气相色谱-质谱联用分析木质纤维素水解液中的单糖组成

采用红外、气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了玉米秸秆木质纤维素多酸水解液中单糖组成。结果表明,水解液中含有的单糖包括葡萄糖,木糖,阿拉伯糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,其中以葡萄糖为主。     

乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法测定小麦非淀粉多糖的单糖组成

采取乙酸酐衍生化气相色谱法测定从小麦麸皮中提取的2种可溶性非淀粉多糖（non-starch polysaccharides,NSP）的单糖组成。所制备的小麦水提取NSP和碱提取NSP中主要的单糖组成是阿拉伯糖和木糖,另外还含有少量的葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖。测定方法的回收率在95.56%—98.62%之间。     

蒙药阿嘎如-8中多糖的研究

介绍了提取阿嘎如-8中水溶性多糖的方法,并用硫酸-苯酚法测定了阿嘎如-8的水溶性多糖含量。平均回收率为101.80%, RSD为0.92%。用GC测定了阿嘎如-8中水溶性多糖由阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖等组成。它们的摩尔比为：0.40∶0.10∶5.67∶22.78。研究了它们的红外及紫外谱图。     

蒙成药哈日阿布日-16中多糖的组分和糖含量研究

介绍了提取哈日阿布日-16中水溶性多糖的方法,并用硫酸-苯酚法测定了该药中水溶性多糖的含量。平均回收率为101.1%,RSD为0.94%。用GC测定了哈日阿布日-16中水溶性多糖由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖等组成。它们的摩尔比为：0.57∶6.67∶0.46∶6.61∶2.47∶4.80。     

用气相色谱和红外光谱对羧甲基化南瓜多糖结构的研究

采用超声辅助法提取南瓜多糖并对其进行分离和羧甲基化;邻苯三酚自氧化法测定羧甲基南瓜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用;气相色谱法、红外光谱对南瓜粗多糖及其组分AP1的化学结构进行了分析.结果表明,羧甲基南瓜多糖能有效清除超氧阴离子自由基,并随着浓度的增加清除作用增强.该结果提示羧甲基南瓜多糖具有抗氧化性.气相色谱证明南瓜多糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、甘露塘、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成.南瓜AP1多糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成.红外光谱分析证实南瓜多糖具有糖类物质的特征吸收峰,同时存在呋喃环和吡喃环.     

气质联用法分析枸杞水溶性粗多糖中单糖组成

采用红外、气质联用技术分析了枸杞水溶性多糖中单糖组成及其含量.结果表明,枸杞多糖里含有的单糖包括阿拉伯糖,鼠李糖,木糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,其含量比例为13.19∶3.41∶2.92∶10.53:18.92:9.82.     

偏最小二乘辅助紫外可见光谱法同时测定烟草中的葡萄糖与木糖含量

烟草中含有葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、木糖等多种糖类物质,占据烟草干重的25%～50%,是烟草的重要组成部分,也是评估烟草内在品质的重要指标。不同的糖类物质在卷烟燃烧过程中会生成不同产物,从而直接或间接地影响卷烟的香气和口感。建立烟草中各种单糖的测定方法,对烟草制品的质量控制具有现实意义。传统的检测方法如费林试剂法、连续流动分析法只能对烟草中的水溶性糖或总糖含量进行测定,无法对单一糖组分进行定量检测;气相色谱、液相色谱等方法虽能检测出不同单项,但是存在样品前处理过程麻烦、检测耗时较长等局限性。该工作在传统间苯三酚显色法测定木糖的基础上,以显色机理对该方法进行改进,解决了该检测体系下葡萄糖显色效果不佳的技术问题,可通过紫外可见光谱技术简单、高效地实现对烟草及卷烟制品中葡萄糖和木糖含量的精准测定。当同时测定上述两种糖组分时,由于二者的紫外可见光谱出峰位置相近,会相互影响彼此的测量准确性。为消除这一干扰,采用偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)建立光谱分析的多元校正模型,辅助改进后的间苯三酚法对烟草及其制品中葡萄糖和木糖含量进行同时检测。研究结果表明：改进后的间苯三酚法对于葡萄糖和木糖的单糖溶液,浓度...     

短波近红外光谱法同时定量分析水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖

用通用紫外-可见分光光度计的短波近红外光谱区域(800～1 100 nm),测量了葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖混合水溶液的近红外光谱,并用偏最小二乘方法建立了同时定量分析水溶液中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的模型。用正交设计法配制了25个校正集样品和9个预测集样品,通过对校正集样品的建模和对预测集样品的检验,结果良好。对浓度范围分别在12.23～61.14 mg·mL-1,12.50～62.50 mg·mL-1,12.09～60.44 mg·mL-1的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖水溶液,校正集的相对标准偏差分别为1.43%,4.51%和1.59%,预测集的相对标准偏差分别为3.40%,3.73%和2.80%。该方法对同时定量分析多组分体系,具有简便、快速价廉、易于推广应用等优点。     

近红外光谱法测定蜂蜜中主要成分的可行性研究

以153个单植物源和混合植物源蜂蜜样品为研究对象,使用３种近红外光谱仪(FT型、CCD型、PDA型)采集蜂蜜的透反射和透射光谱,并应用近红外定量分析技术进行蜂蜜中主要成分(水分含量、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量)的检测研究。用偏最小二乘回归(partial least square repression, PLSR)方法分别建立了蜂蜜水分含量、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量的近红外定量分析模型。结果表明,水分含量、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量的相关系数(r)分别达到0.978 5, 0.931 1和0.890 7,预测误差均方根(RMSEP)分别为0.410 8(%), 1.914 4(%)和2.531 9(%)。研究表明基于近红外光谱的蜂蜜主要成分快速无损检测准确度高,具有很高的实用价值。     

离子色谱法测定大蒜中的糖

为了解大蒜多糖中单糖的组成,在AminoPac PA10(2×250mm)离子色谱分离柱上用10.0mM NaOH溶液作为流动相,以Au为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极的脉冲安培检测器,分离检测了大蒜多糖水解产生的单糖成分及含量.实验结果表明,大蒜多糖中阿拉伯糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖和果糖的相对含量分别为0.22%、6.43%、0.14%和93.20%.该方法具有灵敏度和精密度高、分离效果好及样品不需要衍生化处理的优点,适合大蒜样品中单糖或大蒜多糖水解后单糖的分析.     

芥菜多糖的研究

采用Sevag法除蛋白和乙醚除脂,再水煮-醇沉法,从芥菜中提取得到浅黄色芥菜粗多糖。苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量;UV法及IR法检测多糖性质;自动旋光仪测定旋光度;HPLC鉴定多糖的单糖组分及其相对百分比含量;采用凝胶渗透色谱-激光光散射联用技术(SEC-LLS)分析多糖的分子量范围及其分布。该芥菜多糖,无甜味,易溶于水,总糖含量为98．96%;192 nm处有明显吸收峰,260,280 nm处无吸收峰,证明被测物为多糖,且不含核酸及蛋白质;红外吸收光谱分析,在3 402,2 926,2 853,1 636,1 400,1 385,1 326, 1 125,757,658,619,559 cm-1处表现为典型的多糖吸收峰;旋光度为+151.5°。糖残基间的苷键可能为α-糖苷键;分子量在1.42×104～2.55×106之间,80%的组分集中在2.1×105左右;芥菜多糖主要由葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和木糖组成,其摩尔比值为21.4∶12.89∶5.6∶4∶2.5。     

阿里红多糖的气相色谱和红外光谱

采用乙醇沉淀得到阿里红多糖(FoP),用Sevag法除去蛋白后采用气相色谱(GC)和红外光谱(IR)对得到的阿里红多糖进行分析.结果表明,阿里红多糖中含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其摩尔比为0.2:0.29∶0.41∶0.77∶0.70∶ 1.16.红外光谱分析阿里红多糖中存在吡喃环.     

High level dosimetry by optical rotation

The present investigation deals with the study of change in angle of specific rotation under irradiation of aqueous solutions of sucrose, glucose, fructose and arabinose with a view to explore their usefufness for dosimetry in the Mega rad range. The study was carried out by irradiation of air-equilibrated as well as nitrogen-equilibrated aqueous solutions and also in the presence of thiourea. Of the systems studied air-equilibrated aqueous arabinose solution gave a smooth response of the angle of specific rotation with dose. The change in angle of specific rotation with dose was independent of dose rate and a dose ranging from 1‐100 M rad could be measured conveniently with 4 per cent error. Radiation degradation of arabinose in aqueous solution seemed to follow the reaction of the first order.     

Use of a modified Drude's equation to investigate the optical rotation property of sugars

Sugar compounds (glucose, xylose, arabinose, and galactose) and their mixed solutions were examined using the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) measurement technique with a modified Drude's equation. Commonly, spectroscopic methods utilize the observation of absorption bands which are, in the case of sugars, located in the UV-spectral range. However, the polarization method used in this study allows us to investigate sugar samples in a convenient visible spectral range where sugar solutions are relatively transparent. The ORD set-up can be simple and robust as we will demonstrate: the self-constructed apparatus consists of only two linear polarizers, placed one after the other, with the angle between their transmission axes adjusted to 45°. The sugar solution sample in a cuvette was put between the polarizers. The set-up was connected to a sample compartment of a commercial UV–vis spectrophotometer. The method provided us the specific optical rotation and concentration of sugar solutions with a reasonable accuracy. In addition, the optical rotation value for mixed sugars has been found to be the average optical rotation value of individual sugar content. Beside use in the laboratory environment, the method could also have industrial on-site monitoring applications, for example in bio fuel production.     

Ultrasound-ionic liquid enhanced enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of biomass cellulose

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment on the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of the sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw. The lignocellulosic biomass was dissociated in ILs ([Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]AOC) aided by ultrasound waves. Sonication was performed at different frequencies (20, 28, 35, 40, and 50 kHz), a power of 100 W, a time of 30 min and a temperature of 80 °C. The changes in the structure and crystallinity of the cellulose were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The amounts of the total reducing sugars, glucose, cellobiose, xylose and arabinose in the hydrolysates were determined. The results of FT-IR, XRD and TGA revealed that the structure of cellulose of both biomass samples remained intact after the pretreatment, but the crystallinity decreased. The enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of the biomass samples pretreated with the ultrasound-IL result in higher yields of the reducing sugars compared with the IL-pretreated sample. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse and wheat straw pretreated with [Bmim]Cl-ultrasound resulted in maximal yields of glucose at 20 kHz (40.32% and 53.17%) and acid hydrolysis resulted in maximal yields of glucose at 40 kHz (33.32% and 48.07%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse and wheat straw pretreated with [Bmim]OAc-ultrasound show maximal yields of glucose at 28 kHz and acid hydrolysis at 50 kHz. Combination of ultrasound with [Bmim]OAc is more effective than [Bmim]Cl in terms of the yields of reducing sugar.     

不同方法提制的茶叶粗多糖的光谱分析

以低档绿茶为原料采用煎煮法提制得茶叶粗多糖CTPS-Ⅰ,用复合酶法提制得CTPS-Ⅱ,采用复合酶法从茶树鲜叶中提制得茶叶粗多糖CTPS-Ⅲ。测定了各茶叶粗多糖的糖含量和蛋白质含量。用HPGPC-ELSD法分析了各茶叶粗多糖中均一性组分分布及其质量比例,CTPS-Ⅰ,CTPS-Ⅱ和CTPS-Ⅲ各含有5,4和7种均一性组分;GC-MS法测得三种茶叶粗多糖均由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖六种单糖组成, 并分析了其摩尔比例;紫外-可见吸收光谱显示CTPS-Ⅰ在257 nm处有吸收峰, CTPS-Ⅱ在240～270 nm区段有一吸收肩峰, CTPS-Ⅲ在250～360 nm区段有微弱的“双波浪状”特征吸收, 并分析了其游离蛋白质和核酸的含量关系,红外光谱研究了茶叶粗多糖的糖类复合物的特征;圆二色谱分析表明三种茶叶粗多糖在水溶液中呈现不同的构象。