁系混凝剂的投加对膜生物反应器运行效能的影响

膜生物反应器(MBR)作为一种高效的污水处理及回用工艺,与传统活性污泥法相比具有众多优势。然而,膜污染问题限制了该工艺的进一步大规模应用。众多研究者已证实,投加铁系混凝剂能有效改善MBR中混合液的可滤性,从而减缓膜污染。本文首先介绍了胞外聚合物对膜污染的影响机制,然后总结了铁系混凝剂投加对MBR污染物去除、膜污染速率及Fe3+在污泥混合液中的分布的影响;最后,对铁系混凝剂在MBR中应用进行了展望。     

NaClO原位清洗对膜生物反应器生物膜污染影响研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)的膜污染问题严重制约了该工艺进一步快速的商业化推广,全面认识NaClO原位氧化清洗对MBR生物膜污染的影响,对于开发新型膜清洗技术及MBR工程优化具有重要意义。本文从微生物胞外关键组分空间分布角度综述了NaClO原位清洗对生物膜污染及生物絮凝的影响,并探讨了生物絮体重构机制及强化生物絮凝的相关措施。最后,本文从减缓膜污染的角度,对该领域未来的研究方向进行了论述。     

MBR对污水中肠道模型病毒的去除效应

采用重力出流式膜生物反应器(MBR)对生活污水进行处理, 选择两种孔径的微滤膜考察其对污水中T4和f 2两种模型病毒的去除情况. 清水试验结果表明, 两种膜孔径组件对T4和 f 2病毒的实际截留率远大于理论截留率; 两种膜组件对T4病毒的截留均高于f 2病毒. 在MBR稳定运行状况下, 两种不同孔径的膜组件对同一病毒的截留效果无显著差别: 孔径为0.1 mm的聚丙烯(PP)和孔径为0.22 mm的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)对T4去除率均大于5.5 lg; 对f 2的去除率大于3.0 lg. 其原因是膜表面的滤饼层、凝胶层在病毒的截留中起了重要的作用. 膜生物反应器对病毒的去除由膜的截留、污泥絮体的吸附和生物灭活等作用共同完成. 进一步的研究发现: 活性污泥系统对病毒去除率稳定在97％以上, 主要依靠生物灭活作用完成对病毒的去除.     

基于XDLVO理论解析MBR膜污染研究进展

膜污染问题严重制约了膜生物反应器(MBR)的广泛应用,因此膜污染机制的研究对于有效控制膜污染十分重要。XDLVO理论合理地解析了范德华力、极性作用力、双电层作用力在膜污染过程中的贡献,有效地揭示了膜污染机理。本文首先阐述了XDLVO理论;然后运用XDLVO理论,解析界面微距离范围内膜表面凝胶层及泥饼层形成过程;最后总结了XDLVO理论在MBR膜污染方面的应用,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

聚偏氟乙烯MBR膜制备及改性研究进展

膜生物反应器技术作为一种新型、高效的水处理技术,已成功应用于废水处理系统。在膜分离工程领域,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为一种优异的膜材料,成为人们热衷的研究对象。本文综述了目前应用于MBR的PVDF膜制备方法,重点介绍了Fe(OH)3、TiO2t、ween-20+戊二醛、PEBAX、PVDF-g-POEM、PVDF-g-PEGMA、TPU、Al2O3、SiO2微粒等对PVDF膜的改性研究,并对PVDF制备MBR膜的发展前景进行了展望。经过改性后的膜在一定程度上能够有效增强亲水性和抗污染能力,延长膜的寿命,降低运行成本,而且出水水质更好,若增强其机械强度,将会有更广泛的用途。     

固定HCG抗体膜的跨膜电位

高分子膜作为一项新兴技术,在很多领域得到日益广泛的应用.近十几年,随着生物工程和生物传感器的迅速发展,高分子生物功能膜的研究倍受重视.高分子生物功能膜是采用固定化技术,将具有分子识别功能的材料(如酶、抗原、抗体等)固定在高分子膜上而制得的.在固定化膜表面发生的生物化学反应,可以引起膜的荷电状态的变化,从而导致跨膜电位的变化。有关固定化膜的报导较多,但主要限于固定化的方法及其应用方面的研究,而有关高分     

荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

高分子纳滤膜的研究及进展

对高分子纳滤膜的发展背景以及国内外在这一领域的研究的研究进展作了详细的介绍。     

纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展

基于纳米材料的独特性质,将其引入高分子膜所制得的纳米复合滤膜有望解决目前制约膜技术发展的“上限平衡”问题。 本文综述了碳纳米管、石墨烯、SiO2、TiO2、分子筛、ZrO2以及纳米银颗粒等纳米复合膜在膜分离领域的研究进展。 这些纳米材料对于提高复合膜的机械稳定性、亲水性、选择性、渗透性及抗污染能力等有显著的效果。 此外,对纳米复合膜的发展与应用做了展望,也对其研究中存在的问题和解决方法进行了阐述。     

Theoretical analysis of the performance of composite membrane consisting of the catalytic and nanofiltration layers

A model of the composite membrane consisting of the catalytic layer (CL) and the nanofiltration layer (NFL) is presented. It has been found that applying NFL on the permeate side of CL it is possible to enhance substantially the conversion of substrate into the product. The best performance is obtained for high retention of substrate and low of product. At higher values of volume flow and/or longer catalytic path the retention degree of product becomes negligible. The presence of NFL enhances the influence of distribution of the reaction rate constant, k, on the conversion ratio. Comparing to k = constant the positive effect is obtained if k increases along the catalytic pore, whereas negative—if k decreases.     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50-200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2-0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of r-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes hav     

氯化锂为添加剂制得的疏水聚偏氟乙烯不对称微孔膜的形态结构及其膜蒸馏性能

结合膜的形态结构研究了以 LiCl为添加剂制得的疏水 PVDF膜的膜蒸馏性能。与来用水溶液高分子添加剂制得的PVDF微孔膜相比,膜蒸馏性能有了较大提高,尤其具有更高的截留率。制得的微孔膜的蒸馏通量已接近商品膜的膜蒸馏通量,表明以LiCl为添加剂制得的PVDF疏水微孔膜是一种适用于膜蒸馏的较理想的疏水微孔膜。     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。     

两种固定化金属螯合复合亲和膜色谱介质制备

以纤维素滤纸为基质,通过碱处理、环氧活化、偶联亚氨基二乙酸二钠、固定化Ｃｕ＾２＋后制得了大孔纤维素亲和膜。另外,在活化后的膜上通过共价交联覆盖上琼脂糖,制得了具有类似“三明治”结构且性能优于的复合亲和膜,装柱后分别制得固定化金属螯合亲和膜色谱柱。对两种亲和膜进行牛血清白蛋白等温吸附测定显示,两者的最大吸附量分别为１．１７ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２和１．３０ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２,与传统的琼脂糖凝胶类介质吸附量相当,表     

透氢钯复合膜的原理、制备及表征

钯及其合金膜由于具有透氢性好和耐高温的特点,除了用作氢气分离和纯化器外,还可以用作脱氢、制氢等反应的反应器,以实现反应和分离的一体化,并提高转化率和选择性。本文综述了钯基复合膜的原理、制备及表征,并重点介绍了本研究组的光催化镀膜工艺。