应用量子理论方法研究中子双缝衍射

通过严格求解薛定谔方程得到狭缝中的中子波函数,由基尔霍夫定律得到中子衍射波函数.最后得到中子双缝相对衍射强度与衍射图样位置之间的解析关系.计算所得结果与实验数据符合较好. 关键词： 中子衍射 薛定谔方程 基尔霍夫定律     

用量子理论方法研究C60双缝衍射

目前,已有大量的实验和理论对各种粒子的衍射现象进行了深入的研究.我们用量子理论新方法研究C60分子的双缝衍射,从薛定谔方程和基尔霍夫定律出发求得到C60分子的双缝衍射波函数,与实验数据比较我们发现:在考虑C60分子的双缝衍射中退相干机制对衍射图样的影响后所得的结果与实验符合较好.     

光纤中飞秒孤子传输的量子理论

导出了光孤子系统的微观哈密顿量,用所给哈密顿量及色散关系导出了飞秒孤子在光纤中传输所满足的修正非线性薛定谔方程,用Hartree近似方法求解了所得方程,并研究了孤子的量子特征及经典过渡。结果表明,光纤中光场算符的量子力学平均为一系列有修正项的经典孤子的叠加,光场算符的准概率密度呈自压缩效应,压缩效果与高阶项的大小有关。 关键词：     

色散吸收非对称介质光腔中光场的量子理论

利用格林函数方法对色散吸收介质中的电磁场量子化,研究了由色散吸收介质构成的非对称介质光腔中光场的量子理论,并分析了非对称性对光腔量子性质、工作性能等的影响.     

光折变多量子阱光学寻址空间光调制器的理论分析

利用瞬态二维输运模型,给出了半绝缘多量子阱光学寻址空间光调制器在纵向场几何的理论分析.建立了空间电荷场分量的偏微分方程和边值方程,并通过数值方法进行了求解.在推导方程中考虑了双极、各向异性输运和带边共振激发等因素.结果表明,在小光栅间距下横向场显著影响体电荷的分布,体电荷的分布效应又强烈影响器件的分辨率和时间响应. 关键词：     

界面附近光剥离过程中的量子经典对应

研究了氢负离子在弹性墙附近的光剥离过程，导出了剥离截面的解析公式。此截面为光滑背景项与一正弦振荡项之和，后者与离子与弹性墙的距离有关。分析了光剥离电离的经典动力学及其量子对应。在本模型中，半经典光剥离截面与量子结果一致。     

量子理论的伟大奠基者——普朗克

  德国物理学家马克斯•普朗克(Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, 1858~1947) 在解决经典物理学的困难——黑体辐射问题时,提出能量子假说,引入了一个常数h,并因此荣膺1918年的诺贝尔物理学奖。     

基于压缩光的量子精密测量

对任何物理量的测量都有一定的噪声, 经典测量所能达到的最小噪声一般称为散粒噪声, 对应着测量的标准量子极限. 利用压缩光可以突破标准量子极限, 从而提高测量精度. 本文介绍了压缩态光场用于突破标准量子极限的基本原理, 以及压缩态光场在相位测量、光学横向小位移及倾斜测量、磁场测量以及时钟同步等精密测量领域的应用和最新进展.     

基于单腔光力学系统的连续变量量子导引研究

量子导引相较于其他量子纠缠类型的优势在于它具有天然的不对称性,可以实现单向、且一方设备不依赖的量子任务。本文研究了特殊条件下,即力学振子的频率刚好是腔的自由光谱区的一半时,由单泵浦的光力学系统中产生的三组份量子导引特性。研究结果表明：力学模对两个光模的导引要强于光模对力学模的导引,联合导引的能力要大于单个导引的能力,且通过调节失谐量或温度可以实现力学模和光模之间的单向导引和双向导引之间的转换。该研究对于实现更安全的量子通信和构建多频率系统混合的量子网络具有一定的参考价值。     

双缝衍射缺级处两弱峰的相对光强分析与测量

本文分析和测量了双缝衍射缺级处附近两个弱峰的相对光强,并与计算机数值计算得到的理论值对比表明：理论描述与实验情景是相符合的。     

光场衍射的量子理论

用量子理论推导的平面孔衍射积分，和现有的衍射理论完全一致。光子衍射的观点可以帮助了解光的衍射本质，衰减波是不确定性原理的要求。     

Nonlinear Theory of Quantum Brownian Motion

A nonlinear theory of quantum Brownian motion in classical environment is developed based on a thermodynamically enhanced nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The latter is transformed via the Madelung transformation into a nonlinear quantum Smoluchowski-like equation, which is proven to reproduce key results from the quantum and classical physics. The application of the theory to a free quantum Brownian particle results in a nonlinear dependence of the position dispersion on time, being quantum generalization of the Einstein law of Brownian motion. It is shown that the time of decoherence from quantum to classical diffusion is proportional to the square of the thermal de Broglie wavelength divided by the classical Einstein diffusion constant.     

基于不规则衍射理论的冰晶粒子的光散射研究(英文)

在不规则衍射理论的基础上,分析了从可见光到近红外波段冰晶粒子的光散射特性。计算了粒子尺度为20μm,50μm,80μm的五种典型冰晶粒子的消光效率因子和吸收效率因子。最后,为了评估不规则衍射理论的精确性,与有限时域差分法和几何光学法进行了比较。     

Quantum cellular automaton theory of light

We present a quantum theory of light based on the recent derivation of Weyl and Dirac quantum fields from general principles ruling the interactions of a countable set of abstract quantum systems, without using space–time and mechanics (D’Ariano and Perinotti, 2014). In a Planckian interpretation of the discreteness, the usual quantum field theory corresponds to the so-called relativistic regime of small wave-vectors. Within the present framework the photon is a composite particle made of an entangled pair of free Weyl Fermions, and the usual Bosonic statistics is recovered in the low photon density limit, whereas the Maxwell equations describe the relativistic regime. We derive the main phenomenological features of the theory in the ultra-relativistic regime, consisting in a dispersive propagation in vacuum, and in the occurrence of a small longitudinal polarization, along with a saturation effect originated by the Fermionic nature of the photon. We then discuss whether all these effects can be experimentally tested, and observe that only the dispersive effects are accessible to the current technology via observations of gamma-ray bursts.     

Quantum computation in algebraic number theory: Hallgren’s efficient quantum algorithm for solving Pell’s equation

Pell’s equation is x²−dy²=1, where d is a square-free integer and we seek positive integer solutions x,y>0. Let (x₀,y₀) be the smallest solution (i.e., having smallest ). Lagrange showed that every solution can easily be constructed from A so given d it suffices to compute A. It is known that A can be exponentially large in d so just to write down A we need exponential time in the input size . Hence we introduce the regulator R=lnA and ask for the value of R to n decimal places. The best known classical algorithm has sub-exponential running time . Hallgren’s quantum algorithm gives the result in polynomial time with probability . The idea of the algorithm falls into two parts: using the formalism of algebraic number theory we convert the problem of solving Pell’s equation into the problem of determining R as the period of a function on the real numbers. Then we generalise the quantum Fourier transform period finding algorithm to work in this situation of an irrational period on the (not finitely generated) abelian group of real numbers. This paper is intended to be accessible to a reader having no prior acquaintance with algebraic number theory; we give a self-contained account of all the necessary concepts and we give elementary proofs of all the results needed. Then we go on to describe Hallgren’s generalisation of the quantum period finding algorithm, which provides the efficient computational solution of Pell’s equation in the above sense.     

标量衍射理论的非傍轴近似及其有效性

当光束束腰（或衍射孔孔径）可与波长相比拟或光束具有较大的发散角时,傍轴近似不再成立.在标量瑞利.索末菲衍射积分的基础上,进一步研究了衍射场的非傍轴近似解,并详细分析了解的有效性.以平面波圆孔衍射为例,对衍射场的精确解、非傍轴近似解以及菲涅耳近似解进行了详细的数值计算和比较研究.结果表明,非傍轴近似对微小孔衍射非常精确、有效.     

基于N个有序纠缠光子对的量子机密共享方案

提出了一种基于N个有序纠缠光子对量子机密共享方案.用纠缠光子作为信息的载体,密钥管理者Alice将纠缠光子对分成两个序列,其中一个序列直接发送给合作者之一Bob,在确保第一个序列发送安全后,再对第二个序列进行编码,发送给另一个合作者Charlie.Bob和Charlie分别对他们所接收到的光子序列进行Bell基联合测量,从而得到Alice所发布的密钥,完整密钥的获得需要管理者和所有合作者共同实现.本方案采用两体纠缠态,相对三体纠缠态来说,在实验上更容易实现,仅需要线性光学元件和简单的纠缠源.     

A Kinetic Theory Approach to Quantum Gravity

We describe a kinetic theory approach to quantum gravity by which we mean a theory of the microscopic structure of space-time, not a theory obtained by quantizing general relativity. A figurative conception of this program is like building a ladder with two knotty poles: quantum matter field on the right and space-time on the left. Each rung connecting the corresponding knots represents a distinct level of structure. The lowest rung is hydrodynamics and general relativity; the next rung is semiclassical gravity, with the expectation value of quantum fields acting as source in the semiclassical Einstein equation. We recall how ideas from the statistical mechanics of interacting quantum fields helped us identify the existence of noise in the matter field and its effect on metric fluctuations, leading to the establishment of the third rung: stochastic gravity, described by the Einstein–Langevin equation. Our pathway from stochastic to quantum gravity is via the correlation hierarchy of noise and induced metric fluctuations. Three essential tasks beckon: (1) deduce the correlations of metric fluctuations from correlation noise in the matter field; (2) reconstituting quantum coherence—this is the reverse of decoherence—from these correlation functions; and (3) use the Boltzmann–Langevin equations to identify distinct collective variables depicting recognizable metastable structures in the kinetic and hydrodynamic regimes of quantum matter fields and how they demand of their corresponding space-time counterparts. This will give us a hierarchy of generalized stochastic equations—call them the Boltzmann–Einstein hierarchy of quantum gravity—for each level of space-time structure, from the the macroscopic (general relativity) through the mesoscopic (stochastic gravity) to the microscopic (quantum gravity).     

基于N个有序纠缠光子对的量子机密共享方案

提出了一种基于N个有序纠缠光子对量子机密共享方案.用纠缠光子作为信息的载体,密钥管理者Alice将纠缠光子对分成两个序列,其中一个序列直接发送给合作者之一Bob,在确保第一个序列发送安全后,再对第二个序列进行编码,发送给另一个合作者Charlie.Bob和Charlie分别对他们所接收到的光子序列进行Bell基联合测量...