保健物理学简介

核科学和核技术的应用与当今社会生存和可持续发展密切相关,保健物理学是保障核科学技术在社会各领域得以安全应用的综合性学科.文章对保健物理学这一涉及多领域的交叉学科进行了概括性的介绍,对其涉及到的领域,学科主要内容及学科特点等作了简单描述.希冀文章有助于大家对这一学科的认识和了解.     

Introduction to neutrino physics

A synopsis of lectures is presented which were delivered by the author in 2010 at the Baikal summer school on physics of elementary particles and astrophysics. The lectures are primarily intended for students, postgraduates, and young researchers as an introductory course on neutrino physics.     

Introduction to the physics of saturation

We present a brief introduction to the physics of parton saturation/Color Glass Condensate (CGC).     

Introduction to spin physics in semiconductors

This lecture presents a brief survey of spin physics in semiconductors together with the historic roots of the recent activity in investigating spin-related phenomena.     

Introduction to the physics of nucleation

In this introductory article, I review the theory of nucleation by thermal activation and by quantum tunneling. The effect of heterogeneous nucleation at surfaces is discussed and a brief survey of experimental techniques is given. To cite this article: H.J. Maris, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).     

Introduction to the physics of Brownian motors

A detailed introduction to directed transport in Brownian motors occurring in spatially periodic systems far from equilibrium is presented. We elucidate the prominent physical concepts and novel phenomena with a representative dissipative Brownian motor dynamics. Its main ingredient is a thermal noise with time-dependent temperature modulations that drive the system out of thermal equilibrium in a spatially asymmetric (ratchet-) potential. Yet, this asymmetric setup does not exhibit a concomitant obvious bias into one or the other direction of motion. Symmetry conditions for the appearance (or not) of directed current, its reversal upon variation of certain parameters, and various other generic features and applications are discussed. In addition, we provide a systematic classification scheme for Brownian motor models and review historical landmark contributions to the field. Received: 9 November 2001 / Accepted: 14 January 2002 / Published online: 22 April 2002     

Introduction: Cardiovascular physics

The number of patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases increases unproportionally high with the increase of the human population and aging, leading to very high expenses in the public health system. Therefore, the challenge of cardiovascular physics is to develop high-sophisticated methods which are able to, on the one hand, supplement and replace expensive medical devices and, on the other hand, improve the medical diagnostics with decreasing the patient's risk. Cardiovascular physics-which interconnects medicine, physics, biology, engineering, and mathematics-is based on interdisciplinary collaboration of specialists from the above scientific fields and attempts to gain deeper insights into pathophysiology and treatment options. This paper summarizes advances in cardiovascular physics with emphasis on a workshop held in Bad Honnef, Germany, in May 2005. The meeting attracted an interdisciplinary audience and led to a number of papers covering the main research fields of cardiovascular physics, including data analysis, modeling, and medical application. The variety of problems addressed by this issue underlines the complexity of the cardiovascular system. It could be demonstrated in this Focus Issue, that data analyses and modeling methods from cardiovascular physics have the ability to lead to significant improvements in different medical fields. Consequently, this Focus Issue of Chaos is a status report that may invite all interested readers to join the community and find competent discussion and cooperation partners.     

2017年诺贝尔物理学奖解读

文章简单解读了2017年诺贝尔物理学奖,获奖者的主要贡献,目前观测到的几个引力波事件,美国LIGO项目的简单历史,以及引力波观测对基础物理、宇宙学和天体物理的科学意义。     

Introduction to the overall physics design of CSNS accelerators

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based facility. The accelerator of CSNS consists of a low energy linac, a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The overall physics design of CSNS accelerator is described, including the design principle, the choice of the main parameters and design of each part of accelerators. The key problems of the physics design, such as beam loss and control, are also discussed. The interface between the different parts of accelerator, as well as between accelerator and target, are introduced.