离子交换法分离固相合成胸腺五肽

采用离子交换法分离纯化,对影响分离的多种因素包括吸附动力学、pH值、缓冲液和树脂的种类进行了深入讨论.结果发现,采用SP sepharose FF树脂、pH 4.4的醋酸缓冲液分离效果较好,经过方案优化,在pH 4.4醋酸缓冲液平衡、盐梯度洗脱条件下纯化TP5,HPLC和质谱分析表明,一步分离纯度可达98%以上.该法可以满足大规模制备的要求.     

蛋白质、凝胶电泳及其分析应用

蛋白质是重要的生物高分子，具有催化、传输、运动、防御和调节等重要生理功能，其分离、纯化和表征对理解和利用它们在生命过程中的作用具有重大理论意义和实际价值。凝胶电泳是蛋白质测定中应用最广泛和最强有力的工具。本文讨论凝胶电泳方法及其在蛋白质分析方面的新进展。首先介绍蛋白质的性质和功能，然后讨论蛋白质试样制备方法，最后评述各种凝胶电泳分离技术及其在蛋白质分离、纯化和表征等方面的应用。     

色谱法分离纯化富勒烯的研究进展

富勒烯是近年来研究较多的碳笼结构高分子化合物,基分离、纯化是影响该研究领域进展的关键因素。色谱法是目前分离富勒烯的重要手段,本文概述了该法在富勒烯分离、纯化中的应用,着重讨论了高效液相色谱固定相的发展。     

高效阳离子交换法分离纯化蛋清中的溶菌酶

 建立了用高效阳离子交换分离纯化蛋清中溶菌酶的新方法 ,讨论了纯化的工艺条件。蛋清样品匀浆后 ,用氯化钠初步纯化 ,然后用弱阳离子交换柱XIDACE WCX分离。结果表明 ,被纯化的溶菌酶和杂蛋白得到很好分离。经活性检测 ,溶菌酶过柱后的活性回收率为 10 7% ,蛋白的比活为 15 4 6 7U/mg ,纯化倍数提高了 5 6倍。用尺寸排阻 (SEC)鉴定 ,得到的溶菌酶呈均一性。该法较传统软基质低压离子交换分离速度快 ,纯化效率高。     

一步法和两步法毛细管等电聚焦测定蛋白质和多肽等电点的比较

利用一步法和两步法毛细管等电聚焦(cIEF)方法分离测定了蛋白质和多肽的等电点(pI)。讨论了两步法等电聚焦过程所需的溶液组成、样品进样体积、聚焦电压、聚焦时间和分离条件等因素对分离效果的影响。并对一步法和两步法进行了比较。对细胞色素C、血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、转铁蛋白和牛血清白蛋白以及6种多肽的分析结果表明:一步法步骤简单,分离速度快,可测定单一组分的pI,也能快速分离混合蛋白和多肽,但分离度较差,且不能同时准确测定各组分的pI;两步法步骤复杂,分析时间较长,但能够同时分离并准确测定混合样品中各组分的pI,所测的pI值与单一组分进行测定的结果基本一致。两种方法可相互结合、互为补充,可广泛应用于两性生物微粒等电点的快速和准确测定。     

胰凝乳蛋白酶显色底物的合成及动力学

胰凝乳蛋白酶是一类重要的蛋白水解酶,在其纯化及应用时常常需要进行酶活性的测定;现在一般应用的底物存在溶解度不好、不稳定、灵敏度低或需要特殊的仪器等问题。本文设计合成了一类以对硝基苯胺为显色基团的底物,通过动力学测定研究了氨基酸结构对专一性的影响,该类显色底物可以较好地用于胰凝乳蛋白酶活性测定。     

稀土分离纯化技术研究现状

随着科学技术不断进步,在工业应用中对单一稀土纯度的要求越来越高,高效分离纯化稀土元素是充分利用稀土资源的保障。由于绿色环保意识和要求的增强,对稀土分离纯化工艺技术提出了新的挑战。在几十年生产应用中,分离纯化稀土元素的技术方法不断完善改进,文章综述了分级结晶和沉淀法、化学气相传输法、离子交换法、萃取树脂色层法、溶剂萃取法、液膜法和氧化还原法在稀土分离纯化中的应用现状,并对比分析了不同方法存在的优势和弊端。在此基础上,阐述了溶剂萃取法中中性萃取剂、酸性萃取剂、胺类萃取剂和离子液体萃取剂的发展应用现状,同时探讨了络合剂和协同体系对分离稀土性能的影响。并展望了未来稀土分离纯化技术研究的发展方向,为更加绿化高效开发利用稀土资源提供借鉴。     

蛋白质,凝胶电泳及其分析应用

蛋白质是重要的生物高分子，具有催化、传输、运动、防御和调节等重要生理功能，其分离、纯化和表征对理解和利用它们在生命过程中的作用具有重大理论意义和实际价值。凝胶电泳是蛋白质测定占应用最广泛和最强有力的工具。本文讨论凝胶电圾其在蛋白质分析方面的新进展。首先介绍蛋白质的性质和功能，然后讨论蛋白质试样制备方法，最后评述各种凝胶电泳分离技术及其在蛋白质人离，纯化和表征等方面的应用。     

液相组合化学

综述了液相组合化学的研究进展，重点介绍了液相组合合成中的分离纯化方法和合成方法策略，基本分离纯化方法包括利用固相载体协助分离纯化法，相萃取分离纯化法和色谱法，主要合成方法策略有平行合成策略和索引合成策略。     

HPLC法分析烟叶中的β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苯乙醇苷

结合制备型HPLC分离纯化技术和分析型HPLC分析测定技术,建立一种直接分析测定烟叶中β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苯乙醇苷的新方法.在超声波辅助条件下,用甲醇-水溶液萃取烟叶中的β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苯乙醇苷,并优化了萃取条件;萃取液中的β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苯乙醇苷用制备型HPLC进行分离纯化,并用分析型HPLC对其含量进行测定.结果...     

Strain Screening, Fermentation, Separation, and Encapsulation for Production of Nattokinase Functional Food

This study presents a novel and integrated preparation technology for nattokinase functional food, including strain screening, fermentation, separation, and encapsulation. To rapidly screen a nattokinase-productive strain, PCR-based screening method was combined with fibrinolytic activity-based method, and a high productive strain, Bacillus subtilis LSSE-22, was isolated from Chinese soybean paste. Reduction of poly-??-glutamic acid (??-PGA) concentration may contribute to separation of nattokinase and reduction of late-onset anaphylaxis risk. Chickpeas were confirmed as the favorable substrate for enhancement of nattokinase production and reduction of ??-PGA yield. Using cracked chickpeas, the nattokinase activity reached 356.25?±?17.18?FU/g (dry weight), which is much higher than previous reports. To further reduce ??-PGA concentration, ethanol fractional extraction and precipitation were applied for separation of nattokinase. By extraction with 50?% and precipitation with 75?% ethanol solution, 4,000.58?±?192.98?FU/g of nattokinase powders were obtained, and the activity recovery reached 89?±?1?%, while ??-PGA recovery was reduced to 21?±?2?%. To improve the nattokinase stability at acidic pH condition, the nattokinase powders were encapsulated, and then coated with methacrylic acid?Cethyl acrylate copolymer. After encapsulation, the nattokinase was protected from being denatured under various acid conditions, and pH-responsible controlled release at simulated intestinal fluid was realized.     

纤维素酶的二步分离纯化新工艺

 以普通定性滤纸为底物 ,经碱处理后 ,研究其对纤维素酶的亲和吸附作用。结果表明 ,普通定性滤纸对纤维素酶具有比较强的特异性吸附作用 ,能够从粗酶液中分离出纤维素酶 ,再经POROS 2 0HQ阴离子交换柱纯化后即可得到电泳纯的纤维素酶。该法大大简化了传统的纤维素酶纯化工艺 ,所得的纤维素酶活力极高 ,比活达 35 0U/mg以上 ,滤纸一步吸附后纤维素酶的纯化倍数为 9 5 5 ,活性回收率在 10 %左右。纯化后的纤维素酶为内切 β 葡聚糖酶 ,相对分子质量为 6 0 0 0 0 ,最佳 pH为 4 0 ,最佳温度为 70℃。     

Rapid and quantitative separation of nicotinamide and its N1-methylated metabolite by Dowex AG50-X4 chromatography.

The use of column chromatography with Dowex AG50-X4 resin has allowed the quantitative separation of nicotinamide from its primary metabolite, N1-methylnicotinamide. Although the sensitivity is similar to earlier high-performance liquid chromatographic methods, this procedure allows multiple assays to be carried out simultaneously in a matter of minutes. This method should be useful to study nicotinamide methyltransferase activity in either whole cells or extracts, and is particularly well suited to screen column fractions for enzyme purification purposes.     

三步柱色谱法从江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化类凝血酶

建立了一种用CM Sepharose CL-6B阳离子交换、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换和Sephadex G-75凝胶排阻三步柱色谱从江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化类凝血酶的方法。在实验室小柱分离方案的基础上,对该纯化工艺进行了放大。当上样量达实验室小柱的25倍时,所得类凝血酶的质量指标与实验室小柱基本一致。采用该法所得的蝮蛇类凝血酶经Shim-pack Diol-300高效凝胶排阻柱测得其相对分子质量约为33500,用Shim-pack VP-ODS反相色谱柱检测其纯度约为96%。从江浙粗蛇毒中提取类凝血酶时,类凝血酶的总质量收率约为0.3%,总活性收率约为64%,比活可达2000 U/mg。     

基于毛细管电泳的天然产物中酶抑制剂筛选研究进展

人类疾病的发生往往与体内各种酶的功能失调密切相关,因此酶一直是目前新药研发的重要靶标。天然产物是发现新药的宝贵资源,但是由于成分复杂,活性筛选一直受制于耗时费力的分离纯化过程。毛细管电泳（CE）技术由于具有样品和试剂消耗少、灵活多样的分离模式且不受样品基质干扰的特点,可以直接从粗提物开始筛选活性成分,在复杂样品活性筛选中显示出独特的优势。该文综述了近十年来CE在天然产物中酶抑制剂筛选的研究进展。其中重点介绍了CE应用于重要药物靶标,包括转移酶（激酶）、水解酶以及氧化还原酶等方面的应用,总结了用于酶抑制剂筛选的电泳分离模式和酶动力学研究,并展望了CE用于天然产物中活性成分筛选的应用前景。     

Liquid chromatography purification and study of uridilylpolynucleotide-(5′P→O)-tyrosine phosphodiesterase

Summary LC has been used as a tool for studying uridilylpolynucleotide-(5′P→O)-phosphodiesterase—an enzyme which hydrolyses specifically the phosphodiester bond between picarnaviral RNA and viral protein VPg. According to various chromatographic data, the enzyme forms two types of complex with nucleic acids: weak ones which dissociate in 200 mM KCl, and others which are stable at concentrations up to 900 mM KCl. 2.5-3-fold (preparative) or 6-fold (normal scale) purification of the enzyme was obtained by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Cation-exchange separation (4-fold purification) was found to be more suitable as the second enzyme purification step than the earlier anionexchange method used. Three forms of enzyme activity were discovered by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on the enzyme preparation obtained by SEC. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996     

Characterization of bacterial L-(-)-tyrosine decarboxylase by isoelectric focusing and gel chromatography.

The purification of L-(-)-tyrosine apodecarboxylase (TAD) (E.C. 4.1.1.25), obtained from extracts of cells of Streptococcus faecalis, has been investigated by means of preparative isoelectric focusing, molecular sieve chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated two separate fractions possessing enzyme activity that had pI values of 4.5 and ca. 3.2. In the chromatographic methods, however, the activity was obtained in a single peak. It was found that hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose was particularly suitable for purification purposes. The enzyme is very firmly bound to octyl-Sepharose CL-4B but retains most of its activity even in the bound state.     

Isolation and purification of bacterial proteinases by means of autofocusing.

Autofocusing was used for the isolation and purification of neutral and alkaline proteinases from fermentation broth, after separation of cells. The yield of proteinases achieved was 19-78%, and was inversely proportional to the degree of purification, which varied from 3.0 to 7.9. Because of considerable losses of enzyme activity and the long duration of the process, autofocusing seems to be a non-economic technique for industrial isolation of relatively cheap enzymes.     

Protein Separation and Enzyme Purification by Preparative Capillary Isotachophoresis

The use of preparative capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), operating in a discontinuous fractionation mode, for separation and fast purification of the enzyme uridine diphosphate galactopyranose mutase (UGM) from the cell extract of Escherichia coli overproducing the recombinant enzyme is presented in this feasibility study. UGM is required to produce galactofuranose for the cell wall biosynthesis of many pathogenic microorganisms and represents a very attractive candidate for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. CITP separations were carried out under slightly alkaline pH conditions (8.7), in which UGM enzyme is negatively charged. Significantly simplified proteinous matrix isolated in several fractions by employed preparative CITP procedure with the aid of properly selected discrete spacers was subsequently confirmed by SDS PAGE with Coomassie staining. It was shown that preparative CITP is very effective tool for fast purification of the target enzyme from other proteinous matrix constituents when purification and isolation step lasted 20 min. The enzymatic activity of UGM was confirmed in the sample after the preparative CITP purification step, which is a crucial requirement for further biochemical applications.     

Large-scale purification of Leuconostoc mesenteriodes NRRL B512F dextransucrase for use in the biosynthesis of dextran by batch and continuous chromatography

The extracellular enzyme dextransucrase was produced from Leuconostoc mesenteriodes NRRL B512F and purified by ultracentrifugation and cross-flow ultrafiltration for use in the biosynthesis of the macromolecule dextran by ion exchange chromatographic reaction—separation techniques. The two-stage purification process yielded over 90% pure dextransucrase with overall enzyme recovery of over 60%. A second stage of centrifugation was required to achieve complete cell removal. The purified enzyme contained 1–2 g l⁻¹ of solute ions, which affected the operation of the chromatographic system. Gel filtration removed over 93% of the remaining ions but resulted in high activity losses. Two-phase separation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and purification by ion exchange chromatography were less successful in desalting the enzyme. PEG precipitation was successful in concentrating the enzyme, but the ions remained predominantly with the enzyme portion of the two phases. The purified enzyme was found to be unstable during storage.Use of the enzyme in chromatographic reactor—separators for the production of dextran resulted in over 33% more high molecular weight dextran (the desired product) and a useful pure fructose byproduct being obtained than for a conventional reactor. Sodium and potassium ions in the enzyme hampered continuous operation by displacing calcium ions from the resin and thus reducing the separation efficiency of the system. Partial regeneration of the resin with calcium nitrate rather than complete enzyme desalting, which was very expensive and resulted in high activity losses, helped overcome this effect.