Macroscopic Quantum State in Optically Driven Semiconductors: Crossover from Electron-Hole BCS to Exciton Bose Condensation

Luminescence spectra from high-density electron-hole ( e-h ) systems at zero temperature are studied. The calculated spectra clearly show the crossover between the e-h BCS state and the exciton Bose-Einstein condensate; this behavior analyzed neither with the BCS-like mean-field theory nor with the interacting Boson model. The strong phase fluctuation associated with the center-of-mass motion of e-h pairs is considered with the generalized random phase approximation combined with the Bethe-Salpeter equation for e-h pairs. The calculated spectra show that the broad spectral components from the e-h BCS state splits into P- and P 2 -lines with decreasing e-h density. The calculated density dependence of the band-gap renormalization excellently agrees with experiments for CuCl and ZnO.     

外势场中玻色--爱因斯坦凝聚性质的研究

(1)简要介绍BEC概念的一种含义及BEC形成的条件；(2)着重对外势场中的BEC作了研究，得出了低维情况下产生BEC的条件：当U(x)-2^η时，一维情况发生BEC满足η＜2；二维情况发生BEC满足η＞0。     

Dynamic Analysis for Bose-Einstein Condensation in Quantum Cavity

For the two-level atoms system interacting with single-mode active field in a quantum cavity, the dynamics of the Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) is analyzed using an ordinary method suggested by authors to solve the system of Schrödinger representation in the Heisenberg representation. The wave function of the atoms is given. The stability factor determining the BEC and the selection rules of the quantum transition are solved.     

Landau Damping of Collective Mode in a Quasi-One-Dimensional Repulsive Bose-Einstein Condensate

We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation. We put forward a new method to calculate the Landau damping rate of the collective mode in the condensate and discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature, on transverse trapping frequency, on atom number in the condensate, and on length of the system. Different from the usual calculation method for the three dimension system, our new calculation method is an interactive one by considering the practical relaxation of the elementary excitation. With little approximation, our theoretical calculation results agree with the experimental ones. Comparing with the usual calculation method, our theory is helpful to deduce the inter-particle interactions in damping phenomenon.     

Quantum phase transitions in Bose-Einstein condensates from a Bethe ansatz perspective

We investigate two solvable models for Bose-Einstein condensates and extract physical information by studying the structure of the solutions of their Bethe ansatz equations. A careful observation of these solutions for the ground state of both models, as we vary some parameters of the Hamiltonian, suggests a connection between the behavior of the roots of the Bethe ansatz equations and the physical behavior of the models. Then, by the use of standard techniques for approaching quantum phase transition - gap, entanglement and fidelity - we find that the change in the scenery in the roots of the Bethe ansatz equations is directly related to a quantum phase transition, thus providing an alternative method for its detection.     

Condensation in the quantum spherical spin-glass

The quantum spherical spin-glass is analyzed by using a replica symmetric theory (RS) and the physical properties of the system can be explained by the existence of a zero frequency condensate below the critical temperature. The free energy coincides with previous results obtained with an annealed average of the partition function. A calculation with one step replica symmetry breaking (1S-RSB) shows that the only solution is the replica symmetric one.     

非谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的数值计算

从G-P平均势场理论出发,探讨了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的G-P方程的一维形式,用数值计算方法研究了非谐势阱中非理想玻色凝聚气体的基态和第一激发态解.给出了能量随非线性系数的变化规律.     

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons and Photon Pairs

We investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons and photon pairs in a two-dimension optical microcavity. We find that in the paraxial approximation, the mixed gas of photons and photon pairs is formally equivalent to a two dimension system of massive bosons with non-vanishing chemical potential, which implies the existence of two possible condensate phase. We also discuss the quantum phase transition of the system and obtain the critical point analytically. Moreover, we find that the quantum phase transition of the system can be interpreted as second harmonic generation.     

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons and Photon Pairs

We investigate the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons and photon pairs in a two-dimension optical microcavity. We find that in the paraxial approximation, the mixed gas of photons and photon pairs is formally equivalent to a two dimension system of massive bosons with non-vanishing chemical potential, which implies the existence of two possible condensate phase. We also discuss the quantum phase transition of the system and obtain the critical point analytically. Moreover, we find that the quantum phase transition of the system can be interpreted as second harmonic generation.     

雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移

采用含时哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似研究雪茄形铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移. 通过考虑元激发的实际弛豫及其各弛豫间的正交关系改进原有方法, 并由此给出计算朗道阻尼和频移的新公式. 此外, 令凝聚体边界处动能密度为零代替令基态能量极小以改进原消除三模耦合矩阵元的方法. 通过这些改进, 同时计算阻尼和频移, 并讨论它们的温度依赖, 所得理论结果都与实验符合. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 朗道阻尼和频移 哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似 托马斯-费米近似     

A Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Toroidal Trap

We have studied the ground state configurations of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensation in a toroidal trap as the radius of the central Gaussian potential expands adiabatically. Firstly, we observe that the vortices are devoured successively into the central hole of the condensate to form a giant vortex as the radius of the trap expands. When all the pre-existing vortices are absorbed, the angular momentum of the system still increase as the radius of the
gaussian potential enlarges. When increasing the interaction strength, we find that more singly quantized vortices are squeezed into the condensate, but the giant vortex does not change.     

球对称铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移

采用含时哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似研究球对称铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移,并用现有实验和数值模拟研究的粒子数和囚禁频率参量,解析计算了阻尼系数和频移大小及其它们的温度依赖.计算中,考虑元激发的实际弛豫及其各弛豫间的正交关系以获得阻尼和频移计算公式,把基态波函数取为高斯分布函数的一级近似以消除三模耦合矩阵元的发散.我们的计算结果与数值模拟结果和实验结果分别进行直接和间接地对比,讨论和说明了我们理论方法的合理性.     

球对称铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移

采用含时哈特里-福克-博戈留波夫近似研究球对称铷原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中单极子模的朗道阻尼和频移,并用现有实验和数值模拟研究的粒子数和囚禁频率参量,解析计算了阻尼系数和频移大小及其它们的温度依赖。计算中,考虑元激发的实际弛豫及其各弛豫间的正交关系以获得阻尼和频移计算公式,把基态波函数取为高斯分布函数的一级近似以消除三模耦合矩阵元的发散。我们的计算结果与数值模拟结果和实验结果分别进行直接和间接地对比,讨论和说明了我们理论方法的合理性。     

Landau damping and frequency-shift of a quadrupole mode in a disc-shaped rubidium Bose–Einstein condensate

The damping and frequency-shift in Landau mechanism of a quadrupole mode in a disc-shaped rubidium Bose–Einstein condensate are investigated by using the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov approximation. The practical relaxations of the elementary excitations and the orthometric relation among them are taken into account to obtain advisable calculation formula for damping as well as frequency-shift. The first approximation of Gaussian distribution function is employed for the ground-state wavefunction to suitably eliminate the divergence of the analytic three-mode coupling matrix elements.According to these methods, both Landau damping rate and frequency-shift of the quadrupole mode are analytically calculated. In addition, all the theoretical results agree with the experimental ones.     

V型三能级原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体与双模压缩光场相互作用系统中光场的量子相关性质

研究了V型三能级原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)与双模压缩态光场相互作用系统中光场的量子相关特性。结果表明：双模压缩态光场在与原子玻色-爱因斯坦相互作用过程中，其量子相关性质保持不变，完全决定于初始光场。     

Quantum Statistical Properties in Two—Species Bose—Einstein Condensates

We have studied quantum statistical properties in a zero-temperature two-species Bose-Einstein condensate system in the presence of the nonlinear self-interaction of each species,the interspecies nonlinear interaction,and the Jisephson-like tunneling interaction.It is found that the two condensates may periodically exhibit sub-Poissonian distribution.It is revealed that the correlation between the two condensates can be nonclassical,which means that there exists a violation of Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.The nonclassical effect about the correlation between the two condensates can be realized experimentally by properly preparing the total number of atoms in the two condensates.     

用F-G-H方法研究玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体基态性质

用F-G-H方法数值求解描述BEC凝聚体的非线性薛定谔方程-Gross-Pitaevskii方程.研究总粒子数、粒子间相互作用、谐振频率和一般幂指数外势对玻色凝聚体粒子数密度分布、基态能量的影响.结果表明,增大幂指数外势、谐振频率,降低粒子间的排斥作用会增加凝聚体中心的粒子数密度、缩小凝聚体半径;增大总粒子数、谐振频率、粒子间的排斥作用和幂指数外势的指数会增大体系的基态能量;随着总粒子数增大,数值结果与托马斯-费米近似结果渐趋一致,托马斯-费米近似在大粒子数条件下是一种较好的近似方法,在粒子数有限时,结果与真实情形偏差较大,应采用数值解法.     

Quantum Dynamics of Cooled Atoms in the Presence of Bose—Einstein Condensates

Under the Markov approximation,the quantum dynamics of cooled atoms in the presence of Bose-Einstein condensates is studied.A master equation governing the evolution of such a system is derved.Using this master equation,the distribution of the atoms in the excited states at finite temperature and the dynamics of the excited atom at zero temperature are given and discussed.     

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Bose-Einstein Condensation in Harmonic Traps

A simple and direct approach to handle summation is presented. With this approach, we analytically investigate Bose-Einstein condensation of ideal Bose gas trapped in an isotropic harmonic oscillator potential. We get the accurate expression of Tc which is very close to (0.43% larger than) the experimental data. We find the curve of internal energy of the system vs. temperature has a turning point which marks the beginning of a condensation. We also find that there exists specific heat jump at the transition temperature, no matter whether the system is macroscopic or finite. This phenomenon could be a manifestation of a phase transition in finite systems.