苯丙水溶胶的合成与性能研究(II) 水溶胶的转化及其流变性能

用一次投料法、半连续滴加法和单体预乳化法3种聚合工艺，合成了苯丙乳液聚合物，并加氨微细化，转化成水溶胶，研究了水溶胶的氨化反应对乳胶粒子大小及微观形成的影响。并考察了水溶胶的流变性能。     

金属离子络合交联丙烯酸酯共聚物无皂水溶胶涂料 Ⅰ.丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成和表征

金属离子络合交联丙烯酸酯共聚物无皂水溶胶涂料Ⅰ．丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成和表征杨立群谢志明李卓美＊（中山大学高分子研究所广州５１０２７５）关键词交联丙烯酸酯共聚物，无皂水溶胶，水性涂料，合成１９９７－０６－１６收稿，１９９８－０１－０８修回广州市科委科技...     

苯丙水溶胶的合成与性能研究(I) 聚合工艺和反应组分对聚合稳定性和胶体性能的影响

用一次投料法、半连续滴加法和单体预乳化法三种聚合工艺，合成了苯丙乳液聚合物，并加氨微细化，转化成水溶胶，考察了聚合工艺和反应组分（乳化剂，功能单体等）对苯丙乳液及其水溶胶反应稳定性和粒子大小及分布等胶体性能的影响。     

丙烯酸酯共聚物无皂水溶胶流变性能的研究

合成了不含均聚物的丙烯酸酯四元共聚物(MMA/BA/AA/HEMA)。用GPC测定了共聚物的分子量及分子量分布。将共聚物中的羧基中和后制成无皂水溶胶。研究了水溶胶的流变性、表观粘度与剪切速率关系、表观粘度与固含量关系。所得无皂水溶胶涂料具有较优异的性能。     

二氧化钛纳米材料及其能源应用

简要介绍了二氧化钛纳米材料的合成、性质、改性及其在能源方面的应用.其中合成方法包括溶胶凝胶、水/溶剂热、氧化、沉积和超声/微波助合成法:性质包括结构和热力学以及电学和光学性质;改性包括掺杂和敏化;应用包括光催化、光伏打和光解水.     

聚合物对还原法合成Pt纳米粒子过程的影响

用H_2还原K_2PtCl_4溶液的方法在常温下合成了Pt纳米粒子，考察了poly(N- isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPA), poly(N-vinylacetamide)(PNVA)和poly (vinylalcohol)(PVA)等三种可溶于水的聚合物对Pt纳米粒子大小和溶胶稳定性的 影响。TEM和溶胶中加入KCl电解质溶液后溶胶稳定性测定结果表明，以PNIPA为稳 定剂可获得粒径最小的Pt粒子，且溶胶最为稳定。较高的PNIPA/Pt~(2+)摩尔比对 合成小颗粒的Pt纳米粒子有利，而聚合物的分子量对粒子影响不大。Pt晶粒在H_2 气氛下生长过程较为缓慢，停止通入还原气体H_26h后，晶粒生长才基本完成，但 溶胶在6个月后仍保持良好的稳定性。     

溶胶－凝胶化学与无机/有机杂化高聚物材料的合成

溶胶－凝胶过程是合成无机固体材料的一种常用手段，但将其应用到合成聚合物新材料上则是一种新型的方法。本文介绍了溶胶－凝胶过程在合成无机／有机杂化聚合物中的应用，并讨论了采用这种方法所得到的材料的性能。     

丙烯酸酯共聚物无皂水溶胶稳定性的研究

用溶液聚合法合成了四种AA含量不同的丙烯酸酯共聚物(MMA/BA/HEMA/AA)，通过中和AA使共聚物带有—COO~-能起自乳化作用分散于水中而成为无皂水溶胶．TEM观察表明水溶胶粒子呈球状，单分散性好，粒径随AA含量增加而变小，在30～90 nm范围．用电导滴定法测定水溶胶粒子中—COOH和—COO~-的分布，表明绝大部分—COO~-处于粒子表面，并且随AA含量增加，粒子表面的—COO~-增多，Zeta电位增大，这是导致水溶胶的抗电解质稳定性(以C.C.C.值反映)和贮存稳定性(以表现粘度反映)随AA含量增加而提高的主要原因。     

锆螯合物交联丙烯酸酯共聚物无皂水溶胶的研究Ⅱ锆螯合物与丙烯酸酯三元共聚物无皂水溶胶的交联反应

研究了三元丙炮酸酯共聚物（MMA／BA／AA）无皂水溶液中加入三乙醇胺锆螯合物对水溶胶及涂膜性能的影响，在水溶胶中，螯合物增加了共聚物的亲水性，改变了水溶胶的流变性、稳定性、表面张力、螯合物也提高了共聚物涂膜的耐水性，X光电子能谱（XPS）研究表明，在固化成膜过程中螯合物与共聚物发生交联反应，用IR、^1HNMR、DSC、TGA和UV等方法对其交联机理作了初步探讨。     

不同方法制备的Ni／ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3催化剂对CH4-CO2重整反应的催化性能

 采用水热合成法、溶胶凝胶法和共沉淀－负载法制备了相同NiO含量的Ni／ZrO2－CeO2－Al2O3催化剂，考察了它们在CH4－CO2重整反应中的催化性能及稳定性，测定了积碳量．用CO2程序升温脱附方法测试了它们的CO2吸附性能，用H2程序升温脱附方法测试了表面Ni的分散度．结果表明，随温度升高，CH4和CO2转化率降低的顺序是：溶胶凝胶法≈共沉淀－负载法＞水热合成法，并且反应产物中n（CO）／n（H2）比随温度升高而降低．水热法和共沉淀－负载法制备的催化剂稳定性好，且前者的活性比后者高；溶胶凝胶法制得的催化剂活性较高，但易失活．积碳量大小顺序是：水热法＞溶胶凝胶法＞共沉淀－负载法．与其他方法制备的催化剂相比，水热法制备的催化剂对CO2的吸附量更大，\r\n而且积碳主要存在于载体上，从而保证了催化剂的稳定性．     

乙酰丙酮钛螯合物掺杂丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶

乙酰丙酮钛螯合物掺杂丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶;乙酰丙酮钛螯合物; 丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶;掺杂     

溶胶处理对硅灰石表面性质的影响

本工作用锡和锌两种溶胶对硅灰石进行表面处理。用酸碱测定、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、粒度分析、比表面测定和扫描电子显微分析(SEM)等方法研究了溶胶处理对硅灰石表面化学性质和物理性质的影响情况。结果表明经过溶胶处理,锡或锌是以氧化物的形式包覆在硅灰石的表面,使得硅灰石的表面组成、形貌和酸碱性都发生了变化。     

Preparation of nanosized sulfur particles from aqueous solutions of calcium and sodium polysulfides

Preparation of nanosized sulfur from solutions of calcium and sodium polysulfides was considered. Via measuring the optical density of dilute aqueous solutions of the polysulfides the sulfur hydrosol particle size was studied in relation to the storage time and viscosity of the solutions. It was found that the sulfur nanoparticle size can be controlled by varying the viscosity of solution and introducing polymer additions. The temporal stability of nanosized sulfur hydrosol particles was examined.     

In situ UV–visible and IR absorption study of the aggregation of silver colloidal particles via chemisorption of octadecanethiol

Aggregation of silver colloidal particles in the hydrosol via chemisorption of octadecanethiol (ODT) molecules was investigated based on in situ UV–visible transmission and infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurements. As‐prepared silver hydrosol exhibits a single absorption peak at 395 nm because of the plasma resonance of the metal particles. Upon addition of ODT‐dissolved ethanol to the hydrosol, the resonance band red‐shifts and broadens, the detailed features of which depend on the ODT concentration and elapsed time. Both the red‐shift and the broadening are attributed to particle aggregation in the solution via ODT chemisorption. Aggregation on a germanium prism surface by the addition of ODT‐dissolved ethanol to the hydrosol was investigated using infrared ATR spectroscopy. At moderate ODT concentrations, intense aggregation via ODT chemisorption occurs strongly on the prism surface, allowing observation of ODT absorption bands. Angle‐dependent infrared ATR measurements for the ethanol and ODT molecules at the prism/solution interface clearly show that aggregation on the prism surface proceeds via the exclusion of ethanol. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具有双亲特性的水相哑铃型SiO2纳米粒子的制备

以纳米SiO2水溶胶为原料,3?氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和3?氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CPTES)为改性剂,在水基环境下分别对SiO2纳米粒子进行改性,得到了具有亲水特性的APTES改性SiO2粒子和具有亲油特性的CPTES改性SiO2粒子水溶胶。2种粒子按不同比例混合,利用接枝在SiO2粒子表面氨基和氯丙基的取代反应,使得2种具有亲水/亲油特性的改性SiO2纳米粒子偶联,制备了粒径为40~50 nm的哑铃型SiO2纳米粒子。并通过透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT?IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及动态光散射(DLS)等方法对其进行了系统表征。结果表明,2种粒子成功偶联形成了具有哑铃型结构的水相SiO2纳米粒子,该粒子两面具有不同的亲水性,粒径近似等于APTES改性SiO2粒子和CPTES改性SiO2粒子的粒径之和。     

SYNTHESIS OF SOAP-FREE ACRYLIC HYDROSOLS

Poly(methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid) hydrosols were prepared by employing soap-freepolymerization, and (acrylic acid/butyl acrylate) oligomer was used as the polymeric surfactant The effect of reactioncondition on the morphology and particle size of the hydrosols was investigated. The minimum amount of acrylic acid in thehydrosols is 2%. The maximum weight average molecular weight (M_w) of polymer that assures soap-free emulsionconversion into hydrosol is about 1.2×10~5-1.3×10~5. The particle transforming process was investigated, and an obviouschange of particle diameter and morphology was observed.     

铁、铈共掺杂纳米TiO2溶胶的制备及抗菌性能

采用微波辅助胶溶工艺,在常压条件下,制备了可用于室内杀菌的铁、铈共掺杂纳米TiO₂水溶胶,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、动态光散射(DLS)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对产物结构进行了表征,并选用白色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为受试菌种,分别在无光照、自然光照条件下,采用菌落计数法对水溶胶抗菌性能进行了检测。结果表明,用微波辅助胶溶工艺制备的Fe/Ce共掺杂纳米TiO₂为锐钛矿型,其平均粒径为10 nm。Fe/Ce的掺杂改性能有效提高纳米TiO₂水溶胶的抗菌性能,尤其是在自然光照条件下,Fe/Ce共掺杂纳米TiO₂溶胶在6 h内对各测试菌种的杀菌率均为95%以上,表明Fe/Ce共掺杂纳米TiO₂水溶胶具有很高的广谱杀菌性。采用透射电镜(TEM)对杀菌过程中的大肠杆菌菌体形态进行观测,探讨了Fe/Ce共掺杂纳米TiO₂水溶胶的抗菌机理。     

Effect of Low-Temperature Treatment of Silver Hydrosol on Its Absorption Spectra

Absorption spectra of a stable silver hydrosol before and after low-temperature treatment were recorded and analyzed. An increased duration of this treatment leads to linear decrease in volume concentration of Ag particles having an absorption maximum _max = 412 nm and to the formation of a new fraction of larger particles. It was shown on the basis of calculation of spectra by the Mie theory and the theory of plasmon resonance absorption that the low-temperature treatment of hydrosol does not change the electron density of metal particles and the number of surface defects. The effect of low-temperature treatment is independent of sol concentration. The particle aggregation under low-temperature treatment conditions is favored by the preliminary adsorption of p-phenylenediamine derivative.     

Macromolecular nature of nanosheets of quasi‐TiO2 from (tetra‐isopropyl)orthotitanate modified by methacrylic acid

In this paper we concentrate on the general behavior of oxotitanium hydrosol, which was earlier developed by us as a precursor of the TiO₂ nanoparticles and nanocomposite. The oxotitanium hydrosol was synthesized by the chemical decomposition of a molecular complex of the methacrylic acid/(tetra‐isopropyl)orthotitanate (MAA/TIPT) by means of the hydrogen peroxide. The raw product chemical decomposition of MAA/TIPT is the colloidal suspension of the oxotitanium compound in the water. The oxotitanium compound was separated from hydrosol and identified on the basis of X‐ray and Raman spectroscopy investigations. The status of water in the hydrosol was also investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. The photophysical behaviors of the oxotitanium hydrosol on the basis of the light absorption and photoluminescence (PL) investigations are presented. The light absorption (260 nm) and PL emission (313 nm) allow us to identify the inorganic phase of hydrosol as nanosheets' crystallites of quasi‐TiO₂. Macromolecular nature of nanosheets of quasi‐TiO₂ was revealed only for a higher concentration solution of nanosheets' crystallites of quasi‐TiO₂ at the hydrosol. A macromolecular nature of nanosheets of quasi‐TiO₂ by the red shift of absorption edge and PL wavelength with increase in the concentration of the oxotitanium hydrosol as well as the formation of hydrogels and birefringence developed under an influence of mechanical shearing is evidenced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Calibration of Polarization-Sensitive and Dual-Angle Laser Light Scattering Methods Using Standard Latex Particles

A polarization-sensitive laser light scattering (PSLLS) method and a dual-angle laser light scattering (DALLS) method have been studied for in situ measurement of submicrometer hydrosol and aerosol particles. By using standard monodisperse polystyrene latex particles suspended in water and air as test particles, calibration of systems built based on the above methods have been performed. The effects of light scattered by agglomerated aerosol particles (multiplets) were corrected by considering the fraction of multiplets as determined with an aerosol measurement technique using a differential mobility analyzer. The change in the measured intensities of scattered light with particle diameter was then determined by calculations based on Mie theory. It was shown that the PSLLS system can determine particle diameters as small as approximately 60 nm for the test hydrosol particles and approximately 100 nm for test aerosol particles, respectively. The DALLS system can determine smaller diameters than the PSLLS system for test particles with no light absorption. The change in scattered light intensities with particle diameter was also investigated by theoretical calculations with various refractive indexes and scattering angles. The PSLLS and DALLS systems promise to become routine measurement tools for absorbing and nonabsorbing particles, respectively. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.