肺癌的血清自体荧光检测

激光诱导荧光光谱是一种研究较为广泛的医用光谱技术,已经被用于组织、细胞学的检测.本文利用激光诱导荧光光谱技术,测定了肺癌患者和健康人的血清自体荧光光谱.并采用主成分分析法和判别分析法对荧光光谱数据进行了分析和处理,从大量的光谱数据中提出少量主成分值,并通过主成分值的差别对肺癌的诊断率进行分析.得到的结果为,对肺癌的诊断...     

激光光源-在线荧光光谱检测中的光强度比较研究

基于激光光源和氙灯光源在线荧光光谱法测定罗丹明B、维生素B₂、荧光素和异硫氰酸荧光素含量比较研究激光光源产生的荧光强度和氙灯光源产生的荧光强度。罗丹明B、维生素B₂、荧光素和异硫氰酸荧光素浓度均为10 μg·mL-1,积分时间100 ms,测定3次得其平均值。在线荧光光谱法最大吸收波长分别为580,450,488和510 nm;最大发射波长依次为594,530,525和524 nm。紫外-可见分光光度法测得其最大吸收波长为557,441,481和490 nm;荧光分光光度法测得其最大发射波长为586,520,519和520 nm。通过测定药物,发现激光光源产生的荧光光强度较强于氙灯光源产生的荧光光强度,原因不仅跟光源有关,而且与药物分子的共轭体系大小、共轭大π键的共平面性及其刚性程度、分子母体上取代基的种类有关,分子所处的外界环境如温度、溶剂、溶液酸碱度、激发光的照射等因素也会影响荧光效率。激光光源和氙灯光源产生的荧光光强度大小顺序为罗丹明B>荧光素>异硫氰酸荧光素>维生素B₂。激光光源在线荧光光谱法在一定程度上填补了在线荧光光谱仪在食品、药品痕量检测方面应用的空白。     

激光诱导荧光雷达探测系统仿真研究

激光诱导荧光技术是一种应用广泛的新型遥测技术,为了指导实际激光诱导荧光探测系统的搭建,介绍了荧光检测原理,设计了激光诱导荧光雷达探测系统。以测量水面石油类污染物为例,通过分析激光诱导荧光雷达探测系统中发射系统及接收系统主要参数对系统信噪比的影响,可根据测量条件选择合适的系统参数。在实验室条件下,选用单脉冲能量为50 μJ的Nd:YAG激光器,接收视场角0.1 mrad,滤光片带宽60 nm的接收系统,可以检验浓度为10个/L的粒子。     

激光诱导荧光快速直接检测土壤中多环芳烃污染物的可行性研究

提出了快速直接对土壤中多环芳烃污染物进行荧光检测的方法——激光诱导荧光光谱技术,以多环芳烃蒽为研究对象,实验验证了激光诱导荧光光谱技术快速检测土壤中蒽污染物的可行性.采用AvaSpec-2048TEC型热电制冷式光纤光谱仪对土壤中的蒽进行直接测量,研究结果表明:当土壤中蒽浓度在一定范围内(0.000 005～0.001...     

基于激光诱导荧光的油类污染物检测系统研究

油类污染物具有破坏海洋生态系统和间接污染大气及土壤的危害,快速、准确地检测污染物的成分及其浓度具有重要意义。由于油类污染物光谱重叠严重,因此难以通过传统荧光分析准确加以区分。本文基于激光诱导荧光技术,以氙灯作为激发光设计荧光光谱检测系统,并对0#柴油、92#汽油和煤油进行扫描和检测,从而获得激发/发射光谱以及最佳激发/发射波长。并对该系统的软件算法部分进行改进,运用Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑直接获得更加精确的激发/发射光谱,更能全面、准确地反映油类物质的荧光特性信息。并与传统的荧光光谱仪得到的光谱图进行对比,经实验验证激光诱导荧光技术的荧光光谱检测系统的有效性,对油类污染物的荧光光谱信号的检测具有更高的灵敏度。     

基于径向基函数网络的激光诱导荧光特征光谱分离算法

应用激光诱导荧光技术测量水中溶解有机物(DOM)含量，具有灵敏度高、检测速度快、可遥测等优点，其中特征荧光光谱的分离在系统中占有十分重要的地位.在分析激光诱导荧光光谱特征的基础上，提出了采用径向基函数网络(RBFN)分析荧光光谱数据的数学模型，应用这种模型从荧光光谱中恢复出了激光、拉曼和DOM的荧光等光谱分量成分，从而得到了水中DOM的浓度. 关键词： 径向基函数网络 激光诱导荧光 溶解有机物     

激光诱导海藻酸钠溶液转移的研究

以海藻酸钠溶液为研究对象,利用激光诱导前向转移技术诱导溶液转移,探讨激光脉冲能量、光斑直径、钛层厚度以及海藻酸钠溶液质量分数对液滴的直径和表面形貌的影响.实验结果表明,当光斑直径为100μm时,液滴的直径更小,且表面致密均匀且形貌清晰.极差分析显示海藻酸钠溶液质量分数、激光脉冲能量、光斑直径、钛层厚度对液滴直径影响的重要性递减.同时利用高速摄影仪拍摄激光诱导海藻酸钠溶液转移的过程,发现激光诱导液体靶材转移过程中伴随着流体多相动力学行为.     

毛细管阵列电泳检测过程中的杂散光分析

建立了激光诱导荧光检测系统.采用光学仿真方法,建立与实际光学系统相同的模型.模拟表明:聚焦光束扫描毛细管阵列,轴上光束入射到毛细管内径中心时产生的杂散光最大,在两边逐渐减小.由毛细管产生的杂散光的平均光强是无毛细管时的2.725倍,说明由它产生的杂散光比较严重.对不同大小的内径产生的杂散光影响进行了分析比较,增大毛细管的内径,杂散光增大,但毛细管内径减小会使进样量少,检测困难,同时还会加大清洗与灌胶的难度.综合考虑,选取内径为50 μm的毛细管较为合适.利用自行设计的激光诱导荧光检测系统扫描毛细管阵列,进行了杂散光检测实验,光电倍增管记录所收集到的信号,作出了激光束扫描毛细管的不同位置时的杂散光信号强度分布图,实验与模拟结果相一致.     

64通道单粒子荧光光谱数据采集系统

为了提高微弱荧光信号的探测能力,获取高分辨光谱信息,通过2套32通道光电倍增管(PMT)阵列,结合激光诱导荧光技术,搭建了64通道荧光光谱数据采集系统,并使用LabVIEW对数据采集系统进行软件控制,实现光谱数据的高速采集与处理。实验结果表明该采集系统光谱分辨率为4.69nm,能够对微流控芯片内通过的单粒子样品溶液进行荧光光谱采集,实现计数功能。     

几种典型石油类污染物紫外激光诱导荧光光谱特性研究

为实现海岸带石油类污染物的快速与非接触性检测,文章基于激光诱导荧光探测技术,利用紫外激光作为激发光源,建立了石油类污染物荧光探测系统.利用此系统测量了多种石油类样品的荧光光谱信号,结果表明,不同种类的石油样品荧光信号存在较大差异,因此,荧光光谱可以作为石油类污染物分类识别的一种依据.     

便携式激光诱导荧光检测器的研制

采用共聚焦光学结构,并用激光二极管泵浦固体激光器作为激发光源,研制出一种小型荧光检测系统,该系统采用模块化结构,具有何种小,成本低,灵敏度高,易操作等优点,若适配检测池模块可满足不同的分离体系。     

Estimation of the droplet size spread with the laser induced fluorescence/Mie technique

The laser measurement technique based on the ratio between the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and the scattered light (Mie) intensities of droplets is presently limited to the evaluation of the Sauter mean diameter of the droplets. The important measurement of the droplet size spread is currently missing. An extension of the LIF/Mie technique for the measurement of droplet size spread is proposed here and is evaluated numerically. The method is based on the imperfect relationships between the scattered light intensity and the droplet surface area or the fluorescent light intensity and the droplet volume, which convey additional information that can be used to evaluate the droplet size spread.     

Compact low-cost detector for in vivo assessment of microphytobenthos using laser induced fluorescence

The development of a compact low-cost detector for non-destructive assessment of microphytobenthos using laser induced fluorescence was described. The detector was built from a specially modified commercial miniature fiber optic spectrometer (Ocean Optics USB4000). Its usefulness is experimentally verified by the study of diatom-dominated biofilms inhabiting the upper layers of intertidal sediments of the Tagus Estuary, Portugal. It is demonstrated that, operating with a laser emitter producing 30 mJ pulses at the wavelength of 532 nm, the detector is capable to record fluorescence signals with sufficient intensity for the quantitative biomass characterization of the motile epipelic microphytobenthic communities and to monitor their migratory activity. This paves the way for building an entire emitter-detector LIF system for microphytobenthos monitoring, which will enable microalgae communities occupying hardly accessible intertidal flats to be monitored in vivo at affordable cost.     

液体中R6G和R110分子的高灵敏探测

本介绍用单分子探测技术对液体中的染料分子Ｒ６Ｇ和Ｒ１１０进行高灵敏探测。以３σ为标准，达到的检测限分别为３．８×１０６－１４ｍｏｌ＝Ｌ（Ｒ６Ｇ）和１×１０＾－１３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｒ１１０），灵敏区内染料分子的平均数目〈１。     

Point and planar ultraviolet excitation/detection of hydroxyl-radical laser-induced fluorescence through long optical fibers

We demonstrate an all-fiber-coupled, UV, laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) detection system of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in flames. The nanosecond-pulsed excitation of the (1,0) band of the OH A(2)∑(+)-X(2)Π system at ～283 nm is followed by fluorescence detection from the (0,0) and (1,1) bands around 310 nm. The excitation-laser beam is delivered through a 400 μm core UV-grade optical fiber of up to 10 m in length, and the fluorescence signal collected is transmitted through a 1.5 mm core 3 m long fiber onto the remote detector. Single-laser-shot planar LIF (PLIF) imaging of OH in flames is also demonstrated using fiber-based excitation. The effects of delivering intense UV beams through long optical fibers are investigated, and the system improvements for an all-fiber-coupled OH-PLIF imaging system are discussed. Development of such fiber-based diagnostics and imaging systems constitutes a major step in transitioning laser diagnostic tools from research laboratories to reacting flow facilities of practical interest.     

基于单光子探测及脉冲位置调制的激光通信关键技术研究

为了实现高灵敏度的空间激光通信,并提高传输信道的抗干扰能力,将单光子探测技术和脉冲位置调制技术相结合,采用门控电路与反馈淬灭电路相结合的方式淬灭单光子探测器雪崩,设计了插入帧头法用于脉冲位置调制解调。用现场可编程门阵列进行了脉冲位置调制解调过程的仿真,验证了插入帧头法的有效性与可行性。在此基础上搭建了1 550 nm的脉冲位置调制激光通信实验,同时测试了单光子探测器在不同参数下的性能。结果表明,当探测效率为25%,触发延时为8.00 ns,门宽为5.0 ns,死时间为0.1μs时,单光子探测器性能最佳。最后测试了不同调制速率下单光子探测器的探测灵敏度,结果表明,当通信码速率为1 Mbps时,通信灵敏度为-51.8 dBm;当通信码速率为4 Mbps时,通信灵敏度为-41.0 dBm,实现了高灵敏度的空间激光通信。     

Na_2SO_4溶液激光拉曼/激光诱导击穿光谱联合探测

光谱技术应用于海底极端环境下多参数、多相态、无接触探测已成为深海化学传感器发展的一个重要方向,尤其是水下激光拉曼光谱技术和水下激光诱导击穿光谱技术正成为目前研究开发的热点。该工作旨在探索一项水下激光诱导击穿光谱与激光拉曼光谱(LIBS-LRS)联合探测技术,以实现LIBS和拉曼两种检测技术在检测系统上的整合,在信息获取上的互补。在实验室搭建了一套LIBS-LRS联合探测装置,该装置对于拉曼和LIBS采用同样的激发光源、光谱仪和探测器,前置光路分为两部分:拉曼光路和LIBS光路,分别收集Na_2SO_4溶液的拉曼信号和LIBS信号。前置光路收集的拉曼和LIBS信号由Y型光纤导入光谱仪,分别在面阵CCD不同区域进行探测。利用该装置对配置的Na_2SO_4溶液进行探测,同时获得了Na元素的LIBS信号和SO~(2-)_4拉曼信号。另外,随着激光能量的提高,在532nm脉冲激光能量超过3.6mJ时,在拉曼光路同时获得了Na元素的LIBS信号和SO~(2-)_4拉曼信号,这样采用同一光路即可实现两种光谱技术的联合,然而实验发现,随着激光能量的增加,激光在溶液中击穿产生的轫致辐射造成了光谱探测基线整体的抬升,对拉曼光谱弱信号的探测是不利的。实验结果初步证明了在拉曼和LIBS在水下联合探测的可行性。     

Laser-induced fluorescence of tracers dissolved in evaporating droplets

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF)-based spray volume and droplet-size measurements rely on assumptions about the evaporation or accumulation of fluorescent tracers during the evaporation of the droplets. We investigate the time-dependent variation of droplet-size and LIF signal intensity of CO₂-laser-heated evaporating water droplets doped with rhodamine 6G. After an initial decrease of fluorescence intensity by 30% due to temperature-dependent diffusion of oxygen into the droplets, the LIF signal remains constant, indicating that the tracers have fully accumulated in the droplet. This evaporation-independent signal can be used as a reference for Mie-scattering-based droplet surface-area measurements that will allow the sensitive observation of spray evaporation and droplet breakup. PACS 42.62.Fi; 32.50.+d; 42.62.Cf     

Attenuation corrections for in-cylinder NO LIF measurements in a heavy-duty Diesel engine

Quantification of the nitric oxide (NO) concentration inside the cylinder of a Diesel engine by means of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements requires, amongst others, knowledge of the attenuation of the ultraviolet radiation involved. We present a number of laser diagnostic techniques to assess this attenuation, enabling a correction for laser intensity and detection efficiency of the raw NO LIF data. Methods discussed include overall laser beam transmission, bidirectional laser scattering (bidirectional LIF), spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging, and Raman scattering by N₂. A combination of techniques is necessary to obtain the complete attenuation of laser beam and NO fluorescence. The overall laser beam transmission measurements and bidirectional LIF measurements (the latter yielding spatially resolved transmission) provide evidence of a non-uniform attenuation distribution, with predominant attenuation within or near the piston bowl. Fluorescence imaging of multiple vibrational bands through a spectrograph is shown to be a powerful method for obtaining spatially resolved data on the transmission losses of fluorescence. Special attention is paid to the role of CO₂ and O₂ as UV light absorbers, and the consequences to different excitation-detection schemes for NO. PACS 82.33.Vx; 42.62.Fi; 33.20.t