超声加工硅、锗小片工艺

超声加工半导体材料—硅、锗小方片和小圆片,在我国已有二十多年的历史了.由于硅、锗材料硬度高、脆性大,又是晶体结构,在加工中如果工艺不合理,就会产生尺寸不准确,崩边,缺口和碎裂等情况,所以,超声加工中的工艺研究是一项重要工作. 超声加工硅、锗小片主要由粘片、焊刀、切割、溶洗几个工序组成.如果任一道工序操作     

基于窗口的印刷车间作业动态调度研究

为了解决实际印刷车间突发设备故障和紧急插单问题,采用滚动窗口技术结合遗传算法的方法,建立适合实际印刷车间生产的动态再调度模型;设定若干印品订单、机器设备的加工工序以及各工序加工时间、工序约束条件等,以订单的最大最小加工时间和再调度的偏离度为多目标优化,采用周期与事件混合驱动策略,将滚动窗口再调度机制和遗传算法相结合进行流程设计和编码,构建印刷车间再调度模型;采用标准问题FT06和FT01验证了文章设计的模型算法的有效性和可行性;运行程序,模拟正常加工时紧急插单和机器故障突发时,系统生产新的调度计划即调度甘特图,仿真结果表明该动态调度模型可以用于印刷作业的正常排产调度,在遇突发状况时可生成稳定、符合交货日期的再调度方案。     

基于Thrift的RPC中间件在航天信息系统中的设计与实现

为了解决实际印刷车间突发设备故障和紧急插单问题,本文采用滚动窗口技术结合遗传算法的方法,建立适合实际印刷车间生产的动态再调度模型。设定若干印品订单、机器设备的加工工序以及各工序加工时间、工序约束条件等,以订单的最大最小加工时间和再调度的偏离度为多目标优化,采用周期与事件混合驱动策略,将滚动窗口再调度机制和遗传算法相结合进行流程设计和编码,构建印刷车间再调度模型。采用标准问题FT06和FT01验证了本文设计的模型算法的有效性和可行性。运行程序,模拟正常加工时紧急插单和机器故障突发时,系统生产新的调度计划即调度甘特图,仿真结果表明该动态调度模型可以用于印刷作业的正常排产调度,在遇突发状况时可生成稳定、符合交货日期的再调度方案。     

基于激光散斑成像的零件表面粗糙度建模

表面粗糙度是衡量机械表面加工水平的重要参数. 通过构建一套激光散斑成像采集系统, 获取了不同表面加工类型和不同粗糙度值的零件表面激光散斑图像. 应用Tamura纹理特征理论提取图像的纹理粗糙度、对比度、方向度特征, 并分析了这三个特征与表面粗糙度的关系. 发现了纹理粗糙度特征与表面粗糙度的单调关系, 推导出平磨、外磨、研磨三种表面加工工艺的粗糙度值与图像纹理粗糙度特征的数学函数关系, 实现了表面粗糙度的测量. 同时, 利用Tamura纹理特征与加工工艺的依赖关系, 建立了基于贝叶斯网络的工艺识别推理模型, 推理出了零件表面加工工艺. 通过为多种加工类型表面建立粗糙度测量模型, 为粗糙度测量提供了新思路. 实验证明所提的粗糙度测量模型能以较高的准确率识别出零件表面加工类型并测量出其表面粗糙度值.     

非球面聚光透镜的加工

<正> 一、引言非球面透镜在聚光系统中的应用日趋普遍,通常聚光系统没有理想成象的要求,非球面聚光透镜就其加工精度而言是属于低等的。因此,对这类非球面透镜加工工艺考虑的重点应放在简化加工工序和提高工效上。二、加工工艺非球面聚光透镜如图1,非球面方程为:y~2=40x-0.5x~2。从加工方便考虑,我们采用由中心向0.7带逐渐多磨的方法。最大非球面度在0.7带,经计算δ_(max)=0.65mm。具体工艺(非球面部分)如下:     

角锥棱镜加工工艺研究

设计了一种适用于角锥棱镜加工的靠体,在铣磨成型、粗磨及精磨和粗抛工序中直接通过该靠体的翻转实现角锥棱镜的成盘化加工,最后以配重分离器工艺进行精抛。该工艺可实现光束平行差为1″的高精度角锥棱镜的批量生产,且使得角锥棱镜整体工艺方案加工工序减少、生产节奏快、效率高、质量可保证。     

轨迹成型法加工球面光学零件新原理的研究

针对在现行球面光学零件加工的基本工序中存在的问题，提出了用轨迹成型法加工球面光学零件的新原理，并对其进行了深入研究。轨迹成型法加工新原理是零件在自身旋转的同时，以某一设定的曲率半径摆动的复合运动与磨轮的圆周运动相互干涉，形成凸或凹的球面。此加工原理的机床能够使加工工序集中化、磨床多用化、加工范围扩大化，而且使工件的面形精度和表面粗糙度容易得到保证，并且加工效率得到了提高，加工成本得到了降低。因此，该加工原理具有广泛的推广应用价值。     

光学玻璃加工破坏层研究及粗磨、精磨、抛光工序加工余量的合理匹配

本文通过用五种散粒磨料（碳化硅）、五种固着磨料（金刚石）对八大类常用光学玻璃进行加工，用扫瞄电子显微镜观察其表面形貌，用抛测法测出其破坏层深度，得出一系列破坏层的深度数值，从而找出破坏层与磨料之问的函数关系。以破坏层的绝对深度为依据，得出光学加工中精磨、抛光工序的加工余量的合理匹配值。     

炸药件倒角加工工艺分析

在加工炸药件倒角时，影响倒角柱段加工尺寸的因素包括刀尖圆弧、刀尖不规则与端面和倒角工序安排的先后顺序。     

黑腔芯轴超精密加工

黑腔制备是间接驱动惯性约束聚变靶制备的重要环节。一般的方法要把金电镀在芯轴上,具体制备工艺步骤包括：车削制作芯轴;用电镀法,在芯轴表面镀上适当厚度的金层;镀金芯轴二次装夹,按要求加工金层;溶掉芯轴,得到金空腔。由此可以看出,芯轴加工作为空腔制备工艺过程的首道加工工序,也是最重要的一道工序。芯轴加工质量决定了空腔制备所能达到的质量上限。因此,国内外都把其作为靶制备的重要环节加以研究。     

太赫兹成像准光学系统设计

为了设计出适用于太赫兹波段成像的光学系统,综合分析了各种成像系统的特点,其中离轴三反射式光学系统具有独特的优势。通过对离轴三反射式光学系统的设计原理、设计方法和步骤的详细介绍,利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,通过编写简单的ZPL宏指令以及光阑和视场离轴,设计了工作在太赫兹波段、入瞳大小250 mm、瞬时视场1 mrad、焦距800 mm、F数3.2的系统,实现了可用于太赫兹波段无中心遮拦的离轴三反射式准光学成像系统设计。     

Refinement of high pressure single-crystal diffraction data using Jana2006

The refinement of high pressure single-crystal data is difficult as the intensities of the reflections from the sample can be falsified due to effects originating from the components of the diamond anvil cell. A series of procedures were developed and implemented into Jana2006 to allow for an easy identification and handling of the outlying intensities in the structure determination process. The use of these procedures is described on the basis of a working example.     

A simplified procedure for the estimation of (COP)R for heat pumps

A simplified procedure for estimating the Rankine coefficient of performance for vapor compression heat pumps is presented. This procedure ddoes not need detailed thermodynamic data. It requires only the liquid specific heat and the latent heat of vaporisation at the evaporating temperature. This procedure is tested by its application to eight potential heat pump working fluids for which exact (COP)_R values have been reported based on detailed thermodynamic data. Very wide ranges of evaporating and condensing temperatures are covered. The results indicate that the present procedures can predict (COP)_R values within 3–4%. Useful correlations for calculating the liquid specific heat and the latent heat of vaporisation for these working fluids are also presented, which cover temperature ranges of importance for heat pump applications.     

Flat elements on buildings using close-range photogrammetry and laser distance measurement

The dimensions of building facades and window apertures are usually measured by direct methods using tapes and plummets. These methods require several operators, are slow and in many cases imply working in conditions of high risk. This paper proposes to replace these procedures by indirect methods based on close-range photogrammetry and laser distance measurement, resulting in a low cost, quick, simple and safe method. The method is based on taking three photographs with a digital camera and measuring the three distances with a laser meter, with both instruments mounted on a support that is calibrated in multiple turning positions in order to simultaneously measure different elements on a plane that has regular or irregular geometry.     

Variational techniques on classes of Lagrangians

We present canonical procedures for the manipulation of whole classes of Lagrangians that share the same transformation law and functional dependence but are otherwise arbitrary in functional form, and for the derivation therefrom of generalized conserved quantities. The techniques are demonstrated on the class of scalar density LagrangiansL=L _G+L _EM, whereL _G is a function of the metric and its first and second derivatives andL _EM is a function of the metric and a vector potential and its first derivative, which generate the Einstein-Maxwell equations (without cosmological constant). These procedures should be of interest to those studying alternate formulations of general relativity, those deriving new field theories, and others working with general of modified Lagrangians.     

High-frequency sonoelectrochemical processes: mass transport, thermal and surface effects induced by cavitation in a 500 kHz reactor

The use of high frequency ultrasound in electrochemical systems is of major interest for the optimisation of electrosynthetic and electroanalytical procedures, especially when the strong mechanical effects of 20 kHz ultrasound are detrimental. The characterisation of a 500 kHz ultrasound reactor for sonoelectrochemical experiments by voltammetric and potentiometric measurements revealed the presence of considerable thermal, as well as mass transport, effects depending on geometric parameters and the material used for the construction of the working electrode. Micromixing and cavitation processes govern the mass transport to and from the electrode surface and are shown by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to cause erosion on the electrode surface. Electrochemically active films of Prussian blue are shown to be gradually removed by cavitation erosion. Degassing the solution prior to sonication increases the efficiency of cavitation processes.     

Measuring the self-similarity exponent in Lévy stable processes of financial time series

Geometric method-based procedures, which will be called GM algorithms herein, were introduced in [M.A. Sánchez Granero, J.E. Trinidad Segovia, J. García Pérez, Some comments on Hurst exponent and the long memory processes on capital markets, Phys. A 387 (2008) 5543-5551], to efficiently calculate the self-similarity exponent of a time series. In that paper, the authors showed empirically that these algorithms, based on a geometrical approach, are more accurate than the classical algorithms, especially with short length time series. The authors checked that GM algorithms are good when working with (fractional) Brownian motions. Moreover, in [J.E. Trinidad Segovia, M. Fernández-Martínez, M.A. Sánchez-Granero, A note on geometric method-based procedures to calculate the Hurst exponent, Phys. A 391 (2012) 2209-2214], a mathematical background for the validity of such procedures to estimate the self-similarity index of any random process with stationary and self-affine increments was provided. In particular, they proved theoretically that GM algorithms are also valid to explore long-memory in (fractional) Lévy stable motions.     

Quantum computation based on magic-angle-spinning solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is shown to be a promising technique for implementing quantum computing. The theory underlying the principles of quantum computing with nuclear spin systems undergoing MAS is formulated in the framework of formalized quantum Floquet theory. The procedures for realizing state labeling, state transformation and coherence selection in Floquet space are given. It suggests that by this method, the largest number of qubits can easily surpass that achievable with other techniques. Unlike other modalities proposed for quantum computing, this method enables one to adjust the dimension of the working state space, meaning the number of qubits can be readily varied. The universality of quantum computing in Floquet space with solid state NMR is discussed and a demonstrative experimental implementation of Grover's search is given. Received 19 April 2001     

Some thoughts on future research into hand-arm vibration studies

Vibration is an omnipotent force, which has moulded our lives one way or another. Human race has harmoniously adapted to this soothing, caring and benevolent force over many millions of years. Today, this very life-sustaining force has been transformed into a monster force, significantly affecting the health and safety of innocent souls all over the world! A wealth of information exists in the published literature, revealing the various aspects of vibration environment on human activities.Many industrial nations have formulated standardized procedures to safeguard the wellbeing of their working populations, by preventing vibration pollution levels reaching various parts of the body by various means. There are still significant areas of inquiry where fresh approaches can be made to broaden our basic understanding of many mechanisms involved and to offer positive solutions to the vibration-polluted community.