铈离子与4,4′-二乙酰氨基二苯基甲烷体系引发烯类聚合

四价铈离子可与多种有机还原剂组成氧化还原引发体系用于烯类聚合。Samal等报道酰胺化合物如硫代乙酰胺、丁二酰胺、乙酰胺能与铈离子匹配进行丙烯腈(AN)水溶液聚合。我们研究室发现铈离子与乙酰苯胺及其衍生物组成的体系,能顺利引发丙烯酰胺AAM聚合。本工作考察了二酰胺化合物,4,4′-二乙酰氨基二苯基甲烷     

铈离子/4-甲氧基丁二酰-对-甲苯胺或4-甲氧基马来酰-对-甲苯胺体系引发烯类聚合

研究了铈离子与四种不同结构的酰苯胺类化合物,如4-甲氧基丁二酰苯胺(MSA)-4-甲氧基丁二酰-对-甲苯胺(MST)、丁二酸单酰-对-甲苯胺(SAMT)和4-甲氧基马来酰-对-甲苯胺(MMT),组成的引发体系对丙烯酰胺聚合的影响,测定了聚合表现活化能和聚合反应动力学方程。由聚丙烯腈的红外光谱端基分析证实了MST组分与铈离子反应产生的自由基能引发烯类聚合。     

铈离子与乙酰乙酸乙酯体系引发烯类聚合的研究

<正> 铈离子与醇、醛、酮、α-羟基酸等组成的体系能引发烯类单体进行自由基聚合。关于铈离子与酯类化合物体系文献报道甚少。孙燕慧发现脂肪酸酯或芳香酸酯对铈离子引发丙烯酰胺(AAM)聚合能起促进作用,提高聚合速度只R_(p)但活性较小,相对聚合速度只,为1.3左右。本文研究了二元酸酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯(EACAC)分别与铈离子组成的体系引发AAM聚合,实验结果表明EACAC有很高的活性,它与铈离子组成的体系为一氧化还原引发体系。应用自由基捕捉技术和ESR波谱研究,能检测到由EACAC组分反应产生的自由基,从聚合物端基的FT-IR光谱分析,证实了该自由基能引发单体聚合而成为聚合物的端基。从而讨论了引发机理。     

铈离子与乙酰苯胺及其衍生物引发丙烯酰胺聚合动力学的研究

以铈离子和酰苯胺引发体系进行丙烯酰胺的聚合,研究了不同结构酰苯胺对聚合的影响。在H_2O-CH_3CN(3∶1)介质中聚合时,乙酰对甲苯胺对聚合的促进作用最为明显,聚合速度可提高一个数量级。测定了聚合反应的表观活化能和聚合动力学方程、由聚合物的原子发射光谱,UV光谱和端基测定,提出了聚合反应机理。     

STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF CERIC ION AND ACETYLACETONE REDOX SYSTEM IN VINYL POLYMERIZATION

The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed.     

VINYL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION INITIATED WITH CERIC ION AND ETHYL N, N-DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMYL ACETATE SYSTEM

Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of cericion and ethyl N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was foundthat the polymerization rate equation is in good agrement with that of a redox initiatedpolymerization, and the overall activation energy of the polymerization was determinedto be 25.2kJ·mol~(-1). Accordingly, the system belongs to a redox initiator. The initiationmechanism was proposed based on the end group analysis using FT-IR, UV spectroscopies.Analysis results revealed that the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl radical produced from theredox reaction of EDCA with ceric ion can initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization andform the end group on PAN. The resulting PAN was photopolymerized with butyl acrylate(BA) to form PAN-b-PBA block copolymer.     

锰(Ⅲ)离子与羧酸或α-羟基羧酸体系引发丙烯酰胺聚合

锰(Ⅲ)离子可以引发烯类单体自由基聚合。羧酸,α-羟基羧酸对丙烯酰胺聚合有促进作用,其活性顺序为羟基多元羧酸(柠檬酸)>羟基羧酸(乳酸)>羧酸(正丁酸)。测定了在较高酸性([H~+]=3.0M)的硫酸水溶液中,单独Mn~(3+),Nn~(3+)-乙醇酸,Mn~(3+)-乳酸引发丙烯酰胺聚合的活化能与动力学方程。     

铈离子与氨基甲酸酯类化合物引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究

本文对铈离子与苯基氨基甲酸酯类化合物在H_2O-CH_3CN(3∶1,V/V)及H_2O-HCONH_2(1∶2,V/V)两种介质中引发丙烯酰胺的聚合进行了研究。考察了不同结构的苯基氨基甲酸酯对聚合的影响。苯基氨基甲酸酯类化合物对铈离子引发聚合均有促进作用,其中对-甲苯基氨基甲酸酯的促进作用最为显著。测定了聚合反应表现活化能及聚合动力学方程,并提出了聚合反应机理。     

有机过氧化物与N,N-二(2-羟烷基)对甲苯胺体系引发烯类聚合及其机理的研究

研究了有机过氧化物BPO,LPO分别与N,N-二(2-羟烷基)对甲苯胺DHET,DHPT组成的体系引发MMA的聚合。测定其聚合速度R_p,聚合表观活化能,聚合速度方程,聚合放热过程的温度与时间的关系。用自旋捕捉和ESR波谱技术,测定了上述体系反应产生的自由基中间体,同时通过聚合物端基分析证实DHET,DHPT组份产生的自由基能引发单体聚合。依据实验结果提出了这类体系的引发机理。     

新型引发转移终止剂引发烯类单体活性自由基聚合及共聚合

引发转移终止剂 (Iniferter)是最早实现活性自由基聚合的方法 ,尽管它对聚合过程控制得不是很好 ,但是可聚合单体多 ,能方便地制备接枝和嵌段共聚物 .因此 ,近 2 0年来 ,它一直是高分子合成化学领域的一个研究热点 ,许多新颖结构的引发转移终止剂被合成并用于制备端基功能化聚合物、遥爪聚合物、大分子单体以及接枝和嵌段聚合物等 .本文扼要综述了引发转移终止剂的发展 ,着重综述了我们研究组在C—C键型高活性热引发转移终止剂、新的光引发转移终止剂、可聚合光引发转移终止剂、新型多功能引发转移终止剂和大分子光引发转移终止剂 5个方面的研究进展     

N-(对甲苯基)马来酰亚胺的自由自聚合与光敏诱导聚合及共聚合

N-烷基与N-芳基马来酰亚胺,是属于1,2-二取代乙烯结构的单体,文献[1—3]报道这类单体能进行自由基聚合与共聚合。但对于N-(对甲苯基)马来酰亚胺(PMPMI)的自由基聚合与共聚合中,溶剂对聚合物分子量的影响尚未有详细报道。至于N-烷基与N-芳基马来酰亚胺分别和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的共聚合也有一些报道,由竞聚率的测定,计算出N-芳基马来酰亚胶的e值是2.12—2.29和1.35—1.75。表明N-芳基马来酰亚胺是一缺电子的单体,即负性单体。我们研究室曾报道N,N-二甲基-对甲苯胺(DMT)和其它芳胺能光诱导引发负性单体丙烯腈聚合。PMP-     

镍(Ⅱ)-N-(对位取代苯基)亚氨基二乙酸配合物的生成反应动力学及机理研究

本文选择N-(对位取代苯基)亚氨基二乙酸(p-RC_6H_4N(CH_2COOH)_2,R=CH_3O,CH_3,H,Cl,简写为PRPh_1DA,以NR(OH)_2或H_2L表示)为配体,采用断流分光光度计研究了Ni(Ⅱ)与此配体生成配合物的反应动力学。结果发现,两性离子具有较高的反应活性,且反应活性随配体碱性增大而降低,其反应机理与二齿配体的反应很相似。 实验方法见[1]。其中配体N-(对位取代苯基)亚氨基二乙酸的合成见[2],用KNO_3控制离子强度0.1mol·dm~(-3),动力学研究最佳波长250nm,反应温度25.0±0.31℃。     

N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]丙烯酰胺与丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合的竞聚率

N-[4-(磺酰胺)苯基]丙烯酰胺(ASPAA)单体可以均聚或与其它单体共聚合成具有药理活性的聚合物，制成水溶性、毒副作用小、具有缓释作用的大分子药物．同时，由于磺酰胺基具有一定的碱溶性，ASPAA与丙烯酸酯类等单体的共聚物可用于制备可碱显影、显影宽容度和耐印力等性能良好的平印、计算机直接制版版材．有关ASPAA与其它单体共聚的竞聚率还鲜见报道．本文在合成ASPAA单体的基础上，对ASPAA／丙烯腈和ASPAA／甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚的竞聚率进行了研究。     

N－（N＇，N＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺－过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究

Ｎ－（Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺－过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺聚合的研究潘松汉，唐康泰，王贞，王真智中国科学院广州化学研究所，广州，５１０６５０关键词Ｎ－（Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－二甲氨基甲基）丙烯酰胺、反应动力学、氧化还原体系、相对分子质量及分布为了制备高质量...     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYPROPYLENE-POLY(METH)ACRYLATE BLOCK COPOLYMERS USING METALLOCENE CATALYZED PROCESSES AND SUBSEQUENT ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

ABSTRACT

The synthesis of block copolymers containing low molar mass polypropylene and poly(meth)acrylates is reported. Vinyl-terminated polypropylene (M_n SEC=3,100; M_w/M_n=1.45) was used to prepare a macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) via hydrosilation with 1-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)propyl-tetramethyldisiloxane. Polar segments were then incorporated to polypropylene by chain extension using either methyl methacrylate, or n-butyl acrylate. While blocking efficiency was limited in this system, well-defined PP-b-PMMA (M_n=22,220; M_w/M_n=1.14) was obtained by extraction of unreacted polypropylene with diethyl ether.     

过渡金属盐催化甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二乙氨基)乙酯的自引发自由基聚合

研究了高氧化态过渡金属盐(CuX2/L、FeX3/L,X=C1或Br;L =2,2′-联吡啶、N,N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二亚乙基三胺;CuSO4)催化甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二乙氨基)乙酯(DEAEMA)的自引发氧化聚合,利用气相色谱跟踪单体转化率、利用凝胶渗透色谱和多角激光光散射跟踪聚合...     

N-(2-乙烯氧乙基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺聚合物与共聚物的荧光行为

<正> 我们曾报道过一系列含有给电子生色基团的丙烯酰类单体如甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基苄酯、N-(N′,N′-二甲氨基苯基)丙烯酰胺类、8-丙烯酰氧喹啉类、N-丙烯酰-N′-苯基哌嗪类、N-丙烯酰-N′-嘧啶哌嗪类、N-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-N-甲基代苯胺等的合成、聚合、引发行为以及它们的聚合物的荧光行为。这些单体结构的共同点在于其双键为缺电子性而生色基团为给电子性,因而在荧光行为上,由于生成激基复合物或电荷转移而发生荧光     

Alternating copolymerization of N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides with isobutene and thermal properties of the resulting copolymers

Radical copolymerization of N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides (RPhMI) with isobutene (IB) was carried out with an initiator in various solvents at 60°C. The copolymerization of N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)maleimide (2,6-DEPhMI) with IB in benzene proceeded readily in a homogeneous system to give an alternating copolymer over a wide range of the comonomer compositions in the feed. Whereas the alternating tendency of the copolymerization of other RPhMI with IB decreased depending on the alkyl substituents of RPhMI in the following order: 2,6-DEPhMI > N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)maleimide ≥ N-(2-methylphenyl)maleimide >. N-(4-ethylphenyl)maleimide. The copolymerization reactivities were discussed based on the rate constants for the homo-propagations and cross-propagations. Subsequently, the effect of the solvent on the rate and the reactivity ratios was examined. It was revealed that the copolymerization in chloroform proceeded with higher alternating tendency at a higher copolymerization rate than in the copolymerizations in benzene or dioxane. The copolymers of RPhMI with IB showed excellent thermal stability, i.e., high glass transition temperature and initial decomposition temperature over 200 and 350°C, respectively. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

SYNTHESIS AND FREE RADICAL RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF 2-METHYL-AND 2-METHYL-9-n-BUTYL-(-7-METHYLENE-1,4,6-TRIOXA-SPIRO (4, 4)NONANE)

This paper describes the synthesis and free radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-and 2-methyl-9-n-butyl (-7-methylene-1, 4, 6-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane). The structures of the two polymers were verified by IR, 'H and ~(13)C NMR spectra. The substituent on 9-position of 7-methylene-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane affects the structure of polymer and polymerization activity. The polymerization mechanism is discussed.     

Synthesis of complex macromolecules using iterative copper(0)‐mediated radical polymerization

Copper(0) mediated radical polymerization is an efficient and versatile polymerization technique which allows the control of acrylates and methacrylates with an unprecedented maintenance of end group fidelity (～100%) during the polymerization. In this highlight, we summarize recent works using Cu(0)‐mediated radical polymerization for the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via an iterative approach. This approach has been successfully implemented for the synthesis of decablock copolymers, constituted of blocks with a degree of polymerization ranging from 3–4 to 100 units as well as for the preparation of multiblock star polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2083–2098