有机磺酰氯参与的磺酰化及脱磺酰化反应

作为一类活泼的亲电试剂,有机磺酰氯参与的脱磺酰化偶联反应已经发展成为一个新的研究热点.在适当的温度以及钯等过渡金属络合物的催化下,磺酰氯可以和多种亲核试剂发生脱磺酰化偶联反应,并在一些重要有机合成反应中显示出良好的应用前景.有鉴于此,特就过渡金属催化下磺酰氯的脱磺酰化交叉偶联的研究进展进行简要的评述,并与相应的磺酰化反应进行对照,以其找出脱磺酰化偶联的关键因素,为以后的相关研究提供参考.     

钯催化下芳基磺酸酯和芳基硅烷的Hiyama交叉偶联反应

钯催化下有机硅试剂和有机亲电试剂的Hiyama偶联反应是形成碳-碳键的重要方法之一．相较于有机锌、锡试剂和格氏试剂,有机硅试剂易于操作,对空气和水也较稳定,且毒性很低．另一方面,芳基磺酸酯作为交叉偶联反应中的亲电试剂正在受到很大关注．作为酚的衍生物,此类化合物廉价易得,性质稳定且易于操作．     

镍催化还原偶联反应构筑C(sp~2)—C(sp~2)/C(sp~2)—C(sp~3)键的研究进展

亲电试剂的还原偶联反应避免了有机金属试剂的制备与使用,对各类官能团拥有极好的兼容性,为C—C键的构筑提供了一类重要的方法.近些年来,该反应的研究取得了突破性进展,实现了一系列C(sp2)—X与C(sp3)—X亲电试剂参与的交叉偶联反应.主要针对镍催化亲电试剂交叉偶联反应构筑C(sp2)—C(sp2)和C(sp2)—C(sp3)键的研究展开综述,详细介绍了各种偶联反应及其反应机制.     

钯催化下有机锡化合物的偶联反应在碳-碳键形成过程中的应用

本文述评了最近几年来钯催化的有机锡化合物与有机亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应在有机合成中用于碳-碳键形成的主要研究成果。主要讨论了直接交叉偶联反应,CO或烯键插入的交叉偶联反应和机理。     

亮点介绍

<正>C—O和C—N亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 12481～12486亲电试剂交叉偶联反应已成为实现C—C键快速、精准构筑的重要方法.该反应具有步骤经济性好、官能团兼容性佳和化学选择性独特等优点,因此近年来越来越受关注.然而,该方法目前主要局限于卤代烃的转化.这已成为制约亲电试剂交叉偶联反应进一步发展的瓶颈问题.兰州大学功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室舒兴中课题组首     

金属钯催化有机铝试剂与亲电试剂的偶联反应研究进展

有机金属铝化合物因其活性高、中心金属铝的高Lewis酸性和较低的毒性而成为有机反应中优异的亲核试剂.因此,有机金属铝试剂广泛应用于交叉偶联反应中.主要对近年来金属钯催化的有机金属铝试剂在交叉偶联反应中的应用研究成果进行了综述,涉及各种反应体系.     

镍催化构筑C(sp3)—C(sp3)键反应研究进展

过渡金属催化的偶联反应是构筑C-C键的高效方法,在有机合成中得到了广泛的应用.然而,相对于Heck反应、Negishi偶联与Suzuki偶联等构筑C（sp²）-C（sp²）键的反应,过渡金属催化的构筑C（sp³）-C（sp³）键的偶联反应较难进行,发展较晚.近年来,烷基-烷基C-C键偶联反应受到广泛的重视,一些高效催化剂被开发出来,其中镍催化剂展示出独特的催化活性和选择性.本文将综述镍催化烷基-烷基C-C键偶联反应最新研究进展,主要包括烷基亲电试剂与金属有机试剂交叉偶联反应、导向基参与的C（sp³）-H键活化的偶联反应、镍-光反应催化剂协同催化偶联反应、烷基亲电试剂与亲电试剂的还原偶联反应和镍催化烯烃加成反应等.     

烷基铝试剂与亲电试剂的偶联反应研究进展

烷基铝试剂因其反应活性高、毒性低、易于制备,广泛应用于有机反应中.过渡金属催化或无催化剂的条件下,有机铝试剂与亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应为多种化合物的合成提供了一种简便的方法,并显示出比有机锂和有机镁试剂更高的官能团耐受性,可以在硝基、酯基、羟基、氨基、腈基和内酯的存在下与羰基进行加成反应,与亲电试剂进行偶联反应.近年来许...     

钯催化剂催化交叉偶联反应形成P-C键和复杂含磷化合物的研究进展

综述了利用金属钯催化交叉偶联反应形成P-C键以合成各种复杂的含磷化合物特别是手性膦配体的研究进展;介绍了参加偶联反应的不同价态的P化合物亲核试剂,以及卤代烯烃、卤代芳烃、三氟甲磺酸烯基脂、三氟甲磺酸芳基脂、乙烯基硼酸脂等亲电试剂;探讨了相应的偶联反应的反应条件、反应机理及其在材料、医药、农药等领域的应用.     

Pd催化交叉偶联P-C键形成反应

近30年来,Pd催化交叉偶联形成P-C键的反应在药物、催化剂配体、阻燃剂和高分子材料等领域受到普遍重视。本文介绍了Pd催化交叉偶联反应形成P-C键的方法,以及利用该法制备有机膦化合物的研究进展。作为反应底物的磷亲核试剂包括亚磷酸二烷基酯、亚膦酸酯、次膦酸酯、氧化膦、伯或仲膦、三芳基膦、亚磷酸三烷基酯、膦-硅(锡)化合物和膦-硼烷复合物等,参与偶联反应的亲电试剂包括卤代烯烃、卤代芳烃、三氟甲磺酸烯基酯、三氟甲磺酸芳基酯、乙烯基硼酸酯等,并对反应机理、反应条件和反应的影响因素进行了探讨。     

应用先进光谱技术研究无机离子的环境界面化学

发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。     

ICP-MS的KED模式测定磷酸加王水复溶土壤样品中的二十种金属元素

在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL     

Transition Metal–(μ-Cl)–Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry

Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding in Ziegler–Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M–(μ-Cl)–Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M–(μ-Cl)–Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler–Natta processes and beyond.     

中文化学名词醇醛酮醚酯之由来

1932年民国教育部颁布的《化学命名原则》为中文化学名词确立了统一的标准,并对于"元素及化合物定名取字"提出"取字应以谐声为主,会意次之,不重象形"的定名总则.它确立的中文化学名词醇、醛、酮、醚、酯是意译名,这似乎与其音译为主的命名原则相悖.本文讨论了醇、醛、酮、醚、酯的各种历史译名,并分析了它们被《原则》采纳的原因.     

Bestimmung von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs in NBS-Ochsenleber, Blutplasma und Erythrocyten durch INAA und AAS

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.

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Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS

Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar.     

Phosphorescence of aromatic molecules in complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin at room temperature

The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d₈ and-h₈, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol⁻¹s⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997.     

Attenuation of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia via Cholinergic Modulation in Mice by Synthetic Curcumin Analogs

Alzheimer’s disease is an emerging health disorder associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. In this study, six curcumin analogs (1a–1f) were synthesized and screened for in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential. On the basis of promising results, they were further investigated for in vivo analysis using elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) behavioral models. The binding mode of the synthesized compounds with the active sites of cholinesterases, and the involvement of the cholinergic system in brain hippocampus was determined. The synthesized curcumin analog 1d (p < 0.001, n = 6), and 1c (p < 0.01, n = 6) showed promising results by decreasing retention time in EPM, significantly increasing % SAP in Y-maze, while significantly (p < 0.001) enhancing the % discrimination index (DI) and the time exploring the novel objects in NORT mice behavioral models. A molecular docking study using MOE software was used for validation of the inhibition of cholinesterase(s). It has been indicated from the current research work that the synthesized curcumin analogs enhanced memory functions in mice models and could be used as valuable therapeutic molecules against neurodegenerative disorders. To determine their exact mechanism of action, further studies are suggested.     

Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines:Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides

Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments.     

Unveiling Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compositional Differences between Dukkah and Za’atar via SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD

Interest in plant-based diets has been on the rise in recent years owing to the potential health benefits of their individual components and the notion that plant-based diets might reduce the incidence of several diseases. Egyptian dukkah and Syrian za’atar are two of the most historic and famous Middle Eastern herbal blends used for their anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. Headspace SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD were adopted for characterizing the aroma profile and phenolic compounds of both herbal blends, respectively. Further, vapor-phase minimum inhibitory concentration was employed for assessing each blend’s antibacterial potential, while their antioxidant potential was estimated via in vitro antioxidant assays. SPME headspace analysis indicated the abundance of ethers and monoterpene hydrocarbons, while HPLC revealed the presence of several phenolics including rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. Biological investigations affirmed that vapor-phase of the tested blends exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, while the antioxidant potential of the blends was investigated and expressed as Trolox (125.15 ± 5.92 to 337.26 ± 13.84 μM T eq/mg) and EDTA (18.08 ± 1.62 to 51.69 41 ± 5.33 μM EDTA eq/mg) equivalent. The presented study offers the first insight into the chemical profile and biological activities of both dukkah and za’atar.