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1.
Jos Timmermans Hans de Haan Flaminio Squazzoni 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2008,14(4):391-414
After an introduction of the theoretical framework and concepts of transition studies, this article gives an overview of how
structural change in social systems has been studied from various disciplinary perspectives. This overview first leads to
the conclusion that computational and mathematical approaches and their practical form, modeling, up till now, have been almost
absent in the research and theorizing of structural change or transitions in social systems. Second, this review of the social
science literature suggests numerous theoretical constructs relevant for transition modeling. Relevant concepts include the
conceptualization of the micro-to-macro link, the importance of explaining both stability and change, quantitative and qualitative
definitions of structural change, the use of dichotomies, synchronic and diachronic reasoning in explaining structural change,
definitions of basic patterns of social change, the conceptualization of resistance to change and intentional and normative
aspects of social change. This article employs these theoretical concepts to describe and discuss the models presented in
this special issue in order to develop an understanding of what exactly entails a computational or mathematical approach to
societal transitions.
相似文献
Flaminio SquazzoniEmail: URL: http://www.unibs.it/on-line/dss/Home/Personale/PersonaleDocente/articolo1758.html |
2.
Hans de Haan 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2008,14(4):302-319
In this article a mathematical framework is introduced and explored for the study of processes in societal transitions. A
transition is conceptualised as a fundamental shift in the functioning of a societal system. The framework views functioning
as a real-valued field defined upon a real variable. The initial status quo prior to a transition is captured in a field called
the regime and the alternative that possibly takes over is represented in a field called a niche. Think for example of a transition
in an energy supply system, where the regime could be centrally produced, fossil fuel based energy supply and a niche decentralised
renewable energy production. The article then proceeds to translate theoretical notions on the interactions and dynamics of
regimes and niches from transition literature into the language of this framework. This is subsequently elaborated in some
simple models and studied analytically or by means of computer simulation.
相似文献
Hans de HaanEmail: URL: http://www.eur.nl/fsw/staff/homepages/dehaan/ |
3.
4.
Gönenç Yücel Catherine Miluska Chiong Meza 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2008,14(4):320-349
The emerging need for societal transitions raises the need for a better understanding of the dynamic nature of large scale
societal systems, and therefore the development of an analytical approach for drawing dynamic conclusions based on system’s
dynamic mechanisms, feedback relationships and interacting components.
The objective of this study is to explore the degree to which System Dynamics as an approach enhances the process of understanding
transition dynamics in socio-technical systems. In other words, it is aimed to reveal the type of insights that can be developed
about such systems and their dynamic behaviour using the approach, as well as the shortcomings of the approach in this challenging
task. In order to do so, a modeling study aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms of the waste management transition
in the Netherlands is conducted.
The quantitative model developed is based on the historical case of the waste management transition of the Netherlands, and
it portrays issues as the dynamics of actors’ preferences, development of infrastructure and environmental consequences of
dominant mode of functioning and provides an instance for demonstrating and evaluating the feedback-focused perspective discussed
in this paper.
Finally, the paper discusses a set of points regarding the utilized approach, System Dynamics, observed during this study
both in general and in the specific context of transitions. In short, System Dynamics stands as a promising approach mainly
due to its strength in explaining the source of complex dynamics based on interacting feedback loops, but it also has certain
drawbacks in the context of transitions.
相似文献
Catherine Miluska Chiong MezaEmail: |
5.
Modeling a polity based on viable scientific concepts and theoretical understanding has been a challenge in computational
social science and social simulation in general and political science in particular. This paper presents a computational model
of a polity (political system) in progressive versions from simple to more realistic. The model, called SimPol to highlight
the fundamental structures and processes of politics in a generic society, is developed using the combined methodologies of
object-based modeling (OOM), the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and the methodology of Lakatos’ research programs. SimPol
demonstrates that computational models of entire political systems are methodologically feasible and scientifically viable;
they can also build on and progress beyond previous theory and research to advance our understanding of how polities operate
across a variety of domains (simple vs. complex) and levels of analysis (local, national, international). Both simple and
realistic models are necessary, for theoretical and empirical purposes, respectively.
相似文献
Claudio Cioffi-RevillaEmail: |
6.
James A. Kitts Paul T. Trowbridge 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2007,13(4):333-353
This paper considers a formal model of cultural transmission in organizations, examining the interplay of structured social
influence and organizational demography. A set of focused and fine-grained computational experiments elucidates this model’s
assumptions, facilitates deeper explanations for some of its behavior, and explores the robustness and scope conditions of
previously published conclusions. In doing so, this investigation highlights several important issues in the design and evaluation
of computational experiments.
相似文献
Paul T. TrowbridgeEmail: |
7.
Michael P. Wolf 《Acta Analytica》2007,22(3):207-222
Causal theories of reference in the philosophy of language and philosophy of science have suggested that it could resolve
lingering worries about incommensurability between theoretical claims in different paradigms, to borrow Kuhn’s terms. If we
co-refer throughout different paradigms, then the problems of incommensurability are greatly diminished, according to causal
theorists. I argue that assuring ourselves of that sort of constancy of reference will require comparable sorts of cross-paradigm
affinities, and thus provides us with no special relief on this problem. Suggestions on how to think about rigid designation
across paradigms are included.
相似文献
Michael P. WolfEmail: |
8.
Kelly Becker 《Acta Analytica》2009,24(1):17-31
Timothy Williamson has provided damaging counterexamples to Robert Nozick’s sensitivity principle. The examples are based
on Williamson’s anti-luminosity arguments, and they show how knowledge requires a margin for error that appears to be incompatible
with sensitivity. I explain how Nozick can rescue sensitivity from Williamson’s counterexamples by appeal to a specific conception
of the methods by which an agent forms a belief. I also defend the proposed conception of methods against Williamson’s criticisms.
相似文献
Kelly BeckerEmail: |
9.
Javier Kalhat 《Acta Analytica》2008,23(2):161-176
In this paper I argue against Armstrong’s recent truthmaking account of possibility. I show that the truthmaking account presupposes
modality in a number of different ways, and consequently that it is incapable of underwriting a genuine reduction of modality.
I also argue that Armstrong’s account faces serious difficulties irrespective of the question of reduction; in particular,
I argue that his Entailment and Possibility Principles are both false.
相似文献
Javier KalhatEmail: |
10.
Michael McDermott 《Acta Analytica》2007,22(4):333-335
In this note I discuss what seems to be a new kind of counterexample to Lewis’s account of counterfactuals. A coin is to be
tossed twice. I bet on ‘Two heads’, and I win. Common sense says that (1) is false. But Lewis’s theory says that it is true.
(1) If at least one head had come up, I would have won.
相似文献
Michael McDermottEmail: |
11.
Mark van Roojen 《Acta Analytica》2008,23(4):319-335
This paper presents a non-consequentialist defense of Rawls’s general conception of justice requiring that primary social
goods be distributed so that the least share is as great as possible. It suggests that a defense of this idea can be offered
within a Rossian framework of prima facie duties. The prima facie duty not to harm constrains people from supporting social
institutions which do not leave their fellows with goods and resources above a certain threshold. The paper argues that societies
in accord with the Rawlsian general conception come closest to meeting this requirement. This way of arguing for the conception
enables the defenders of the theory to elude standard objections offered by utilitarians, libertarians, and even other egalitarians.
相似文献
Mark van RoojenEmail: |
12.
Riccardo Boero Marco Castellani Flaminio Squazzoni 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2008,14(2):156-174
The paper aims at presenting an agent-based modeling exercise to illustrate how small differences in the cognitive properties
of agents can generate very different macro social properties. We argue that it is not necessary to assume highly complicated
cognitive architectures to introduce cognitive properties that matter for computational social science purposes. Our model
is based on different simulation settings characterized by a gradual sophistication of behavior of agents, from simple heuristics
to macro-micro feedback and other second-order properties. Agents are localized in a spatial interaction context. They have
an individual task but are influenced by a collective coordination problem. The simulation results show that agents can generate
efficiency at a macro level particularly when socio-cognitive sophistication of their behavior increases.
相似文献
Flaminio Squazzoni (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Anomaly detection in a mobile communication network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alec Pawling Nitesh V. Chawla Greg Madey 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2007,13(4):407-422
Mobile communication networks produce massive amounts of data which may be useful in identifying the location of an emergency
situation and the area it affects. We propose a one pass clustering algorithm for quickly identifying anomalous data points.
We evaluate this algorithm’s ability to detect outliers in a data set and describe how such an algorithm may be used as a
component of an emergency response management system.
相似文献
Greg MadeyEmail: |
14.
Richard Garner 《Applied Categorical Structures》2009,17(3):247-285
The small object argument is a transfinite construction which, starting from a set of maps in a category, generates a weak
factorisation system on that category. As useful as it is, the small object argument has some problematic aspects: it possesses
no universal property; it does not converge; and it does not seem to be related to other transfinite constructions occurring
in categorical algebra. In this paper, we give an “algebraic” refinement of the small object argument, cast in terms of Grandis
and Tholen’s natural weak factorisation systems, which rectifies each of these three deficiencies.
相似文献
Richard GarnerEmail: |
15.
We propose an approach to epistemic justification that incorporates elements of both reliabilism and evidentialism, while
also transforming these elements in significant ways. After briefly describing and motivating the non-standard version of
reliabilism that Henderson and Horgan call “transglobal” reliabilism, we harness some of Henderson and Horgan’s conceptual
machinery to provide a non-reliabilist account of propositional justification (i.e., evidential support). We then invoke this
account, together with the notion of a transglobally reliable belief-forming process, to give an account of doxastic justification.
相似文献
Terry HorganEmail: |
16.
Steffen Borge 《Acta Analytica》2009,24(2):149-154
In this paper I argue against a criticism by Matthew Weiner to Grice’s thesis that cancellability is a necessary condition
for conversational implicature. I argue that the purported counterexamples fail because the supposed failed cancellation in
the cases Weiner presents is not meant as a cancellation but as a reinforcement of the implicature. I moreover point out that
there are special situations in which the supposed cancellation may really work as a cancellation.
相似文献
Steffen BorgeEmail: |
17.
Giovanni Rossi Stefano Arteconi David Hales 《Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory》2009,15(2):95-108
Previous models have applied evolving networks based on node-level “copy and rewire” rules to simple two player games (e.g.
the Prisoner’s Dilemma). It was found that such models tended to evolve toward socially optimal behavior. Here we apply a
similar technique to a more tricky co-ordination game (the weakest link game) requiring interactions from several players
(nodes) that may play several strategies. We define a variant of the game with several equilibria—each offering increasing
social benefit. We found that the evolving network functions to select and spread more optimal equilibria while resisting
invasion by lower ones. Hence the network acts as a kind of “social ratchet” selecting for increasing social benefit. Such
networks have applications in peer-to-peer computing and may have implications for understanding social systems.
相似文献
David HalesEmail: |
18.
Laetitia Bueno-Ravel Ghislaine Gueudet 《International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning》2009,14(1):1-20
The study we present here concerns the consequences of integrating online resources into the teaching of mathematics. We focus
on the interaction between teachers and specific online resources they draw on: e-exercise bases. We propose a theoretical
approach to study the associated phenomena, combining instrumental and anthropological perspectives. For given didactical
tasks, we observe teachers’ instrumental geneses, and the didactical techniques they develop. We exemplify our approach with
the analysis of a case study of trigonometry in grade 9.
相似文献
Ghislaine GueudetEmail: |
19.
Nic Damnjanovic 《Acta Analytica》2009,24(2):113-126
In several publications Graeme Forbes has developed and defended one of the strongest arguments for essentialism about biological
origins. I attempt to show that there are deep, as yet unrecognized, problems with this argument. The problems with Forbes’s
argument suggest that a range of other arguments for various forms of origin essentialism are also likely to be flawed, and
that we should abandon the seemingly plausible general metaphysical thesis that concrete entities that share all intrinsic
properties are identical.
相似文献
Nic DamnjanovicEmail: |
20.
Warren Shrader 《Acta Analytica》2008,23(3):257-271
This paper is an investigation into the nature of physicalism as well as to the possibility of formulating physicalism as
a supervenience thesis. First, I review the motivation for finding a supervenience thesis that characterizes physicalism.
Second, I briefly survey the types of supervenience theses that have been proposed as necessary (or, in some cases, as necessary
and sufficient) for physicalism. Third, I analyze the recent supervenience thesis proposed by Frank Jackson and expounded
upon by Gene Witmer. Jackson claims the supervenience thesis is both necessary and sufficient for physicalism; Witmer has
proposed a different interpretation of one of the Jackson’s key notions and has suggested an amended supervenience thesis
that is, if not sufficient, at least necessary for physicalism. However, I will argue that neither Jackson’s nor Witmer’s
supervenience theses as stated are necessary for physicalism.
相似文献
Warren ShraderEmail: |