原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量方法改进

基于原子荧光光谱法测定铋元素时检出限低、测定结果稳定且准确等优点,研究原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量的方法。在标准系列中加入相近浓度的铜元素标准溶液,原子荧光光谱法测定铜合金中铋元素含量。称取0.1 g样品,加入10 mL硝酸溶解,10%硫脲-5%抗坏血酸溶液7.5 mL预处理样品。在20μg/L的铋标准溶液中加入6 mL浓度为1000μg/mL的铜元素标准溶液。结果表明:在0~20μg/L范围内,该方法线性关系良好,线性方程为I=138.1670c+43.8572,相关系数为0.9996,所测定的样品中铋元素含量的相对误差在-4.3%~7.7%之间,精密度在0.4%~4.7%之间。原子荧光光谱法可作为铜合金中铋元素含量测定的方法。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定纯铜中镉

用717阴离子交换树脂填充柱选择性吸附CdCl42-阴离子,以实现其与大量铜基体的分离。在标准溶液中匹配适当基体浓度并采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法,实现了铜/镉质量比为2000~50000的纯铜中痕量镉的测定。在基体铜的浓度为50mg/L的样品消化液中,镉的检出限为0.2μg/L;精密度为3.0%(n=7,3.0μg/L),镉浓度在1.0~25.0μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系。本法适用于纯铜中痕量镉的测定。     

双酶显色-紫外-可见分光光度法测定牛奶中组胺与腐胺的含量

建立了基于二胺氧化酶-辣根过氧化物酶双酶显色的紫外-可见分光光度法测定牛奶中组胺与腐胺含量的方法。取10 mL牛奶样品,加入10 mL 2%（质量分数）硝酸铅标准溶液,混匀,再加入20 mL 0.1%（质量分数）三氯乙酸标准溶液,混匀,离心,取上清液,将溶液pH调至7.2,得到待测样品溶液。移取1.0 g·L^-1二胺氧化酶标准溶液100μL,加入100μL待测样品溶液,于50℃水浴中反应15 min。反应结束后,依次加入1.0 g·L^-1辣根过氧化物酶标准溶液50μL,0.5 g·L^-1四甲基联苯胺标准溶液200μL和2 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液50μL,采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定体系的吸光度。结果显示：样品溶液由无色变为蓝色又变为黄色;组胺、腐胺的浓度分别在2.5～150μmol·L^-1和5～200μmol·L^-1内与其对应的吸光度呈线性关系,检出限（3S/N）分别为0.652 2μmol·L^-1和1.134 1μmol·L     

固相萃取膜富集-超声解吸-气相色谱法测定地下水中有机磷农药的含量

应用以苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物为吸附剂的固相萃取膜对地下水中6种有机磷农药(OPPs)进行富集。经解吸后所得解吸液直接用气相色谱法进行测定。取水样500mL,加入甲醇2.5mL,逐滴加入20%(体积分数)的盐酸溶液或200g·L~(-1)的氢氧化钠溶液调节水样的酸度至pH 6.0,将此溶液以100 mL·min~(-1)的流量流经SDB-XC固相萃取膜,取下膜片,折叠后置于10mL棕色小瓶中,加入丙酮2.0mL,硫酸钠约0.2g,盖紧瓶塞后于30℃条件下将膜片上吸附的6种OPPs超声解吸(7 min),使其溶于丙酮中。避光静置约5 min后,直接分取丙酮溶液0.50mL,用气相色谱法测定其中OPPs的含量,采用火焰光度检测器。结果表明:6种OPPs的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)均小于0.01μg·L~(-1)。以空白水样为基质,加入0.10μg·L~(-1)的OPPs的混合标准溶液,按上述方法进行7次平行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差在4.3%～7.6%之间。以3个实际样品为基体,分别加入3个浓度水平(0.050,0.10,0.70μg·L~(-1))的6种OPPs混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得6种OPPs的回收率均在76.0%以上。     

乌氏黏度计铜氨溶液法测定棉纤维的聚合度

采用铜氨溶液乌氏黏度计法测定棉纤维聚合度。聚合度在1 000以上时,纤维素在铜氨溶液的质量浓度为0.75~1.0 g/L;聚合度在1 000以下时,纤维素质量浓度为1.5 g/L。用棉纤维平衡样品制备纤维素铜氨溶液,将铜氨溶液加入到0.5 mol/L的硫酸标准溶液中,过量的硫酸以甲基橙为指示剂,用1 mol/L氢氧化钠标准溶液滴定,测定铜氨溶液中NH4+浓度,然后计算棉纤维的平均聚合度。在选定条件下,测量结果的相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=4)。该方法检测速度快,测定结果稳定,可用于测定棉纤维聚合度。     

离子选择电极-流动注射分析法测定铜阳极板中银

本文应用自制的TT-Ag分析仪,建立了铜阳极板中银的离子选择电极-流动注射分析方法。该方法提高了测定速度和分析精度,降低了电位漂移等因素造成的影响。对于铜精练过程中考查银的走向起到了炉前分析的作用。仪器及试剂 Ag-ISE流通测量池、四通道蠕动泵、载流采样器,定时程序控制器、温度控制器、0-10mA记录仪、智能化双高阻离子浓度-毫伏汁(自制)。银标准溶液0.1-1000μg/mL Ag,其中并含有10mg/mL Cu。载流液0.2mol/L KNO_3,并用HNO_3(1+2)调节pH2。经实验选定的最佳工作条件为:最佳pH范围1-4,载流液流速5mL/min,采样体积300μL、响应时间60s。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定钢铁及合金中的铜

建立了火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定钢铁及合金中铜含量的方法,对仪器的工作条件如灯电流、狭缝宽度、空气和乙炔流量进行了探讨。铜的质量浓度在0.00～10.00μg/mL内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为A=0.0318c 0.0005,相关系数r=1.0000,检出限为0.005μg/mL。标准样品测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD≤0.44%(n=6)。     

ICP-AES法测定硼硅酸盐玻璃中的常量及微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法,对硼硅酸盐玻璃中的常量元素Si、Ca、Al、B及微量元素Fe、Ti、Mg进行测定。在优化的工作条件下,各元素的检出限:SiO20.026μg/mL,Ca0.0002μg/mL,Al0.028μg/mL,B0.005μg/mL,Mg0.0002μg/mL,Fe0.006μg/mL,Ti0.005μg/mL。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.02%~1.47%之间,加入标准溶液的回收率为93.0%~103.2%。采用该方法对硼硅酸盐玻璃标准样品进行测定,测定值与标准值一致。     

凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟草中3种抑芽剂残留

建立了用凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱分析烟草中3种抑芽剂残留的方法。卷烟中的待测抑芽剂组分用V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环己烷)=1∶1超声提取后通过凝胶渗透色谱净化;凝胶色谱柱为Biobeads S-X3玻璃柱(50 g,400 mm×25 mm),流动相为V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环己烷)=1∶1溶液,流速5 mL/min;收集第10~25 min流出的液体用液相色谱色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪测定。在0.5~100 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内,各种抑芽剂标准溶液的线性相关系数均大于0.99。在样品中添加3种抑芽剂(添加水平为5,20,100μg/kg)的混合标准溶液,平均回收率在86.2%~108.4%之间,3种抑芽剂的RSD在1.1%~7.5%之间;方法的检测限在0.01~0.06μg/kg之间。     

磁性竹炭为吸附剂的分散基质固相萃取分离-高效液相色谱法测定水中双酚S的含量

用稀硝酸将水样(100.0 mL)的p H调整至4,加入2.5 g氯化钠和自制的磁性竹炭30 mg,旋涡振荡8 min,使双酚S吸附于磁性竹炭,丢弃水相,加入甲醇0.5 mL旋涡振荡2 min,使双酚S解吸并溶于甲醇中。所得溶液以Spherigel C18色谱柱为固定相,以乙腈(55+45)溶液为流动相进行高效液相色谱分离和紫外检测。双酚S的质量浓度在0.1~20μg·L-1内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.05μg·L-1。按上述方法测定1.0μg·L-1双酚S标准溶液7次,其测定值的相对标准偏差为5.6%。按标准加入法进行回收试验2次,回收率分别为88.7%,90.6%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.