Microwave-assisted Cannizzaro reaction—Optimisation of reaction conditions

The microwave-assisted Cannizzaro reaction was studied in order to develop fully reproducible synthetic protocols for transformation of aldehydes to carboxylic acid and alcohols. Optimised were the following process parameters: power, temperature, and time. Aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were used in the studies. It was found that furfural, thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, pyridinecarboxaldehyde and aromatic aldehydes react under mild conditions, while 1-methyl-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes require more drastic reaction conditions and a longer exposure time to microwave radiation.     

Silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes for Diels-Alder reaction, ene reaction and allylation reaction

Silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes are useful building blocks and are readily applied in several types of reactions such as Diels-Alder reaction, ene reaction and allylation. They can also participate in different tandem reactions such as Diels-Alder/allylation, ene/allylation, ene/allylation/Diels-Alder reaction, ene/allylation/ene reaction and ene/allylation/Diels-Alder/allylation reaction. This feature article reviews the synthesis of silyl-substituted 1,3-butadienes, and their applications in the reaction types mentioned above, involving a tandem Diels-Alder/ene/allylation process. This article also introduces some reactions of alkenylsilanes and allylsilanes for comparison and discussion about the tandem reaction. The tandem reactions described in this article are a powerful tool to construct complicated multicyclic compounds with high selectivity and high efficiency.     

Catalytic synthesis of thiazolidines by the reaction of Nef-isocyanide reaction

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A practical and efficient method for the synthesis of thiazolidine derivatives via Nef-isocyanide three-component reaction using supported phosphoric acid on...     

An anamolous reaction product in vilsmeier-haack reaction

A Vilsmeier-Haack formylation is reported in which reduction has occurred with the methyl group of the reagent functioning as hydrogen donor.     

Tandem Pauson-Khand reaction and Diels-Alder reaction for access to polycycles in a one-pot reaction

Starting from easily available cyclic alkenes, enynes, and dienophiles, a tandem intermolecular Pauson-Khand reaction and Diels-Alder reaction yields polycyclic compounds in high yields.     

Carbonylation reaction

Conclusions The butyl ester of-butoxypropionic acid was synthesized by the carbonylation of-butoxyethylmercury acetate at 150–250° and 50–150 atm, in which connection the maximum yield was obtained at 200° and 100 atm.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1751–1753, August, 1972.     

Carbonylation reaction

Conclusions The intermediate products, formed in the synthesis of the esters of-alkoxypropionic acids by the carbonylation of ethylene with CO in an aliphatic alcohol medium, in the presence of mercuric acetate, were isolated and characterized.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2494–2496, November, 1972.     

Novel ring transfer reaction of furans via intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of allene intermediate: a new double annulation reaction

A novel ring tansfer reaction of furans to fused furans by tandem intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction and base-catalyzed ring-opening of the adducts has been developed.     

Chemoselective derivatization of a bionanoparticle by click reaction and ATRP reaction

Horse spleen apoferritin, the hollow protein shell derived from ferritin, a special biological nanoparticle, can be chemoselectively modified at the lysine residues, which affords a robust scaffold for further chemical reactions including Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and atom transfer radical polymerization reaction.     

热重法研究煤的燃烧反应及其动力学

我国是个多煤少油的国家,煤炭是我国的主要能源,在我国的一次能源中所占比列高达70%[1].煤炭被广泛用于人类生产与生活的各个方面,且它的利用主要是通过燃烧直接获得能量.然而由于先进技术的欠缺,我国在煤炭的利用中一直存在着燃烧效率不高和环境污染严重等缺点,这与现今能源短缺和环境保护日益受重视的现状不相适应.本文通过研究分析煤的燃烧反应及燃烧反应动力学,为煤炭在利用时燃烧的清洁化与高效化提供科学依据.     

The influence of dissociation reaction on ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition reaction

In order to investigate the influence of dissociation reaction on thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN), biochar was selected as an adsorbent to interfere with the dissociation of AN. The TG-DSC results showed that the notable exothermic reaction of AN with the presence of 2% or 7% biochar took place. The decomposition temperature of AN decreased with increasing amount of biochar. The notable knee point was found in the TG curves. The activation energy of AN with biochar in the initial stage was higher than that of AN itself. Remote sensing Fourier transform infrared experiments found biochar induced AN decomposition at about 190 °C, which was also confirmed by the TG-MS results. After dissociation reaction, HNO₃ (g) and NH₃ (g) were adsorbed and crystalline of AN was formed on the surface of biochar. With the increasing temperature, NH₃ escaped from the surface of biochar, while HNO₃ (g) was stayed in biochar. HNO₃ (g) catalyzed the thermal decomposition of AN and also reacted with biochar. The results indicated that dissociation reaction of AN played an important role during AN thermal decomposition process. When dissociation reaction was changed, the thermal decomposition reaction of AN would also change, catalysis or inhibition AN thermal decomposition. It is a useful reference to guide the AN additives selection and to understand the mechanism for the AN decomposition accident.