On the oscillatory modes of quarks in baryons

The color bond structure of a quark-antiquark system is extended, in the long-range approximation, self-consistently to the baryonic three-quark bond structure for SU(3)_c and generally to the N-quark bond structure for SU(N)_c. The universal (N-independent) mass square eigenvalues for massless quarks are

$\text{M}{}^2\text{=(H}{}_{\mathrm{N}}\text{)}{}^2\text{?2m}{}_{\mathrm{\rho }}{}^2\text{∑}\text{α=1}\text{3N?3}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}\text{+}\text{constant}\text{, ν}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}\text{=0,1,2,…}$

.     

Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD; Mesons as spin waves

The strong chiral symmetry breaking in Wilson's lattice version of QCD is discussed and interpreted as a necessary manifestation of the triangle anomaly. At strong coupling the effective hamiltonian acting in the s-wave hadron sector is found to describe a generalized antiferromagnet which is analyzed with the $\text{1}\text{2}\text{S}\text{(= 1/N, N = N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>color</mtext>}}\text{)}$ expansion known in the theory of magnetism. Mesons emerge as spin waves: pseudoscalars as Nambu-Goldstone bosons, vectors as “dormant” Goldstone bosons. Current and dynamical quark masses are identified, such that m_P² ∫ m(cur), m_v≈2[m(cur) + m(fyn)], and a fit to the particle spectrum gives m(dyn) = 390 MeV, m_u,d(cur) = 5.4 MeV, m_s(cur) = 140 MeV, m_c(cur) = 1.07 GeV. Static baryons emerge with a mass m_B = N[m(dyn) + m(cur)] + a contribution which is argued to vanish in the continuum limit. Vector and axial vector currents are defined on the lattice and studied at strong coupling. The relations $\text{1 =}\text{3}\text{5}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{γ}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{(f}{}_{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{/m}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{)(Z}{}_{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{/Z}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$, Z_π/Z_? = 3.0 are found to agree with experiment. The resolution of the U(1) problem at strong coupling is discussed.     

Isospin analysis of NN → NNπ reactions at 5.7 GeV/c

A cross-channel isospin analysis has been performed on the channels $\text{p}\text{N}\text{→}\text{N}\text{(}\text{N}\text{π)}\text{and}\text{p}\text{N}\text{→}\text{N}\text{(}\text{N}\text{π)}$ in terms of three isospin amplitudes $\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}{}^0\text{, M}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}{}^1$, and $\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}{}^1$ where the upper index is the isospin of the exchanged “object” in the t-channel and the lower index is the isospin of the $\text{(}\text{N}\text{π)}\text{or}\text{(}\text{N}\text{π)}$ system. Enhancements are observed in the low Nπ) invariant mass region for an $\text{I =}\text{1}\text{2}$ final state when the isospin of the exchanged object in cross channel is I_E = 0 and 1.     

Neutral pion production by weak neutral currents in neutrino and antineutrino reactions

A study is presented of single π^o production in neutrino and antineutrino interactions in Gargamelle filled with freon CF₃Br. Limits on the neutral to charged current cross-section ratios $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{v}}\text{=σ(v}\text{N}\text{→v}\text{N}\text{′π}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{)/2 σ(v}\text{N}\text{→ μ}{}^{\mathrm{-}}\text{N}\text{′π}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{)}$ and $\text{R}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext>}}\text{= σ(}\text{ν}\text{N}\text{→}\text{ν}\text{N}\text{′π}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{)/2 σ(}\text{ν}\text{N}\text{→ ω}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{N}\text{′π}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{)}$ are found to be $\text{0.10 < R}{}_{\mathrm{\nu }}\text{< 0.20}\text{and}\text{0.26 < R}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext>}}\text{< 0.44}$ at 68% confidence level.     

Measurement of the isospin amplitude ∣M012∣ in the reaction γn → ϱ0(pπ−) at 7.5 GeV

The cross-channel isospin amplitude $\text{∣M}{}_0{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{∣}$ is measured in the single reaction γn → ?⁰(pπ^?) at 7.5 GeV assuming the ?⁰ dominance model. A low-mass enhancement is found for $\text{∣M}{}_0{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{∣}{}^2$ in the range of m(pπ^?) of ～1.2 to ～1.7 GeV. The reaction strongly violates s-channel helicity conservation but is consistent with t-channel helicity conservation. The $\text{∣M}{}_0{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{∣}$ features are found to be very similar to those obtained in previous analyses of πp → π(Nπ) reactions.     

On the contribution of quantum electrodynamics to the anomally of the muon

Quantum electrodynamics contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are summarized using the latest available theoretical results. At sixth order they amount to $\text{(a}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{?a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{(6)}}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>QED</mtext>}}\text{=(21.73±0.16)(}\text{α}\text{π}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{3)}}$.     

Dynamical rescaling and universality of hadron structure functions

We argue that pion and nucleon structure functions differ principally due to their different numbers of quarks and different scales of confinement. The former generates an x rescaling while the latter, in QCD, gives rise to a Q² rescaling. Together these lead to the relation

with $\text{ξ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext><mtext>\pi </mtext>}}\text{? 0.16}$, for x values away from the end points. This relation is in good agreement with data.     

Energies and orbital sizes for some Rydberg and valence states of the nitrogen molecule

Accurate SCF computations are reported on the Rydberg states of N₂ of electron configurations $\text{---1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{2π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}$, $\text{---1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{3σ}{}_{\mathrm{u}}$, and ---3σ_g2π_g, also on the valence states of the configuration $\text{---1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{1π}{}_{\mathrm{g}}$. The Rydberg state calculations supplement those of Lefebvre-Brion and Moser. A comparison is made between the $\text{---1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{2π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}$ states and the parallel set of states of the $\text{1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{1π}{}_{\mathrm{g}}$ configuration. This comparison shows a sharp difference in the ¹Σ⁺ states of the two configurations, the ¹Σ⁺ state being very high in the latter but relatively low in the former configuration. Recknagel coefficients are given for the several states of the two configurations; as expected, these are much smaller for the $\text{1π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}{}^3\text{2π}{}_{\mathrm{u}}$ configuration. Also, the ¹Δ state is relatively lower for the latter configuration.     

Hadron masses and the sigma commutator in light of chiral perturbation theory

We analyze carefully the impact of non-analytic chiral corrections to the mass spectrum of the pseudoscalar meson octet J^P = 0^? and the baryon octet $\text{J}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>P</mtext>}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$. We find that the quark mass ratios must lie in the range $\text{21 ≤}\text{m}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}\text{m}\text{?}\text{≤ 32}$ and $\text{1.6 ≤}\text{m}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>d</mtext>}}\text{m}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>u</mtext>}}\text{≤ 2.2}$. We also calculate the analogous corrections to the pion-nucleon sigma commutator σ_πN. It turns out that the value σ_πN = 60 MeV is not compatible with the structure of the meson and baryon spectrum, unless the nucleon mass is smaller than 600 MeV in the chiral limit m_u = m_d = m_s = 0.     

The magnetic moment of the 22 μs isometric state in 38K

The g-factor of the $\text{τ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{=22 μ}\text{s}\text{, J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=(7}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{), T=0}$ isomeric state at 3.46 MeV in ³⁸K has been measured by the differential spin precession method with the ${}^{35}\text{Cl}\text{(α,}\text{n}\text{)}{}^{38}\text{K}$ reaction. The result of g=+0.548 (μ=+3.836± 0.014 n.m.) is consistent with a pure configuration.     

Coupling supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories to supergravity

We extend the technique of Cremmer et al. to couple arbitrary chiral multiplets with supersymmetric Yang-Mills interactions to N = 1 supergravity. We present the general form of the lagrangian and the detailed form of the scalar potential is spelled out. In the case of N chiral multiplets, “minimally” coupled to supergravity, we derive, in the absence of gauge interactions, a model-independent mass formula Supertrace $\text{M}{}^2\text{= Σ}{}_{\mathrm{J}}\text{(?)}{}^{\mathrm{2J}}\text{(2J + 1)m}{}_{\mathrm{J}}{}^2\text{= 2(N ? 1)m}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}{}^2$, where $\text{m}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ is the gravitino mass. A concrete example of the super Higgs effect involving N chiral multiplets is exhibited.     

Teopия acиммeтpии штaкoвcкиx пpoфилeй вoдopoдныx линий в плoтнoй плaзмe

The asymmetric Stark profile for spectral lines of hydrogen has been calculated in first approximation in terms of the expansion parameter $\text{n}{}^2\text{a}{}_0\text{R}{}_0$ [a₀=Bohr radius, n= principal quantum numberm $\text{R}{}_0\text{=(}\text{3}\text{4πN}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}$=mean distance between charged particles]. Additional terms, which determine the asymmetry, are expressed through the universal functions Λ(β) and χ(β), which are connected with the first moments of the components of the ion-electric field inhomogeneity tensor. Comparison is made with results based on a nearest neighbour approximation. It is shown that the shift of the symmetry centre of the profiles may be the ion-electric field inhomogeneity.     

An experimental study of the form factor in the decay K+ → πoe+ν

The q² variation of the factor $\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{(q}{}^2\text{)}$ in the decay K⁺→π⁰e⁺ν has been studied using a sample of even detected in the CERN 1.1 m³ heavy-liquid bubble chamber. The data are consistent with a linear development $\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{(q}{}^2\text{)=?}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{(0) (1+λ}{}_{\mathrm{+}}\text{q/m}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{)}$ with λ₊=0.027±0.008.     

α(Q2) corrections to particle multiplicity ratios in gluon and quark jets

The order $\text{α(Q}{}^2\text{)}$ correction to the particle multiplicity ratio in gluon and quark jets is calculated in QCD. We find

$\text{r=}\text{9}\text{4}\text{1?}\text{αC}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{2π}\text{1}\text{3}\text{+}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{3C}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}\text{?}\text{2N}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>F</mtext>}}\text{3C}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>A</mtext>}}$

with r=〈n〉_{gluon jet}/〈n〉_{quark jet}. The method used is systematic and could be used for an order α(Q²) calculation.     

Observation of interference between Iu=12 and Iu=32 baryon exchange amplitudes in 4 GeV/c backward inelastic scattering

Interference between the $\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>u</mtext>}}\text{=}\text{1}\text{2}$ and $\text{I}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>u</mtext>}}\text{=}\text{3}\text{2}$ baryon exchange amplitudes is observed in the reaction π^?p → pπ^?π⁰, with the proton produced forward with $\text{cos}\text{θ}{}_{\mathrm{p}}{}^1\text{>0.8}$. The Dalitz plot shows that the reaction is dominated by the quasi two body final states ρ^?p(δ exchange) and $\text{N}{}^{10}\text{(1670)π}{}^0\text{(}\text{N exchange}\text{)}$, with δ(1238), N¹(1520) and higher mass N¹'s also produced. The relative phase between the ρ and the N¹(1670) production amplitudes is measured to be 135° ± 10° and is compared with the Regge pole signature factor phase predictions.     

Extending the QCD leading logs up to reggeon field theory

The deep inelastic structure function D(ω, q²) is calculated in the leading log approximation for $\text{(}\text{Nβ}{}_2\text{π}{}^2\text{)α}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}\text{(q}{}_0{}^2\text{) 1}\text{n}\text{ω < 0.84 1}\text{n}\text{(}\text{1}\text{α}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}\text{(q}{}^2\text{))}$. For larger ω up to ( the influence of reggeon cuts proves to slow down the growth of the structure function. A reggeon diagram technique is developed, and D is calculated up to a pre-exponent O(1), leading to D(ω, q²) ∝ q² for $\text{(}\text{Nβ}{}_2\text{π}{}^2\text{)α}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}\text{(q}{}^2{}_0\text{) 1}\text{n}\text{ω ? 0.42}\text{α}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}\text{(q}{}_0{}^2\text{)}\text{α}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}{}^2\text{(q}{}^2\text{)}$. By assuming the reggeon diagrams when ω is still greater, one can expect to obtain a strong coupling behaviour: D(ω, q²) ∝ q²(ln ω)^η (η <2).     

Light composite fermions in a dynamical subquark model of pregauge interactions

The masses of composite leptons and quarks are discussed in a “dynamical subquark model of pregauge interactions”. In this model, the leptons and quarks are made of a spinor and scalar subquark with equal mass, M, and the gauge bosons and Higgs scalar of the SU(3)_c×SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y model are made of a subquark-antisubquark pair. The SU(2)_L×U(1)_Y symmetry is spontaneously broken by the composite Higgs scalar and the (scalar) subquark mass parameter is in turn bounded as $\text{M > 5.4}\text{TeV}\text{(=2π(}\text{2}\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>F</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{where}\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>F</mtext>}}$ is the Fermi coupling constant). The spontaneously generated mass of a lepton or quark, m_i⁽ⁿ⁾ (i = 1, 2; n = 1 ～ N_g), is calculated to be: $\text{m}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^{\mathrm{(n)}}\text{= r}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^{\mathrm{(n)}}\text{= r}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^{\mathrm{(n)}}\text{× (4+3N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>g</mtext>}}\text{)α}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e.m.</mtext>}}\text{(}\text{2}\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>F</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{/3}\text{6}\text{(=0.35r}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^{\mathrm{(n)}}\text{(4+3N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>g</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{GeV}\text{),}\text{where}\text{r}{}_{\mathrm{i}}{}^{\mathrm{(n)}}$ are the parameters satisfying that 0 ? r_i⁽ⁿ⁾ ? 1 and Σ (r_i⁽ⁿ⁾)² = 1;N_g is the total number of generations of the leptons and quarks; α_e.m. is the fine structure constant. The appearance of light composite fermions is related to a specific mechanism of generating global chiral symmetries of the leptons and quarks. Global symmetries of scalar subquarks yield chiral symmetries of the leptons and quarks. Our model turns out to satisfy 't Hooft's anomaly conditions on massless composite fermions.     

Observed and calculated interactions between valence states of the NO molecule

No perturbation between two valence states of NO has ever been identified, although many valence-Rydberg and several Rydberg-Rydberg perturbations have been extensively studied. The first valence-valence crossing to be experimentally documented for NO is reported here and occurs between the ¹⁵N¹⁸O B²Π (v = 18) and B′²Δ (v = 1) levels. No level shifts larger than the detection limit of 0.1 cm^?1 are observed at the crossings near $\text{J = 6.5 [B}{}^2\text{Π}\text{(F}{}_1\text{) ～ B′}{}^2\text{Δ}\text{(F}{}_2\text{)]}$ and $\text{J = 12.5 [B}{}^2\text{Π}\text{(F}{}_1\text{) ～ B′}{}^2\text{Δ}\text{(F}{}_1\text{)]}$; two crossings involving higher rotational levels could not be examined. Semi-empirical calculations of spin-orbit and Coriolis perturbation matrix elements indicate that although the electronic part of the $\text{B}{}^2\text{Π}\text{～ B′}{}^2\text{Δ}$ interaction is large, a small vibrational factor renders the ¹⁵N¹⁸O B (v = 18) ? B′ (v = 1) perturbation unobservable. Semi-empirical estimates are given for all perturbation matrix elements of the operators $\text{Σ}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{a}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{l}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{·s}{}_{\mathrm{i}}$ and $\text{B(L}{}_{\mathrm{\pm }}\text{S}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{? J}{}_{\mathrm{\pm }}\text{L}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}$ which connect states belonging to the configurations $\text{(σ2p)}{}^2\text{(π2p)}{}^4\text{(π}{}^1\text{2p)}$, $\text{(σ2p)(π2p)}{}^4\text{(π}{}^1\text{2p)}{}^2$, and $\text{(σ2p)}{}^2\text{(π2p)}{}^3\text{(π}{}^1\text{2p)}{}^2$.     

Features of diffractive scattering and the nature of the N1(1400) observed in NN→N(Nπ) reactions at 5.7 GeV/c

The results for the diffractive scattering contribution ($\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}{}^0$) obtained in a cross channel isospin analysis of the $\text{N}\text{N}\text{→}\text{N}\text{(}\text{N}\text{π)}$ reactions at 5.7 GeV/c are compared with those obtained for other ZN → Z′(Nπ) reactions where Z stands for N, π and the carbon nucleus. The dependence of the diffractive scattering on the mass M_πN and the momentum transfer t seems very weakly related to the nature of Z and the incident momentum.A comparison between amplitudes of the isospin exchange I_ex = 0 and I_ex = 1 leading to $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ production shows that $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(1492)}$ and $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(1670)}$ are produced essentialy through I_ex = 1.