用量子理论方法研究C60双缝衍射

目前,已有大量的实验和理论对各种粒子的衍射现象进行了深入的研究.我们用量子理论新方法研究C60分子的双缝衍射,从薛定谔方程和基尔霍夫定律出发求得到C60分子的双缝衍射波函数,与实验数据比较我们发现:在考虑C60分子的双缝衍射中退相干机制对衍射图样的影响后所得的结果与实验符合较好.     

应用量子理论方法研究中子双缝衍射

通过严格求解薛定谔方程得到狭缝中的中子波函数,由基尔霍夫定律得到中子衍射波函数.最后得到中子双缝相对衍射强度与衍射图样位置之间的解析关系.计算所得结果与实验数据符合较好. 关键词： 中子衍射 薛定谔方程 基尔霍夫定律     

多缝衍射的计算机模拟与演示

利用一个多缝衍射模型模拟光和微观粒子的干涉衍射现象。该模型可演示光的双干涉、ｎ缝衍射及色散现象;也可演示微观粒子的单、双缝衍射,物质波的概率特性及粒子从量行为到经典行为的过渡。     

双缝衍射现象的实验研究

双缝衍射是指被单缝衍射调制的双缝干涉现象. 以定性分析双缝衍射光强分布为基础,对双缝衍射实验过程中出现的各级明条纹中心的光强并不相等,且包络内中间光强并不是最大的现象作了深入分析和研究,并指出这些现象出现的原因.     

菲涅尔多缝衍射的数值计算

本文直接由菲涅尔一基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,通过数值积分的方法,计算菲涅尔单缝、双缝以及多缝衍射的光强分布,绘制出其相应的光强分布曲线.同时给出了计算菲涅尔多缝衍射的光振动分布的具体表达式.研究结果对于理解菲涅尔衍射现象具有重要的理论参考意义.     

耦合量子点中空穴基态反键态特性研究

本文采用六带K·P理论计算了耦合量子点在不同耦合距离下空穴基态特性, 探讨了轻重空穴及轨道自旋相互作用对耦合量子点空穴基态反成键态特性的影响. 在考虑多带耦合的情况下, 耦合量子点随着耦合强度的变化, 价带基态能级和激发态能级发生反交叉现象. 同时, 随着耦合距离的增加, 量子点基态轻重空穴波函数的比重发生变化,导致量子点空穴基态波函数从成键态反转成为反成键态. 同时研究发现, 因空穴基态及激发态波函数特性的转变, 电子、空穴的基态及激发态波函数的叠加强度发生的明显变化. 关键词： 耦合量子点 反键态 多带理论 自旋轨道耦合     

微波分光仪上双缝干涉实验中参数的选取

双缝干涉和双缝衍射其本质都是相干波的迭加,干涉和衍射没有严格的固定分界线。实验中为充分体现双缝干涉特征及规律,应恰当地选择和设定实验参数,并对双缝干涉的实验结果与杨氏双缝干涉及双缝衍射的结果进行对比讨论     

从双缝实验看干涉和衍射的本质

以双缝为例,从装置图、实验照片和光强度分布入手,讨论了双缝干涉与双缝衍射的区别和联系,从而较深入地探讨了光波干涉与衍射的本质.     

量子力学波粒二象性以及纠缠现象的一个实验验证

对不相符实验进行深度挖掘,以不可辩驳的实验结果深入浅出地解释了量子力学最基本的波粒二象性现象、波函数的叠加原理及量子纠缠现象,体现了量子物理学与经典物理学一样,具有实证性,而不仅仅是由推理和假设构建成的纯理论体系.     

等腰直角三角形的二维量子谱和经典轨道

本文研究了等腰直角三角形中基于其波函数和能级结构的二维量子谱．虽然这个量子台球系统的本征态是无法分离的,但是关于两个变量的问题是完全可解的．通过对二维量子系统的波函数做相应的傅里叶变换,得到了系统的二维量子谱,把得到的结果和经典的二维量子台球轨道做相应性的对比发现：傅里叶变换的量子谱的峰值位置和经典轨道的长度之间存在着很好的对应关系,这说明经典计算的结果和量子计算的结果符合得非常好,从而进一步验证了周期轨道理论的正确性．     

Chaotic dephasing in a double-slit scattering experiment

We design a computational experiment in which a quantum particle tunnels into a billiard of variable shape and scatters out of it through a double-slit opening on the billiard's base. The interference patterns produced by the scattered probability currents for a range of energies are investigated in relation to the billiard's geometry which is connected to its classical integrability. Four billiards with hierarchical integrability levels are considered: integrable, pseudointegrable, weak-mixing, and strongly chaotic. In agreement with the earlier result by Casati and Prosen [Phys. Rev. A 72, 032111 (2005)], we find the billiard's integrability to have a crucial influence on the properties of the interference patterns. In the integrable case, most experiment outcomes are found to be consistent with the constructive interference occurring in the usual double-slit experiment. In contrast to this, nonintegrable billiards typically display asymmetric interference patterns of smaller visibility characterized by weakly correlated wave function values at the two slits. Our findings indicate an intrinsic connection between the classical integrability and the quantum dephasing, which is responsible for the destruction of interference.     

Aharonov-Bohm effect revisited

The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect shows that electromagnetic potentials can influence an electron in a field-free region. The single-slit and double-slit electron diffraction patterns are explicitly calculated here by the Feynman path integral method for different configurations of the magnetic field in order to compare the effect of the vector potential with the effect of the magnetic field. When an electron passes through a magnetic field behind the slits, the whole diffrection pattern is shifted due to the Lorentz force. When an electron passes through two slits with magnetic flux confined to a small cylinder between them, the double-slit diffraction pattern is shifted within the single-slit diffraction envelope. The asymmetric diffraction pattern corresponds to a nonzero average displacement and momentum of the electron even though the field exerts no force on the electron. This behavior can be understood on the basis of a quantum-mechanical interference effect. The classical limit of the electron diffraction patterns is taken to obtain the classical particle distributions. The effect of the potential vanishes in the classical limit, while the effect of the magnetic field persists because of the Lorentz force.     

折射率调制深度误差对切趾啁啾光纤光栅特性的影响

从耦合模方程出发,用一种矩阵方法分析了折射率调制深度误差对切趾啁啾布拉格光纤光栅传输特性的影响。结果表明:折射率调制深度误差的分布频率越高,光栅传输特性受到的危害越小;误差平均幅值越高,光栅传输特性的劣化程度越大。因此,在光栅的制作过程中,应注意避免和减小高幅值误差,并注意减少低空间频率分布的误差。     

矢量衍射理论在光盘中的应用

衍射计算是设计光盘光学系统的基础。只读光盘信息符（ 坑点） 尺寸可以和波长相比拟或在更小时标量衍射理论不再适用。本文将光盘信息符抽象成二维光栅,应用耦合波理论导出了当用平面波检测光盘时衍射波场的计算公式,得到了衍射强度 坑深曲线,并提出了临界坑深的概念。分析表明,临界坑深随着信息符横向尺寸的变小而变小,这将导致衍射波光强变化的减小,从而限制了光盘的存储密度。本文还分析了检测平面波的偏振态对衍射波强度的影响     

Aquantitative assessment of stochastic electrodynamics with spin (SEDS): Physical principles and novel applications

Stochastic electrodynamics (SED) without spin, denoted as pure SED, has been discussed and seriously considered in the literature for several decades because it accounts for important aspects of quantum mechanics (QM). SED is based on the introduction of the nonrenormalized, electromagnetic stochastic zero-point field (ZPF), but neglects the Lorentz force due to the radiation random magnetic field Br. In addition to that rather basic limitation, other drawbacks remain, as well: i) SED fails when there are nonlinear forces; ii) it is not possible to derive the Schrödinger equation in general; iii) it predicts broad spectra for rarefied gases instead of the observed narrow spectral lines; iv) it does not explain double-slit electron diffraction patterns. We show in this short review that all of those drawbacks, and mainly the first most basic one, can be overcome in principle by introducing spin into stochastic electrodynamics (SEDS). Moreover, this modification of the theory also explains four observed effects that are otherwise so far unexplainable by QED, i.e., 1) the physical origin of the ZPF, and its natural upper cutoff; 2) an anomaly in experimental studies of the neutrino rest mass; 3) the origin and quantitative treatment of 1/f noise; and 4) the high-energy tail (～ 10²¹ eV) of cosmic rays. We review the theoretical and experimental situation regarding these things and go on to propose a double-slit electron diffraction experiment that is aimed at discriminating between QM and SEDS. We show that, in the context of this experiment, for the case of an electron beam focused on just one of the slits, no interference pattern due to the other slit is predicted by QM, while this is not the case for SEDS. A second experiment that could discriminate between QED and SEDS regards a transversely large electron beam including both slits obtained in an insulating wall, where the ZPF is reduced but not vanished. The interference pattern according to SEDS should be somewhat modified with respect to QED’s.     

微小颗粒的光散射数值模拟

简单介绍了以经典Mie理论为基础的光散射测量技术在颗粒直径和颗粒浓度测量中广泛的应用。分别以Mie理论和离散偶极子近似理论(DDA)为基础, 用数值计算方法分析了球型颗粒的光散射特性，给出了微小颗粒对平行入射光散射的强度函数和散射偏振度的数值计算方法。得到了强度函数和偏振度随相关物理参量变化的三维图，为微小颗粒散射研究提供了一种三维视图。计算结果表明：当尺度参量x＜4时，2种方法所得结果差异不大；随尺度参量增大，2种方法所得结果出现较大差异。与经典Mie理论相比，由于离散偶极子近似理论可以解决各种形状的颗粒散射问题，其应用前景更广泛。     

相位恢复算法在量子关联衍射成像中的应用研究

随着研究工作的逐步深入,目前已经利用经典热光源实现了关联衍射成像,使得该技术有望在X射线以及中子衍射成像等方面得到广泛应用。在实验利用非相干光得到物体无透镜傅里叶变换频谱的基础上,采用误差消除与输入输出恢复算法,并结合过采样理论,实现了实验所用物体透射率函数的恢复。分别得到了纯振幅物体的振幅分布函数与纯相位物体的相位分布函数。此外,还讨论了实验所得傅里叶变换频谱的噪声等因素对图像恢复结果的影响。     

Double-slit experiment and Bogoliubov’s causality principle

In the Bogoliubov approach the causality principle is the basic constructive element of quantum field theory. At the same time, this principle has obvious classical interpretation. On the other hand, it is well-known Feynman statement that the double-slit experiment is “impossible, absolutely impossible to explain in classical way, and has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. We describe how taking into account of infrared singularities allows to give quite evident interpretation to double-slit experiment. And this interpretation agrees with the Bogoliubov’s causality principle.