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1.
Design and operation of an optical fiber sensor based on the intensity modulation is reported in this article. Two distinct mechanisms are considered for the optical power loss and the sensor operation is explained in terms of these effects. The dominant loss mechanism is found to be the evanescent loss and based on this phenomenon the optical fiber sensor is designed. Performance of this sensor is tested as a liquid level sensor for water and the experimental results are reported. The dry and wet signals for this probe are measured for a series of measurements and important factors concerning the design and operation of sensor are described. The precision of measured values, reproducibility of the results, and the stability of sensing operation as a function of time are reported. Variation of the output reading of the sensor system for different launching power is also investigated. The output signal of an optical fiber sensor in general is nonlinear, but both the signal difference (dry minus wet) and diff/dry signal ratio for the reported sensor show linear dependence with the launching power at intensities below threshold. The reported results are promising and verify the successful operation of such a device as an on/off level switch and also as a liquid level sensor.  相似文献   

2.
实验研究宽频带脉冲光束通过非线性介质时的非线性热像的形成过程,揭示了光束入射功率和脉冲宽度、介质厚度等因素对热像光强和位置的影响. 结果表明,与单纵模激光束一样,在宽频带脉冲光束情形下,非线性介质上游元件的模糊斑调制也可导致在下游共轭位置形成热像. 热像光强随入射光束功率的增加而增加;若脉冲能量一定,则热像光强随脉冲宽度的增加而减弱;若脉冲峰值功率一定,则热像光强随脉冲宽度的增加而增强. 关键词: 高功率激光 热像 宽带光束 小尺度自聚焦  相似文献   

3.
Large-amplitude (geometrically nonlinear) forced vibrations of circular cylindrical shells with different boundary conditions are investigated. The Sanders-Koiter nonlinear shell theory, which includes in-plane inertia, is used to calculate the elastic strain energy. The shell displacements (longitudinal, circumferential and radial) are expanded by means of a double mixed series: harmonic functions for the circumferential variable and three different formulations for the longitudinal variable; these three different formulations are: (a) Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials, (b) power polynomials, and (c) trigonometric functions. The same formulation is applied to study different boundary conditions; results are presented for simply supported and clamped shells. The analysis is performed in two steps: first a liner analysis is performed to identify natural modes, which are then used in the nonlinear analysis as generalized coordinates. The Lagrangian approach is applied to obtain a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Different expansions involving from 14 to 34 generalized coordinates, associated with natural modes of both simply supported and clamped-clamped shells, are used to study the convergence of the solution. The nonlinear equations of motion are studied by using arclength continuation method and bifurcation analysis. Numerical responses obtained in the spectral neighborhood of the lowest natural frequency are compared with results available in literature.  相似文献   

4.
赵安平  于荣金 《光学学报》1995,15(10):432-1436
发展了一种以有限元法为基础的数值方法,用它分析由损耗任意大小材料构成的平面非线性波导结构所传导的非线性有损耗光波。在这种方法中,从给出的非线性有损耗波导直接得到TE和TM波与功率有关的复传播常数和局域电磁场分布。  相似文献   

5.
A diode-end-pumped electro-optic (EO) Q-switched green laser operating at the repetition rate of 20 kHz is reported. A block of La3Ga5SiO14 (LGS) single crystal is used as a Q-switch and the type I phase- matching LiB305 (LBO) is used as the nonlinear crystal in the second harmonic generation. The 2.3-W average power of 532-nm green laser is obtained at the repetition rate of 20 kHz with the pulse width as short as 10 us. When the output power is about 1.5 W, the measured power fluctuation is less than 1.4% (root-mean-square. RMS) with the beam quality factor of M^2 〈 2 in both orthogonal directions.  相似文献   

6.
We study experimentally and numerically the nonlinear scattering of wave packets by local multisite guiding centers embedded in a continuous dielectric medium as a function of the input power and angle of incidence. The extent of trapping into the linear modes of different sites is manipulated as a function of both the input power and the angle of incidence, demonstrating power-controlled switching of nonlinear trapping by local photonic potentials.  相似文献   

7.
为了有效分析模式竞争,建立了回旋自谐振脉塞(CARM)多模束波互作用自洽非线性理论模型,并具体模拟研究了工作模式为TM51、频率为0.35 THz的高阶横磁模CARM中大轨道相对论电子束与多电磁模式的互作用过程。模拟结果表明:与回旋管不同,THz频段CARM可以有效工作于高阶TM模式,且具有较高的输出功率和增益;通过对工作参数的优化,可使工作模式的功率增长具有绝对优势,而竞争模式得到有效抑制;高阶TM模式THz频段CARM的性能对工作参数的变化十分敏感,在参数设计过程中必须对其进行多模束波互作用模拟分析。  相似文献   

8.
为了有效分析模式竞争,建立了回旋自谐振脉塞(CARM)多模束波互作用自洽非线性理论模型,并具体模拟研究了工作模式为TM51、频率为0.35 THz的高阶横磁模CARM中大轨道相对论电子束与多电磁模式的互作用过程。模拟结果表明:与回旋管不同,THz频段CARM可以有效工作于高阶TM模式,且具有较高的输出功率和增益;通过对工作参数的优化,可使工作模式的功率增长具有绝对优势,而竞争模式得到有效抑制;高阶TM模式THz频段CARM的性能对工作参数的变化十分敏感,在参数设计过程中必须对其进行多模束波互作用模拟分析。  相似文献   

9.
Shwetanshumala  A. Biswas 《Optik》2008,119(9):403-408
We have investigated the propagation characteristics of spatial optical solitons in saturating nonlinear waveguide employing JWKB and paraxial ray approximation. We have obtained two second-order coupled nonlinear differential equations for transverse soliton widths of solitons. Threshold power for stable propagation of the beam has been calculated from these coupled equations. We have undertaken stability analysis, which predicts robustness of these solitons. Both guiding as well as antiguiding cases have been considered and shown that stable spatial soliton propagation is possible in both cases.  相似文献   

10.
卫青  王奇  施解龙 《物理学报》2003,52(7):1645-1649
对在对数型非线性介质中空间灰孤子的存在性进行了研究,认为对数型非线性介质中可以同 时支持暗和灰空间孤子态.并对暗空间孤子的宽度变化作了分析,指出当峰值功率较低时, 束宽随功率的增大而急剧减小,表现出良好的非线性效应;当峰值功率逐渐增大时,束宽的 减小趋势逐渐放慢直至趋于停止. 关键词: 空间暗孤子 空间灰孤子 对数型非线性介质  相似文献   

11.
针对火电厂烟气光谱数据的非线性特性,采用了基于神经网络内部模型的非线性偏最小二乘定量分析方法。该方法进行偏最小二乘(PLS)回归后,将自变量和因变量的隐变量作为神经网络的输入和输出进行训练,即可得到非线性内部模型。将PLS、基于向后传递神经网络内部模型的非线性PLS(BP-NPLS)、基于径向基函数神经网络内部模型的非线性PLS(RBF-NPLS)和基于自适应模糊推理系统内部模型的非线性PLS(ANFIS-NPLS)对火电厂烟气多组分进行测定后比较,BP-NPLS、RBF-NPLS和ANFIS-NPLS较之PLS,将二氧化硫预测模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别降低了16.96%,16.60%和19.55%;将一氧化氮预测模型的RMSEP分别降低了8.60%,8.47%和10.09%;将二氧化氮预测模型的RMSEP分别降低了2.11%,3.91%和3.97%。实验表明,非线性PLS较PLS更适用于火电厂烟气定量分析。通过神经网络对非线性函数的高度逼近特性,基于本文所提及内部模型的非线性偏最小二乘方法有较好的预测能力和稳健性,在一定程度上解决了基于多项式和样条函数等其他内部模型的非线性偏最小二乘方法的自身局限性。其中,ANFIS-NPLS的效果最好,自适应模糊推理系统的学习能力能够有效降低残差,使模型具有较好的泛化性,是一种比较准确实用的火电厂烟气定量分析方法。  相似文献   

12.
A theoretical analysis of noise in a high-power cascaded fiber amplifier is presented. Unlike the noise theory in low power communication, the noise of a high power system is redefined as the leaked output energy between pulses with coherent beat noise uncounted. This definition is more appropriate for high power usage in which the pulse energy receives more attention than the pulse shape integrity. Then the low power pre-amplifying stages are considered as linear amplification and analyzed by linear theory. In the high-power amplification stages, the inversion is assumed to recover linearly in the time interval between pulses. The time shape of the output pulse is different from that of the input signal because of different gains at the front and back ends of the pulse. Then, a criterion is provided to distinguish the nonlinear and linear amplifications based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis. Then, an experiment that shows that the output SNR actually drops off in nonlinear amplification is performed. The change in the noise factor can be well evaluated by pulse shape distortion.  相似文献   

13.
级联二阶非线性法布里-珀罗谐振腔特性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
檀慧明 《光学学报》1999,19(10):354-1360
在小信号近似下,得出了级联二阶过程的表达式。利用该式的有效三阶极化率的表达式,讨论了存在二阶非线性光学晶体的法-珀谐振腔的非线性光学特性。分析表明,由于谐振腔的存在,通过非线性晶体的功率密度超过入射功率密度几十倍以上,因而产生较大的、随相位失配变化的非线性相位漂移。当相位失配接近2π时,获得基叔光的最大相位漂移。该最大相位漂移对应的相位失配随着入射功率密度、非线性晶体的地阶极化率和晶体长度而变化。  相似文献   

14.
We report on transient-pulse nonlinear spectroscopy with the radiation of a multimode THz gas laser. The method is demonstrated for studying the nonlinear response of a current-carrying superlattice to THz radiation; the current through a superlattice can be suppressed by a strong THz field. The method makes use of the pulses of a high power multimode THz gas laser. By splitting the laser beam for selected laser modes into a main beam and a reference beam we monitored with a reference detector the transient power in the main beam. The simultaneous measurement of both the instantaneous response and the instantaneous power allows to obtain the power dependence of the response within a single laser pulse. The method is suitable to study the nonlinear response of matter to THz radiation fields in a large dynamic range.  相似文献   

15.
This paper presents an optimal design for a system comprising a nonlinear energy sink (NES) and a piezoelectric-based vibration energy harvester attached to a free–free beam under shock excitation. The energy harvester is used for scavenging vibration energy dissipated by the NES. Grounded and ungrounded configurations are examined and the systems parameters are optimized globally to both maximize the dissipated energy by the NES and increase the harvested energy by piezoelectric element. A satisfactory amount of energy has been harvested as electric power in both configurations. The realization of nonlinear vibration control through one-way irreversible nonlinear energy pumping and optimizing the system parameters result in acquiring up to 78 percent dissipation of the grounded system energy.  相似文献   

16.
Artificial Neural Networks are developed as an important technique for equalization and have been widely used to mitigate the nonlinear effects in coherent optical systems. For the compensation of nonlinearities in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique, the most popular artificial neural network model is a multilayer perceptron (MLP), as it is able to perform complex mapping between input and output spaces with significant success. However due to the complexity of multilayer perceptron nonlinear equalizer (MLP-NLE) model training of neural network is difficult. To overcome computational complexity issues of MLP-NLE, a single neuron based functional link artificial neural network nonlinear equalizer (FLANN-NLE) has been developed in this paper. Better performance of an equalizer is attributed to the usage of aPSO-BP algorithm for training the FLANN-NLE. The proposed FLANN-NLE surpasses the existing works both in terms of Q-Factor and computational complexity. For a fiber length of 1000 km and at launch power of ?6 dBm, the improvement in Q-Factor is approximately equal to 3.3 and 1 dB in contrast to the previously reported values of approximately 3 and 0.7 dB at bit rate of 40 and 80 Gbps respectively.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with base stations (BSs) powered from both renewable energy sources and the grid power are considered. Based on a techno-economic analysis, we demonstrate that by controlling both transmit power and stored energy usage of BSs, energy costs can be effectively reduced. Specifically, we propose a two-stage BS operation scheme where an optimization and control subproblem is solved at each stage, respectively. For the first subproblem, transmit power of BSs is adjusted while quality of service (QoS) experienced by users is preserved. In the second subproblem, we consider the strategic scheduling of renewable energy used to power the BSs. That is, harvested energy may be reserved in the battery for future use to minimize the cost of on-grid power that varies in real-time. We propose: (1) an optimization approach built on a lattice model with a method to process outage rate constraint, and (2) a control algorithm based on nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) theory to solve the two subproblems, respectively. Simulation results include a collection of case studies that demonstrate as to how operators may manage energy harvesting BSs to reduce their electricity costs.  相似文献   

18.
单模光纤激光极限功率的数值研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
朱家健  杜文博  周朴  许晓军  刘泽金 《物理学报》2012,61(6):64209-064209
对光纤激光极限功率的探索和其受限因素的分析, 有利于为大功率光纤激光器的发展提供理论依据和实验指导. 本文考虑热效应、光效应、非线性效应和抽运亮度等因素对光纤激光极限功率的影响, 分析了掺镱和掺铥光纤的极限功率和受限因素. 在此基础上, 结合激光在光纤中单模传输的条件, 计算了单模掺镱和掺铥光纤激光的极限功率. 计算结果表明, 在现有技术条件下, 使用常规的976 nm和793 nm激光二极管抽运, 单模掺镱和掺铥光纤激光的极限功率分别为4.2 kW和7.8 kW, 其中单模掺铥光纤激光的功率水平还远低于它的极限功率的原因是受抽运亮度的限制. 最后分析指出减小纤芯的数值孔径和改进少模光束的光束质量是提升单模光纤激光极限功率的重要途径.  相似文献   

19.
We have investigated the nonlinear response of the silver nanoparticle samples in a low-power regime of electromagnetic field based on nonlocal thermo-optic models. In this work, the experimental investigation of the thermo-optic nonlinear response of Ag colloids containing different size of silver nanoparticles is reported. The colloidal nanoparticle samples were synthesized by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of Ag bulk in acetone. The sample containing Ag was characterized by linear absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using the z-scan technique, the behavior of thermal nonlinear refractive index of colloid was studied at different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Observation of asymmetrical configurations of the z-scan data indicates that nonlinear refraction occurring in the Ag samples is related to the thermo-optical process. The optical limiting here is due to nonlinear refraction of the samples arising from thermal lens formation under low-power CW excitation. When the laser power is low, the self-defocusing effect is mainly dominated by surface plasmon resonance effect. Results show that with increasing concentration of nanoparticles in acetone, the nonlinear refractive index increases while the threshold power of optical limiting decreases.  相似文献   

20.
建立了在同一块非线性激光晶体上实现自混频激光的理论模型。该模型计入了具有任意腰斑大小的泵浦光和腔内基频光的空间分布,并将该模型应用到NYAB和Nd:GdCOB的自混频蓝光实验。理论分析预测和证实了一些实验结果,同时,讨论和总结了提高自混频激光输出效率的途径。  相似文献   

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