朝阳1号聚碳酸酯记录~(238)U径迹的研究

本文研究了朝阳1号聚碳酸酯SSNTD记录~(238)U的特性。定出了~(238)U的实验射程。计算了~(238)U在此材料中的射程和限定能量损失率的能量关系。分析讨论了材料的响应范围及其对于重带电粒子的电荷分辨率和质量分辨率。     

Study on the formation of the composite system of 238U+238U

Strongly damped reactions of ²³⁸U+²³⁸U, at E_cm= 680—1880 MeV have been studied based on the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. We find that at a certain energy region the entrance channel potential is weakly repulsive and the dissipation is very strong after touching configuration, these two effects make the time delay of re-separation for colliding system. The single particle potential well of the transiently formed composite system has Coulomb barrier about 15—20 MeV high at the surface, which makes the excited unbound protons being still embedded in the potential well and moving in a common mono-single particle potential for a period of time and thus restrains from quick decay of the composite system.     

12C离子引起209Bi和238U裂变中质量分布的放射化学研究

在¹²C离子引起的²⁰⁹Bi和²³⁸U的裂变中,用放射化学方法分别测量了15个和17个裂变产物的产额.根据这些数据,用三种电荷分布假设计算了裂变碎片的质量分布.计算表明,等电荷位移假设得到的结果一般和裂变碎片高斯质量分布曲线拟合得最好.比较了²⁰⁹Bi(¹²C,f),²³⁸U(¹²C,f)以及我们较早测量得到的⁽197_Au(¹²C,f)的质量分布曲线,指出当裂变参数Z²/A>37时,质量分布宽度随Z²/A的增加而迅速增加.     

朝阳1号聚碳酸酯固体核径迹探测器的重离子标定

本文报告了对朝阳1号聚碳酸酯固体核径迹探测器进行重离子标定的实验方法, 给出了六种蚀刻条件下比蚀刻速度V与限定能量损失率REL的关系曲线及经验公式.     

稍高于库仑位垒的238U束引起跟随裂变反应中的壳效应

本实验测量了²³⁸U(5.4MeV/u)轰击⁴⁸Ca、⁴⁵Sc靶和²³⁸U(6.0MeV/u)轰击¹⁶O、⁴⁸Ca、⁴⁵Sc、⁴⁸Ti、⁵⁸Fe、⁶⁴Ni及⁸⁹Y靶等10个反应系统的三体碎片符合出射道. 得到了跟随裂变截面、总动能损失、碎片动能和质量分布以及碎片在第一质心与第二质心的角分布等. 实验用了4片200mm×300mm的双维位敏雪崩计数器, 给出了关联的空间位置信息与飞行时间. 三体事件用运动学直接求解, 其中识别裂变对碎片是基于该对之间相对速度为2.4cm/ns的事实. 探测几何效率用蒙特卡罗模拟计算来确定. 实验表明, 跟随裂变源于准弹性散射, 其截面σ_S.F较大对于²⁷Al靶, 为σ_S.F总截面的15%, 而⁸⁹Y靶为70%. 同时发现, 对于幻核靶, σ_S.F与索末费尔得参数之间有简单的线性关系.     

Measurement and analysis of the 238U(n, 2n) reactionrate in depleted uranium/polyethylene shells

In order to check the conceptual design of the subcritical blanket in a fusion-fission hybrid reactor, a depleted uranium/polyethylene simulation device with alternate shells has been established. The measurement of the ²³⁸U(n, 2n) reaction rate was carried out using an activation technique, by measuring the 208 keVγ rays emitted from ²³⁷U. The self-absorption of depleted uranium foils with different thicknesses was experimentally corrected. The distribution of the ²³⁸U(n, 2n) reaction rate at 90° to the incident D⁺ beam was obtained, with uncertainty between 5.3% and 6.0%. The experiment was analyzed using MCNP5 code with the ENDF/BVI library, and the calculated results are all about 5% higher than the measured results.     

16O(16O, 12C)20Ne α转移反应机制的研究

¹⁶O(¹⁶O, ¹²C)²⁰Ne反应微分截面中的振荡结构在核分子轨道理论框架下, 基于由共价道到离子道的α转移机制得到满意的解释.     

16O+24Mg和20Ne+24Mg弹性散射的机制

本文考虑了两碰撞核间核子结团的转移机制, 解释了象¹⁶O+²⁴Mg和²⁰Ne+²⁴Mg这样一些4N核间的弹性散射微分截面后角振荡上升的反常现象. 在原子核分子轨道模型的理论框架下, 将交换势的强度作为唯一的可调参数, 数值计算较自然地拟合实验结果.     

Calculation of prompt fission neutron spectra for 235U(n,f)

The prompt fission neutron spectra for the neutron-induced fission of ²³⁵U at E_n < 5 MeV are calculated using nuclear evaporation theory with a semi-empirical model, in which the nonconstant and constant temperatures related to the Fermi gas model are taken into account. The calculated prompt fission neutron spectra reproduce the experimental data well. For the n(thermal)+²³⁵U reaction, the average nuclear temperature of the fission fragment, and the probability distribution of the nuclear temperature, are discussed and compared with the Los Alamos model. The energy carried away by γ rays emitted from each fragment is also obtained and the results are in good agreement with the existing experimental data.     

790 MeV 136Xe轰击56Fe靶时产生的丰中子同位素54Ti,56V,57V,58Cr

用790MeV¹³⁶Xe轰击⁵⁶Fe靶,测量了类靶碎片的质量数和原子序数。探测且鉴定了四个丰中子同位素⁵⁴Ti,⁵⁶V,⁵⁷V,⁵⁸Cr。同时提供了⁵⁵Ti,⁵⁸V,⁵⁹Cr存在的可能性。使用西德重离子研究中心的磁谱仪和磁分析一起进行了飞行时间和ΔE-E测量,同位素鉴定是可靠的。     

12C+27Al深部非弹性散射研究

用△E-E 计数器望远镜鉴别反应产物,研究71.5兆电子伏的¹²C 离子在²⁷Al 靶子上的深部非弹性散射,得到了产物 B 和 Be 在质心系 E-θ平面的截面等高线图。由图可以看出准弹性散射和深部非弹性散射的一般特征。有两点值得特别指出:第一,从淮弹性峰到深部非弹性散射岭呈现某些精细结构.第二,完全阻尼部份的平均动能不等于终态库伦能.     

16O轰击27Al α粒子发射的研究

用ΔE-E半导体望远镜测量了84.5MeV及62.0MeV ¹⁶O轰击²⁷Al产生的α粒子, 得到了α粒子的发射能谱、角分布、E-θ平面上d²σ/dE﹒dΩ等高图及核温度随发射角的变化. 对产生α粒子的直接机制作了讨论.     

重离子引起的单质子转移反应40Ar(11B, 10Be)41K

测量了50MeV的¹¹B束在40Ar上的弹性散射角分布和单质子转移反应⁴⁰Ar(¹¹B, ¹⁰Be)⁴¹K的微分截面. 用光学模型拟合了弹性散射截面. 用包含反冲效应的精确有限程扭曲波玻恩近似(EFR-DWBA)分析了微分截面, 提取了谱因子.     

Level Schemes in Neutron-Rich 141Xe、152Ce、153Nd and 160Sm Nuclei

The level schemes of neutron-rich nuclei,¹⁴¹Xe、¹⁵²Ce、¹⁵³Nd and ¹⁶⁰Sm have been established for the first time through measuring the prompt γ-rays from spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf.The highest spin state is up to 16⁺.The collective band structures in these neutron-rich nuclei are discussed.     

12C+27Al,12C+209Bi和14N+Pb反应全熔合截面测量

本文叙述了用云母径迹探测器分别探测复合核蒸发余核和裂变碎片的实验,从而测出了¹²C+²⁷Al,¹²C+²⁰⁹Bi和¹⁴N+Pb反应的全熔合截面和激发函数.并用锐截止模型由全熔合截面导出了临界角动量.实验结果和当前有关的理论计算进行了比较,在实验误差范围内基本相符.     

156Er和158Er的带二

用VMI方法分析了¹⁵⁶Er和¹⁵⁸Er带二的成因.     

(EC/β+) Decay of 130Nd and 140Tb

Isotopes,¹³⁰Nd and ¹⁴⁰Tb were produced using enriched targets ⁹⁶Ru and ¹⁰⁶Cd, respectively,bombarded by ³⁶Ar ion beam. The two nuclides were identified and studied by a He-jet tape transport system in combination with "X-γ" and "γ-γ" coincidence measure- ments. The half-life of ¹³⁰Nd was determined to be (13±2)s. The EC/β⁺ decay scheme of 130Nd was proposed for the first time, and the spins and parties of the ground-state and observed low-lying states in the daughter nucleus ¹³⁰Pr were speculated tentatively. The previous simple EC/β⁺ decay scheme of ¹⁴⁰Tb was revised, and the spin-parity of its groundstate was assigned to be 7⁺.     

12C+27Al,40Ca耗散碰撞的扩散模型分析

在扩散模型的框架内, 用假定中间组合系统以一个统计的寿命衰变的方法分析了68MeV¹²C+²⁷Al和68.6MeV¹²C+⁴⁰Ca的耗散碰撞中产生的产物的三重微分截面d²σ/dZdEdθ的一般趋向. 导出了中间组合系统的半衰期及产生全阻尼深部非弹性产物的平均互作用半径. 简单地对计算的角分布及Wilczynski图与实验测量结果进行了比较, 讨论了产生二者之间的差异的可能原因.     

12C（d,d）12C及12C（d,p）13C反应机制的研究

本文用S矩阵理论给出:研究直接过程与复合共振过程相干机制的方法及计算公式;并用它分析了1.63MeVd<2.05MeV能区¹²C（d,d）¹²C、¹²C（d,p₁）¹³C^*及¹²C（d,p₂）¹³C^*反应的机制.结果表明:在此能区内,两种反应机制相干是存在的;并给出了他们之间的定量关系.同时还定出各种直接过程和复合共振过程参数,特别是确定了E_d=1.726,1.767,1.792及1.86MeV 4个共振态的参数.     

156Er和162Er的转排角动量

使用VMI模型计算¹⁵⁶Er和¹⁶²Er的转排角动量时, 发现一对核子拆对、转排时两核有不同性质的形状跃迁.