硅胶自环己烷中吸附环己酮和苯甲酸

用经不同温度处理的亲水硅胶(表面总羟基浓度不同)和甲基化硅胶(只含有缔合羟基或不同表面浓度的自由羟基的硅胶)为吸附剂, 测定了自环己烷中吸附环己酮和苯甲酸的等温线, 以及几种硅胶样品的红外光谱图, 探讨了表面自由羟基和缔合羟基在溶液吸附中的作用.     

Adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution onto pumice powder

The adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet on pumice powder samples of varying compositions was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time, were also investigated. The extent of dye removal increased with decreased initial concentration of the dye and also increased with increased contact time and amount of adsorbent used. Adsorption data were modeled using the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetic of methylene blue and crystal violet could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model.     

Adsorption from binary solvent mixtures onto silica gel by HPLC frontal analysis

Summary The chromatographic technique of frontal analysis is applied to measuring adsorption from binary liquid mixtures by silica gel. The complete adsorption isotherm of a solvent mixture is obtained by measuring the break-through curves for a series of small concentration steps of the mobile phase. This method offers a direct way to determine the composition of the stationary phase in liquid-solid chromatography with mixed mobile phases. The surface excess isotherms of all binary systems formed by benzene, cyclohexane, and 1,2-dichloroethane, at the solution-silica gel interface at 25 °C are presented. The data of the three systems are shown to be thermodynamically mutually consistent.     

Adsorption of Congo red from aqueous solution onto calcium-rich fly ash

The adsorption of Congo red from solution was carried out using calcium-rich fly ash with different contact times, concentrations, temperatures, and pHs. While the amount of dye adsorbed per unit weight of fly ash increases with increasing concentration and temperature, it decreases slightly with increasing pH. The adsorption was between 93 and 98% under the conditions studied. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It was also determined that the adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. From thermodynamic studies, it was seen that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption studies suggested that desorption was 29.18% in the presence of 0.1 N HCl and was 47.21% in the presence of CH(3)COOH (50% v/v). This indicated that most of the dye was held by fly ash via chemisorption as well as ion exchange. Furthermore, FTIR study also shows that a chemisorption process occurs between CR and fly ash, probably indicating dye/fly ash complexing.     

Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution onto zeolites Y modified by silylation

The present work consists in studying the adsorption of phenol onto zeolites Y modified by silylation, in order to increase their hydrophobic character. The operation was carried out by chemical liquid deposition with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). Study of the effect of certain parameters like initial concentration, pH and ionic strength were conducted. Experimental data were fitted by the models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Raduskevich calculated by non-linear regression. Results obtained show that the adsorption of phenol on samples is very fast and supported at acidic values of pH. We also found that phenol uptake increases with Si/Al ratio and modification by silylation improves the percentage of adsorption by approximately 30%.     

Adsorption equilibrium and heat of phenol onto aminated polymeric resins from aqueous solution

Aminated polystyrene resins (NDA-101 and NDA-103) were synthesized, and their adsorption performances for phenol in aqueous solution were investigated and compared with the commercial polystyrene resin (Amberlite XAD-4) and weakly basic polystyrene resin (Amberlite IRA-96). All the associated adsorption isotherms are well described by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The results indicated that all the four resins spontaneously adsorb phenol driven mainly by enthalpy change, and their adsorption capacities, free energy changes, enthalpy changes, and entropy changes for phenol followed the same order as: NDA-101 > NDA-103 > XAD-4 > IRA-96. Surface energy heterogeneity analysis by Do's model also suggested that the surfaces of XAD-4 and IRA-96 were more homogeneous, and the better adsorption capacity and affinity of the aminated resins (NDA-101 and NDA-103) are probably due to their multiple hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions with phenol molecule.     

Adsorption of roxarsone from aqueous solution by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Molecularly imprinted particle for bisphenol A (BPA-MIP) was prepared using the surface molecular imprinting technique with a sol-gel process on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The dosages of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a functional monomer and teraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a cross-linker were optimized, respectively. The prepared BPA-MIP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a standard Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) analysis. Moreover, the proper binding and selective recognition ability were also investigated by a single batch binding experiment. The equilibrium data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir model for BPA binding onto BPA-MIP, respectively. The saturate binding capacity of BPA-MIP was found to be 30.26 μmol g(-1), which was three times higher than that of BPA non-molecular imprinted particle (BPA-NIP). The satisfactory results demonstrated that the obtained BPA-MIP showed an appreciable binding specificity toward BPA than similar structural compounds in water phase. The BPA-MIP could serve as an efficient selective material for determining or removing BPA from water environment.     

Diethylenetriamine functionalized silica gel for adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution and seawater

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The diethylenetriamine (DETA) organic moiety was anchored covalently on the surface of silica gel to obtain a surface-modified adsorbent...     

Adsorption of polyethylene glycol (PEG) from aqueous solution onto hydrophobic zeolite

In the present study, a hydrophobic zeolite was used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in water solution and electroplating solution at 25 degrees C. The adsorption capacities were determined through the adsorption isotherms in a thermostated shaker. The rate of adsorption, on the other hand, was investigated in a batch adsorber under controlled process parameters such as initial PEG concentration (30, 70, 110, 150, 200, and 300 mg x dm(-3)), agitation speed (200, 800, and 1000 rpm), and adsorbent particle size (0.72, 1.44, and 2.03 mm). A batch kinetic model, according to a pseudo-second-order mechanism, has been tested to predict the rate constant of adsorption, equilibrium adsorption capacity, time of half-adsorption, and equilibrium concentration by the fitting of the experimental data. The results of the adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies show that the adsorption process can well be described with the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the pseudo-second-order equation, respectively. Comparing the values of adsorption parameters of PEG in water solution and electroplating solution, there are no significant differences. In addition, the effective diffusion coefficient of the PEG molecule in the microporous adsorbent has been estimated at about 3.20 x 10(-8) cm(2)s(-1) based on the restrictive diffusion model.     

Adsorption of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A novel chitosan-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite (CCP) adsorbent was specifically fabricated using a dip-padding method for removal of toxic...     

Comparison of the adsorption of cationic diblock copolymer micelles from aqueous solution onto mica and silica

The similarities and differences in the adsorption behavior of diblock poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (XqPDMA-PDEA, where X refers to a mean degree of quaternization of the PDMA of either 0, 10, 50, or 100 mol%) copolymers at the mica/ and silica/aqueous solution interfaces have been investigated. These diblock copolymers form core-shell micelles with the PDEA chains located in the cores and the more hydrophilic PDMA chains forming the cationic micelle coronas at pH 9. These micelles adsorb strongly onto both mica and silica due to electrostatic interactions. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) has demonstrated that the mean spacing and the dimension of the adsorbed micelles depend on both the substrate and the mean degree of quaternization of the PDMA blocks. In particular, the morphology of the adsorbed nonquaternized 0qPDMA-PDEA copolymer micelles is clearly influenced by the substrate type: these micelles form a disordered layer on silica, while much more close-packed, highly ordered layers are obtained on mica. The key reasons for this difference are suggested to be the ease of lateral rearrangement for the copolymer micelles attached to the solid substrates and the relative rates of relaxation of the coronal PDMA chains.     

活性炭自水溶液中吸附酚的热力学与机理研究

研究了水溶液中活性炭分别吸附苯酚、邻甲酚过程热力学与机理, 测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线。结果表明, 常温下稀溶液中, 苯酚以垂直与平伏混杂取向被吸附, 高浓度时则以垂直取向为主。邻甲酚以平伏聚向被吸附且取向几乎不受浓度变化的影响, 但受温度的影响, 55~60℃时, 吸附情况与苯酚相似。体系的热力学与吸附机理关系密切。垂直吸附的熵变较小, 平伏吸附的熵较大。对产生上述现象的原因, 本文进行了分析讨论, 并由此阐明了其它固-液吸附体系中的一些问题。     

Adsorption of UO2 2+ from aqueous solution onto copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride

The copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride resin (PSt/MA) was synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by means of FTIR. It is shown that the PSt/MA copolymer has rather strong coordination ability to UO₂ ²⁺ ions by chelation with the carboxylate group, and the microstructures of the U(VI)-PSt/MA complexes can be well controlled. The influence factors on UO₂ ²⁺ ions were also investigated and described in detail, such as contact time, solid/liquid ratio, pH value, ethanol content, and initial concentration. It was found that the maximum adsorption quantity of UO₂ ²⁺ was 831 mg/g. Experiments show that PSt/MA can recover UO₂ ²⁺ ions with high adsorption selectively from a simulated industry solution containing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ as impurities. The adsorption kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that the chemical adsorption was the rate-limiting step. And there are very good correlation coefficients of linearized equations for Langmuir model, which indicated that the sorption isotherm of the PSt/MA for UO₂ ²⁺ can be fitted to the Langmuir model. After five times of repeated tests for the hydrogel it still remained its excellent adsorption.     

Adsorption of strontium from aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from textile sewage sludges

Different types of activated carbons were prepared by changing the activation temperatures (400–700 °C) and impregnation ratio (sewage sludge: KOH; 1:1, 1:2) and the removal of Sr⁺² from aqueous solution was determined. The maximum adsorption yield (12.11 mg/g) was obtained at 500 °C for 1 h carbonization conditions with impregnation ratio of 1:1. The affecting parameters were analyzed by using central composite design method. The selected parameters were initial pH, temperature, initial strontium concentration and carbon dosage. The analysis of variance was performed in 95% confidence level and checked to fitting of experimental value and predicted value. The significant F was P < 0.05 with a model F value of 19.94 which revealed that this regression is statistically significant. The results of regression analysis indicated that pH and temperature parameters were not individually statistically significant for Sr⁺²sorption. However, the efficiency of strontium sorption increases with the increase in carbon dosage and decreases with the Sr⁺² concentration. Influences of initial pH and temperature, pH and Sr⁺² concentration, temperature and carbon dosage and Sr⁺² concentration and carbon dosage on the adsorption process were considered statistically significant. Adsorption of strontium was described by Freundlich isotherm as a physical adsorption (E = 7.2 kJ/mol). The adsorption reactions were calculated as endothermic, spontaneous and favorable reactions.     

Adsorption of CTAB onto perlite samples from aqueous solutions

In this study, the adsorption properties of unexpanded and expanded perlite samples in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions were investigated as a function of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. It was found that the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorbed onto unexpanded perlite was greater than that onto expanded perlite. For both perlite samples, the sorption capacity increased with increasing ionic strength and pH and decreasing temperature. Experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and it was found that the experimental data were correlated reasonably well by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the isotherm parameters (KF and n) were also calculated. The adsorption enthalpy was determined from experimental data at different temperatures. Results have shown that the interaction between the perlite surface and CTAB is a physical interaction, and the adsorption process is an exothermic one.     

Adsorption of valeric acid from aqueous solution onto activated carbons: role of surface basic sites

Adsorption of valeric acid was studied on two activated carbons of different origins, wood and bituminous coal. The effect of oxidation on the adsorption uptake was investigated. Both initial samples were oxidized with nitric acid, which caused the introduction of a significant number of oxygen-containing groups onto the carbon surface. Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, thermal analysis, and sorption of nitrogen were used for detailed surface characterization. Valeric acid adsorption from aqueous solution was measured at 333 K. The calculated isotherms showed a good fitting to the Freundlich equation. The capacity coefficients revealed a direct correlation with the number of basic groups present on the surface. The amount of valeric acid adsorbed at its low concentration is dependent on the number of basic groups, whereas at high concentration the amount adsorbed depends on the volume of micropores smaller than 10 A, where the adsorption potential is the strongest.