在化学生物学实验中开设小班式创新实验的尝试

以化学专业大四本科生为研究对象,尝试在化学生物学创新实验课程中开设小班式创新实验,从实验内容、教学方法等方面设计创新实验,培养学生综合运用大学前3年所学的基本知识和基本实验技能,提高学生的综合能力和创新意识。     

英国大学的化学实验教学

化学实验在英国的大学化学教学里是培养近代化学家的一个重要环节,有十分重要的地位。许多大学每年都平行开设无机化学、有机化学和物理化学三个方面的实验课程,分析化学的内容则贯串在这三门实验课程之中;也有一些学校只开设一门化学实验课程,但内容经过精心安排,使学生通过实验在无机、有机、分析和物理化学四个方面都受到系统和全面的     

线上线下混合式-六环节实验教学实践与探索——以化学生物学实验"基于生物正交反应的蛋白质标记"为例

化学生物学综合实验是针对化学生物学专业高年级本科生开设的一门衔接本科-硕士教学的综合性实验课程。本文以“基于生物正交反应的蛋白质标记”科研融合型实验为例,结合化学生物学学科特点,将实验教学内容模块化,探索设计线上线下混合式-六环节教学方式,应用于本科生综合实验教学。经实践取得良好的教学效果,为综合型实验课程教学提供了参考与借鉴。     

德国后期中等教育完全中学化学课程及化学考试标准述评

德国后期中等教育完全中学开设的各科课程与大学入学资格考试紧密相关,因为学生各科学习成绩与大学入学资格考试成绩的总和决定其能否进入大学继续深造。化学课程在平时学习和大学入学资格考试中都十分重要。这里首先分别对德国后期中等教育完全中学化学课程和大学入学资格考试化学考试标准进行了概述和梳理,然后着眼我国高中化学新课程改革的基本思路,就其各自的特点进行分析和总结。     

大物理化学课程教学体系的形成和改革实践

1 国内外物理化学课程结构现状 物理化学是大学化学类专业的一门重要基础课.按照国内大学化学系传统的课程体系编排,一般先讲授无机化学、有机化学和分析化学等描述性内容较多的化学课程,在此基础上,以物理化学和结构化学作为各种化学现象的理论总结,放在高年级开设.最初,物理化学课程包括化学热力学、化学动力学、电化学等内容,后来又增加了统计热力学.结构化学则包括量子力学基础、原子分子结构和化学键理论、晶体结构等,后来又补充了分子光谱等微观结构测定的原理和方法.在具体处理上,物理化学和结构化学作为两门独立的课程开设,一般先开设物理化学,后开设结构化学.两门课程的内容互相独立,彼此之间没有明显的联系,任课教师各自授课,很少相互通气、交流和整合教学内容.     

计算化学新课程体系的构建

阐述开设计算化学课程的总体思想,以及该课程在培养研究型创新人才中的作用,介绍了计算化学课程教学实践的具体内容,探讨计算化学课程课堂教学与科学研究相结合的教学模式,总结实践经验,提出课程教学改革的一些思考。     

关于开设"化学热点研究领域知识"课程的探讨

本文阐述了中学化学教师在目前的继续教育中开设“化学热点研究领域知识”这门课程的必要性和迫切性，并对开设这门课程的知识结构作了一些探讨。     

英国大学化学系课程结构与教学

一、课程结构一个学校的课程结构与其培养目标有密切的联系,英国大学化学系的培养目标是培养科学研究人才,因此他们设置的专业是一级学科的化学专业,这样可以使学生知识面广、基础扎实。近年来科学发展迅速,学科相互渗透,出现新兴的学科,为此在英国的大学里还提倡学生选学其它系的课程。大学化学系为主修化学的学生开设统一的化学课程,包括课堂讲授,     

“化学生物学”课程调查及对教学的几点思考

以华中师范大学2015年首次开设"化学生物学"课程为切入点,针对2013级应用化学专业和化学生物学英才班开展了课前调查,并进行了统计分析。调查结果显示,学生对于该课程的认识普遍存在学习动机缺失、学习被动、学习目标单一和评价方式不科学等问题。随后,针对以上现状,提出了引入生动的教学方式、培养学生主动的学习习惯,以及启发学生批判性的思维模式等对策,取得了良好的教学效果。     

开设“有机合成”专业课的点滴体会

有机合成化学既是一门古老的学科,又是一门具有青春活力并获得蓬勃发展的学科。特别是近二十年来,有机合成化学发展极为迅速,新理论、新反应不断涌现,新试剂、新技术不断采用,有机合成化学正处于日新月异、一日千里的新时代。目前在我国“有机合成”已成为综合性大学化学系有机专业的主要专业课,许多师范院校也陆续开设了这门课程。如何开设好这门课程已成为许多从事有机合成教学的同志们最关心的问题。因此本人打算把我们开设有机合成课的点滴体会汇报如下,供同志们参考。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Conferences in Chemistry Held in 2022

Russian Chemical Bulletin -